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</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-page-header">
|
||
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<div class="actions-container">
|
||
<div class="return-to-search">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
|
||
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Email
|
||
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
|
||
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
|
||
aria-label="Send to"
|
||
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
|
||
href="#"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Clipboard
|
||
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F37339911%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F37339911%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
|
||
<button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
|
||
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
|
||
<div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="format-container">
|
||
<span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span>
|
||
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="hxV5GeNc4col1DMU13MsPF4aJWiUToZQ65VikEjuJe37mHq0Sqcp1Dzmgqng0CvY">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
|
||
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Save citation to file
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="hxV5GeNc4col1DMU13MsPF4aJWiUToZQ65VikEjuJe37mHq0Sqcp1Dzmgqng0CvY">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="email-action-panel"
|
||
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
|
||
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Email citation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="hxV5GeNc4col1DMU13MsPF4aJWiUToZQ65VikEjuJe37mHq0Sqcp1Dzmgqng0CvY">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Subject:
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 37339911 - PubMed</span>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 37339911"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="b49641d6b12ec63ce94d100efa69efb3d7a2db18b8f83d9f38083f006c5ea09b"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
To:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
From:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
|
||
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
|
||
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Send email
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="collections-action-panel"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to Collections
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="hxV5GeNc4col1DMU13MsPF4aJWiUToZQ65VikEjuJe37mHq0Sqcp1Dzmgqng0CvY">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="controls-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
|
||
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to My Bibliography
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
|
||
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="hxV5GeNc4col1DMU13MsPF4aJWiUToZQ65VikEjuJe37mHq0Sqcp1Dzmgqng0CvY">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
|
||
<div class="choice-group">
|
||
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
|
||
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="mybib"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your saved search
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
|
||
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
|
||
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="hxV5GeNc4col1DMU13MsPF4aJWiUToZQ65VikEjuJe37mHq0Sqcp1Dzmgqng0CvY">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of saved search:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="saved-search-name"
|
||
id="saved-search-name"
|
||
class="saved-search-name"
|
||
value=""
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Search terms:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
|
||
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
|
||
Would you like email updates of new search results?
|
||
</span>
|
||
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
|
||
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Frequency:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
|
||
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
|
||
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
|
||
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
|
||
<option value="day">The first day</option>
|
||
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Report format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
|
||
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Send at most:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
|
||
<option value="1">1 item</option>
|
||
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10 items</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20 items</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50 items</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100 items</option>
|
||
<option value="200">200 items</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
|
||
Send even when there aren't any new results
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Optional text in email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
id="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Create a file for external citation management software
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="hxV5GeNc4col1DMU13MsPF4aJWiUToZQ65VikEjuJe37mHq0Sqcp1Dzmgqng0CvY">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your RSS Feed
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
|
||
data-search-form-term-value="">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="hxV5GeNc4col1DMU13MsPF4aJWiUToZQ65VikEjuJe37mHq0Sqcp1Dzmgqng0CvY">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of RSS Feed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
placeholder="Name"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="rss-name"
|
||
id="rss-name"
|
||
class="rss-name"
|
||
value=''
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Number of items displayed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
|
||
<option value="5">5</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10</option>
|
||
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Creating..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create RSS
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
|
||
<button
|
||
type="button"
|
||
disabled
|
||
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="rss"
|
||
data-ga-label="copy">
|
||
Copy
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="37339911">
|
||
<aside class="page-sidebar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="full-text-links">
|
||
<div class="full-view">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="full-text-links-list">
|
||
<a class="link-item
|
||
|
||
dialog-focus"
|
||
href="https://academic.oup.com/femsre/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/femsre/fuad034"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=7898&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=37339911&db=pubmed&nlmid=8902526"
|
||
title="See full text options at Silverchair Information Systems"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="Silverchair Information Systems"
|
||
data-ga-label="37339911"
|
||
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--academic.oup.com-images-oup_pubmed.png" alt="Silverchair Information Systems full text link"><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Silverchair Information Systems
|
||
|
||
</span></a><a class="link-item
|
||
pmc
|
||
"
|
||
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/37339911/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=37339911&db=pubmed&nlmid=8902526"
|
||
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="PMC"
|
||
data-ga-label="37339911"
|
||
><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Free PMC article
|
||
|
||
</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="short-view">
|
||
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="cite"
|
||
data-ga-label="open"
|
||
data-all-citations-url="/37339911/citations/"
|
||
data-citation-style="nlm"
|
||
data-pubmed-format-link="/37339911/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="37339911" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_button"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F37339911%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
|
||
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
|
||
class="dialog collections-dialog"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="hxV5GeNc4col1DMU13MsPF4aJWiUToZQ65VikEjuJe37mHq0Sqcp1Dzmgqng0CvY"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label><input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
|
||
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
|
||
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2023 Jul 5;47(4):fuad034.</span>
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Gas and light: triggers of c-di-GMP-mediated regulation
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<h1 class="heading-title">
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Gas and light: triggers of c-di-GMP-mediated regulation
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<span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Zhaoqing Yu</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span>
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The widespread bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP is responsible for regulating many important physiological functions such as biofilm formation, motility, cell differentiation, and virulence. The synthesis and degradation of c-di-GMP in bacterial cells depend, respectively, on diguanylate cyclases and c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterases. Since c-di-GMP metabolic enzymes (CMEs) are often fused to sensory domains, their activities are likely controlled by environmental signals, thereby altering cellular c-di-GMP levels and regulating bacterial adaptive behaviors. Previous studies on c-di-GMP-mediated regulation mainly focused on downstream signaling pathways, including the identification of CMEs, cellular c-di-GMP receptors, and c-di-GMP-regulated processes. The mechanisms of CME regulation by upstream signaling modules received less attention, resulting in a limited understanding of the c-di-GMP regulatory networks. We review here the diversity of sensory domains related to bacterial CME regulation. We specifically discuss those domains that are capable of sensing gaseous or light signals and the mechanisms they use for regulating cellular c-di-GMP levels. It is hoped that this review would help refine the complete c-di-GMP regulatory networks and improve our understanding of bacterial behaviors in changing environments. In practical terms, this may eventually provide a way to control c-di-GMP-mediated bacterial biofilm formation and pathogenesis in general.
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Keywords:
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</strong>
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||
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NO sensors; c-di-GMP; c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterase; diguanylate cyclase; photoreceptors; sensory domains.
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<p class="copyright" id="copyright">
|
||
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer">
|
||
<a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources"
|
||
data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" data-ga-label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Conflict of interest statement
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div class="statement">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">None declared.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
<div class="figures" id="figures">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Figures
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figures-list" id="slides-container"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery">
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data-label-slug="figure-1">
|
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<a class="figure-link"
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||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/cef0163f4984/fuad034fig1.jpg"
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data-image-width="787"
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data-image-height="407"
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data-image-alt="Figure 1."
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||
data-pmc-id="PMC10505747"
|
||
data-figure-id="fig1">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
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id="article-image-0"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/adfa6528753d/fuad034fig1.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 1." />
|
||
</a>
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<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="787">
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<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="407">
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<div class="caption-wrap">
|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 1. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Crystal structures of two types… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 1. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Crystal structures of two types of heme-based O <sub> 2 </sub> sensors. (A) Crystal structure… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 1.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Crystal structures of two types of heme-based O<sub>2</sub> sensors. (A) Crystal structure of the heme-containing PAS domain from <i>Escherichia coli Ec</i>DosP (PDB entry: 1V9Z) (Kurokawa et al. 2004). Its five β-strands (A<sub>β</sub>, B<sub>β</sub>, G<sub>β</sub>, H<sub>β</sub>, and I<sub>β</sub>) and four flanking α-helices (C<sub>α</sub>, D<sub>α</sub>, E<sub>α</sub>, and F<sub>α</sub>) are labeled as indicated. (B) Crystal structure of the heme-containing GCS domain from <i>Escherichia coli Ec</i>DosC (PDB entry: 4ZVB) (Tarnawski et al. 2015). Each monomer contains eight α-helices, which are named Z<sub>α</sub>, A<sub>α</sub>, B<sub>α</sub>, C<sub>α</sub>, E<sub>α</sub>, F<sub>α</sub>, G<sub>α</sub>, and H<sub>α</sub> according to the classical globin nomenclature. The heme ligand in each domain is indicated by arrows.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
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|
||
<a class="figure-link"
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||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/1ba4c99f806b/fuad034fig2.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
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||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="755"
|
||
data-image-height="368"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 2."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC10505747"
|
||
data-figure-id="fig2">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-1"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/286530641ca3/fuad034fig2.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 2." />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="755">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="368">
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|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 2. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Redox-induced changes at the distal… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 2. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Redox-induced changes at the distal heme site of <i> Ec </i> DosP. <i> Ec </i> DosP is… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 2.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Redox-induced changes at the distal heme site of <i>Ec</i>DosP. <i>Ec</i>DosP is O<sub>2</sub>-dependent and its activity is regulated by the transition between the ferric form (PDB entry:1V9Y) (Kurokawa et al. 2004) and ferrous form (PDB entry:1V9Z) (Kurokawa et al. 2004) of the heme-PAS domain, a process accompanied by the change of distal axial ligands. When the heme-PAS domain is in the ferric form, the distal axial ligand of its complex is a water molecule W1, stabilized by another water molecule W2 (marked by the magenta dashed box); when it is reduced to the ferrous form, the distal axial ligand of its complex is changed to Met95 (marked by the blue dashed box) of the FG-loop (shown in yellow). Also indicated is the iron-binding His77.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
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||
data-label-slug="figure-3">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/26c26a1c650d/fuad034fig3.jpg"
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||
role="button"
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data-image-width="755"
|
||
data-image-height="712"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 3."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC10505747"
|
||
data-figure-id="fig3">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-2"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/7b47021102c2/fuad034fig3.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 3." />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="755">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="712">
|
||
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||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 3. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> O <sub> 2 </sub> sensors <i> Ec </i> DosC… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 3. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> O <sub> 2 </sub> sensors <i> Ec </i> DosC and <i> Ec </i> DosP mediate c-di-GMP-dependent RNA processing in… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">O<sub>2</sub> sensors <i>Ec</i>DosC and <i>Ec</i>DosP mediate c-di-GMP-dependent RNA processing in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. (A) Domain organization of <i>Ec</i>DosC and <i>Ec</i>DosP. <i>Ec</i>DosP contains a degenerate GGDEF domain with the EGTQF motif at its active site. (B) Possible scheme for O<sub>2</sub>-dependent RNA degradation in the <i>Ec</i>DosCP complex (based on Tuckerman et al. 2011). Under anaerobic conditions (upper panel), <i>Ec</i>DosP and <i>Ec</i>DosC are unliganded (deoxygenated), and the DGC activity of <i>Ec</i>DosC is activated (marked with an asterisk), producing c-di-GMP to activate the receptor PNPase in the RNA degradation complex. Under aerobic conditions (lower panel), <i>Ec</i>DosP and <i>Ec</i>DosC are liganded (oxygenated) and the PDE activity of <i>Ec</i>DosP is induced (marked with an asterisk). <i>Ec</i>DosP hydrolyzes c-di-GMP to pGpG, which drastically decreases PNPase activity. mRNAs that depend on O<sub>2</sub> for preservation and degradation may be selected by a mechanism involving sRNAs and Hfq, where sRNAs serve as mediators to recognize target mRNAs, and the RNA chaperone Hfq catalyzes this hybridization.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
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|
||
data-label-slug="figure-4">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/bd0bb9f50a8a/fuad034fig4.jpg"
|
||
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|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-3"
|
||
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|
||
data-image-width="756"
|
||
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|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 4."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC10505747"
|
||
data-figure-id="fig4">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-3"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/952c98303966/fuad034fig4.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 4." />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="756">
|
||
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|
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<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 4. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Crystal structures of two classes… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 4. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Crystal structures of two classes of heme-based NO sensors. (A) Crystal structure of… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 4.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Crystal structures of two classes of heme-based NO sensors. (A) Crystal structure of the H-NOX domain from <i>Caldanaerobacter subterraneus</i> (PDB entry: 5JRU) (Hespen et al. 2016). The H-NOX fold consists of seven α-helices (A<sub>α</sub>–F<sub>α</sub>, and K<sub>α</sub>) and a four-stranded antiparallel β-sheet (G<sub>β</sub>, H<sub>β</sub>, I<sub>β</sub>, and J<sub>β</sub>). Located on the α-helix F<sub>α</sub>, His102 is the proximal axial ligand for heme iron and is highly conserved across all H-NOX domains. Tyr131, Ser133, and Arg135 are strictly conserved residues in the YXSXR motif. The heme ligand is also indicated by arrows. (B) Predicted structure of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> NosP (PA1975), obtained from the AlphaFold website (<ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q9I2D0">https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q9I2D0</ext-link>). This model contains 10 α-helices and 21 β-sheets.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
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|
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|
||
data-label-slug="figure-5">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/9f412f7ec29d/fuad034fig5.jpg"
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="708"
|
||
data-image-height="495"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 5."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC10505747"
|
||
data-figure-id="fig5">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-4"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/09ff1ea7990a/fuad034fig5.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 5." />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="708">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="495">
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||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 5. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Mechanisms of NO-induced biofilm dispersal… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 5. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Mechanisms of NO-induced biofilm dispersal or formation via H-NOX domain. CMEs in bacteria… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 5.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Mechanisms of NO-induced biofilm dispersal or formation via H-NOX domain. CMEs in bacteria function normally in the absence of NO. However, when bacteria are exposed to a certain concentration of NO, it would affect the activities of some CMEs, changing the cellular c-di-GMP concentrations and affecting the formation of bacterial biofilm. (A) NO may directly affect the protein–protein interaction between H-NOX proteins and HaCMEs, thereby altering their catalytic activities. When such HaCME has only a separate GGDEF domain (in some bacteria, it may have an additional degenerated EAL domain), the binding of NO to H-NOX inhibits the DGC activity of such HaCME. When the HaCME contains both GGDEF and EAL domains, binding of NO to H-NOX will maintain or even down-regulate the DGC activity of this HaCME, or activate its PDE activity. These signal events would reduce the cellular c-di-GMP concentrations in bacteria, ultimately leading to biofilm dispersal. (B) NO may also affect the interaction of H-NOX protein with HaHK, thereby affecting the transfer of the phosphoryl group to indirectly regulate the activity of response regulator HaCME. Such HaCME proteins usually fuse the phospho-signaling receptor REC domain and the GGDEF/EAL domain. Binding of NO to H-NOX protein inhibits the autophosphorylation of HaHK, hindering the downstream transmission of the phosphoryl group, and changes the phosphorylation state of HaCME, thereby inhibiting the PDE activity or activating the DGC, resulting in an elevated c-di-GMP level, which ultimately promotes the formation of bacterial biofilms. * indicates domain degeneration and a lack of catalytic activity. The arrows on the c-di-GMP metabolic domains represent an increase or decrease in activities of the corresponding enzymes. The protein shown in the dashed box in Fig. 5(B) is HnoC, which may not be present in the signaling networks of some bacteria.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
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|
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|
||
data-label-slug="figure-6">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/11363d2b3aab/fuad034fig6.jpg"
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
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|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 6."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC10505747"
|
||
data-figure-id="fig6">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-5"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/59a077e27ad8/fuad034fig6.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 6." />
|
||
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|
||
|
||
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<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="978">
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|
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<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
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|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 6. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Mechanisms of NO-induced biofilm dispersal… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 6. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Mechanisms of NO-induced biofilm dispersal via the NosP domain. Possible NosP signaling pathway… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 6.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Mechanisms of NO-induced biofilm dispersal via the NosP domain. Possible NosP signaling pathway in <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> (left, based on Fischer et al. 2019). Binding of NO to <i>Lp</i>NosP weakens the interaction between <i>Lp</i>NosP and <i>Lp</i>NahK and diminishes the inhibitory effect of <i>Lp</i>NosP on the autophosphorylation of <i>Lp</i>NaHK. <i>Lp</i>NaHK can thus transfer the phosphoryl group to the downstream bifunctional <i>Lp</i>NaCME, which exhibits reduced DGC activity and increased PDE activity, causing a decrease in the cellular c-di-GMP concentrations, and ultimately leading to biofilm dispersal. <i>So</i>NosP is a master regulator of the multicomponent No/c-di-GMP signaling network in <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i> (right, based on Nisbett et al. 2019). When the bacteria are not exposed to NO, iron-free <i>So</i>NosP strongly inhibits the autophosphorylation activity of <i>So</i>NaHK and <i>So</i>HaHK, thereby preventing downstream components of the phosphate transport chain from being phosphorylated. However, when NO is present, <i>So</i>NosP attenuates the inhibitory effect on <i>So</i>HaHK, enabling the transfer of the phosphoryl group to <i>So</i>HaCME and enhancing the PDE activity of <i>So</i>HaCME to induce biofilm dispersion. * indicates that the domain is degraded and lacks catalytic activity. The arrows on the c-di-GMP metabolic domains represent an increase or decrease in activities of the corresponding enzymes.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
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|
||
data-slide-index="6"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-7">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/4411e806294b/fuad034fig7.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-6"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="755"
|
||
data-image-height="655"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 7."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC10505747"
|
||
data-figure-id="fig7">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-6"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/09d58c15fdee/fuad034fig7.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 7." />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="755">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="655">
|
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||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 7. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Light-driven changes in the structure… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 7. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Light-driven changes in the structure and spectral properties of <i> Deinococcus radiodurans </i> Bph. The… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 7.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Light-driven changes in the structure and spectral properties of <i>Deinococcus radiodurans</i> Bph. The biliverdin chromophore contains four pyrrole rings, named A, B, C, and D rings. Under the irradiation by red and far-red light, biliverdin undergoes reversible <i>Z/E</i> isomerization around the C15/C16 double bond in the methine bridge between the C ring and the D ring, resulting in the rotation of the D ring and causing atomic rearrangements in the chromophore-binding pocket, which in turn leads to repositioning of the PHY domain and refolding of the tongue-like structure therein. In the P<sub>r</sub> state, the tongue-like region appears as a β-sheet (PDB entry:4O0P) (Takala et al. 2014), while in the P<sub>fr</sub> state, it transforms into an α-helix (PDB entry:4O01) (Kurokawa et al. 2004).</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="7"
|
||
data-label-slug="figure-8">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/eca732a105cc/fuad034fig8.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-7"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="692"
|
||
data-image-height="810"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 8."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC10505747"
|
||
data-figure-id="fig8">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-7"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/0b09dd094f46/fuad034fig8.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 8." />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="692">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="810">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 8. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The photoreceptor protein <i> Rs </i> BphG1… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 8. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The photoreceptor protein <i> Rs </i> BphG1 from <i> Rhodobacter sphaeroides </i> is involved in regulating c-di-GMP… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-7" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 8.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">The photoreceptor protein <i>Rs</i>BphG1 from <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i> is involved in regulating c-di-GMP levels in bacteria. (A) Schematic representation of the domain composition of <i>Rs</i>BphG1 that includes the classic PAS-GAF-PHY photosensory module and the GGDEF–EAL functional modules. Green stars represent the biliverdin chromophore. (B) An “EAL lock” model can be applied to explain how <i>Rs</i>BphG1 modulates its catalytic activity in response to light signals (based on Tarutina et al. 2006). The EAL domain and the linker between GGDEF and EAL of <i>Rs</i>BphG1 tend to homodimerize, although dimerization of the EAL domains is not required for PDE activity. Protein–protein interaction between the EAL domains can form an “EAL lock” to restrict the mobility of the upstream GGDEF domains. In this process, homodimer formation of GGDEF domains is necessary to receive signals from the sensory domain to undergo a conformational change and complete the transition from a nonproductive state with low or no enzymatic activity to a productive state with high activity. When “EAL lock” is present, the GGDEF domain cannot obtain enough mobility to change conformation, so DGC activity is inhibited; in other words, <i>Rs</i>BphG1 gets locked in PDE mode. However, bacteria may use a cleavage mechanism to unlock this “EAL lock,” eventually splitting full-length <i>Rs</i>BphG1 into two proteins. The smaller species was identified as the EAL domain and the linker with PDE activity, while the larger species was the rest of <i>Rs</i>BphG1. When the unlocked <i>Rs</i>BphG1 is not activated by light, its GGDEF domain is in a nonproductive state; when activated by light, the conformation of its GGDEF domain will shift to a productive mode, increasing the cellular c-di-GMP concentrations. <i>Rs</i>BphG1 usually exists as a tetramer or a higher-order oligomer, but was drawn as a dimer in this figure for ease of presentation.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
data-label-slug="figure-9">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/4e4493f3413e/fuad034fig9.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
data-image-width="756"
|
||
data-image-height="976"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 9."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC10505747"
|
||
data-figure-id="fig9">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-8"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/61f87982d03f/fuad034fig9.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 9." />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="756">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="976">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 9. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> c-di-GMP is involved in regulating… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 9. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> c-di-GMP is involved in regulating <i> Synechocystis </i> motility. (A) Motility behaviors of <i> Synechocystis </i> sp.… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-8" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 9.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">c-di-GMP is involved in regulating <i>Synechocystis</i> motility. (A) Motility behaviors of <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. Its phototaxis is spectrally dependent, and the phototaxis behaviors have a transition point at a wavelength of about 470 nm. When the wavelength is higher than 470 nm, the cells show positive phototaxis, while when the wavelength is lower than 470 nm, the cells either do not move (e.g. under blue light) or exhibit negative phototaxis (e.g. from ultraviolet light) (Fiedler et al. , Chau et al. 2017). This process may involve c-di-GMP, since artificial degradation of c-di-GMP in <i>Synechocystis</i> activates bacterial motility, while synthetic c-di-GMP inhibits phototaxis (Savakis et al. , Wallner et al. 2020). (B) Schematic illustration of the domain composition of <i>Sy</i>Cph2 and its interaction partners that regulate phototaxis in <i>Synechocystis</i>. The PCB chromophore (purple star) and tetrapyrrole chromophore (cyan star) are covalently bound to the GAF1 and GAF3 domains of <i>Sy</i>Cph2, respectively, conferring <i>Sy</i>Cph2 light-sensing capabilities. (C) <i>Sy</i>Cph2-dependent model of <i>Synechocystis</i> blue light avoidance behaviors (based on Wallner et al. 2020). <i>Sy</i>Cph2, <i>Sy</i>Slr1143, and <i>Sy</i>Slr1142 may be able to form a protein complex that can flexibly adjust cellular c-di-GMP concentrations in response to different light signals. Under blue light irradiation, the C-terminal GGEDF domain of <i>Sy</i>Cph2 is activated to synthesize c-di-GMP. Elevated levels of c-di-GMP affect the expression of minor pilin operon (<i>pilA5</i>-<i>pilA6</i> and <i>pilA9</i>-<i>slr2019</i>) and chemotaxis gene operon (<i>tax2</i>), in particular, up-regulated expression of <i>pilA9</i>-<i>slr2019</i> significantly induces flocculation of <i>Synechocystis</i>, and this operon has also been shown to play an important role in the phototaxis motility of <i>Synechocystis</i>. Besides, the c-di-GMP receptor CdgR has been recently identified in cyanobacteria and demonstrated to control the cell size (Zeng et al. 2023). The possible existence of yet unknown c-di-GMP receptors that could regulate cyanobacterial motility remains to be investigated. Furthermore, this c-di-GMP-dependent signaling network also appears to crosstalk with the cAMP signal transduction system and the Hfq regulatory system due to the involvement of two CRP-like transcription factors, <i>Sy</i>CRP1 (a cAMP receptor protein) and <i>Sy</i>CRP2 (a potential c-di-GMP-dependent transcription factor lacking the key amino acids for binding cAMP) (Fu et al. 2021). The dotted lines represent mechanisms that have yet to be studied.</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
data-label-slug="figure-10">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/4957ced466e2/fuad034fig10.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
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|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="756"
|
||
data-image-height="564"
|
||
data-image-alt="Figure 10."
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC10505747"
|
||
data-figure-id="fig10">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-9"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7e3a/10505747/7d3895f07499/fuad034fig10.gif"
|
||
alt="Figure 10." />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="756">
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 10. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Structures of blue light photoreceptors… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Figure 10. </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Structures of blue light photoreceptors in bacteria. (A) Crystal structure of the LOV… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-9" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Figure 10.
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Structures of blue light photoreceptors in bacteria. (A) Crystal structure of the LOV domain of <i>Bacillus subtili</i>s YvtA (PDB entry: 2PR5) (Möglich and Moffat 2007). The YvtA core domain consists of a five-stranded antiparallel β-sheet (A<sub>β</sub>, B<sub>β</sub>, G<sub>β</sub>, H<sub>β</sub>, and I<sub>β</sub>) and four α-helices (C<sub>α</sub>, D<sub>α</sub>, E<sub>α</sub>, and F<sub>α</sub>), with a short linker helix at the C-terminus of the core domain. Critical Cys62 are highlighted and drawn in ball-and-stick. (B) Crystal structure of the BLUF domain of <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i> AppA with FMN replacing the FAD cofactor of the native AppA (PDB entry: 1YRX) (Anderson et al. 2005). It contains two α-helices (B<sub>α</sub> and E<sub>α</sub>) and a five-stranded mixed β-sheet (A<sub>β</sub>, C<sub>β</sub>, D<sub>β</sub>, G<sub>β</sub>, and F<sub>β</sub>). (C) Crystal structure of <i>Ectothiorhodospira halophila</i> PYP (PDB entry: 2PHY) (Borgstahl et al. 1995). PYP consists of a central six-stranded β-sheet (C<sub>β</sub>, D<sub>β</sub>, G<sub>β</sub>, J<sub>β</sub>, K<sub>β</sub>, and L<sub>β</sub>) and six α-helices (A<sub>α</sub>, B<sub>α</sub>, E<sub>α</sub>, F<sub>α</sub>, H<sub>α</sub>, and I<sub>α</sub>). Key Cys69 covalently binding the chromophore are highlighted and drawn in ball-and-stick. (D) Protein fold of the <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC6803 cryptochrome DASH (PDB entry: 1NP7) (Brudler et al. 2003). It contains several 3<sub>10</sub> helices (magenta) in addition to α-helices (red) and β-sheets (cyan). The chromophores in each domain are also indicated by arrows.</div>
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Bacteria / metabolism"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1"
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aria-expanded="false"
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|
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Bacteria / metabolism
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Bacteria / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="/?term=%22Bacteria%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Bacteria%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Bacteria/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Bacteria"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins* / metabolism"
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aria-expanded="false"
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Bacterial Proteins* / metabolism
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-2"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins* / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Bacterial Proteins/metabolism"[MAJR]"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Bacterial Proteins/metabolism"[MAJR]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Bacterial Proteins/metabolism"[MAJR]"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Biofilms"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Biofilms
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Biofilms"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Biofilms%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Biofilms%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Biofilms"[MeSH]"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
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Cyclic GMP / metabolism
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cyclic GMP / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Cyclic+GMP%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Cyclic+GMP%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Cyclic GMP/metabolism"[MeSH]"
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Search in PubMed
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data-ga-category="search"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Escherichia coli Proteins* / genetics"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-5"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Escherichia coli Proteins* / genetics
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-5"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Escherichia coli Proteins* / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="/?term=%22Escherichia+coli+Proteins%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Escherichia+coli+Proteins%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics"[MAJR]"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Escherichia+coli+Proteins"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics"[MAJR]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics"[MAJR]"
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href="#">
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6"
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aria-expanded="false"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Gene+Expression+Regulation%2C+Bacterial%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Gene+Expression+Regulation%2C+Bacterial%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Gene+Expression+Regulation%2C+Bacterial"
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Signal Transduction"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Signal Transduction
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Signal Transduction"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="/?term=%22Signal+Transduction%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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data-href="/?term=%22Signal+Transduction%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Signal Transduction"[MeSH]"
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Search in PubMed
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Signal+Transduction"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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data-search-term=""Signal Transduction"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-label=""Signal Transduction"[MeSH]"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
|
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</div>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Substances
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid"
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0"
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="/?term=%22bis%283%27%2C5%27%29-cyclic+diguanylic+acid%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22bis%283%27%2C5%27%29-cyclic+diguanylic+acid%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid"[nm]"
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Search in PubMed
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
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data-search-term=""bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid"[nm]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Bacterial Proteins
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Bacterial Proteins"[nm]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="substance"
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data-ga-label="Bacterial Proteins">
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%22"
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
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data-ga-action="substance_link"
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data-ga-label="Bacterial Proteins">
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Bacterial Proteins"[nm]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Bacterial Proteins"[nm]"
|
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Escherichia coli Proteins"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-2"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Escherichia coli Proteins
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-2"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Escherichia coli Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Escherichia+coli+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Escherichia+coli+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Escherichia coli Proteins"[nm]"
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="substance"
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data-ga-label="Escherichia coli Proteins">
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Escherichia+coli+Proteins%22"
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data-ga-action="substance_link"
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data-ga-label="Escherichia coli Proteins">
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Search in MeSH
|
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Escherichia coli Proteins"[nm]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
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data-ga-label=""Escherichia coli Proteins"[nm]"
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href="#">
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Cyclic GMP"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-3"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Cyclic GMP
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-3"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
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