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|
||
data-ga-category="featured_link"
|
||
data-ga-action="user_guide">
|
||
User Guide
|
||
</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-page-header">
|
||
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<div class="actions-container">
|
||
<div class="return-to-search">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
|
||
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Email
|
||
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
|
||
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
|
||
aria-label="Send to"
|
||
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
|
||
href="#"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Clipboard
|
||
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F17641900%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F17641900%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
|
||
<button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
|
||
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
|
||
<div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="format-container">
|
||
<span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span>
|
||
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TVzqlmYO5HTvFcK3f64qupNbTMVekS0IaIjvYcraFiGZzDQTSpHsYxjPrQDqdty2">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
|
||
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Save citation to file
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TVzqlmYO5HTvFcK3f64qupNbTMVekS0IaIjvYcraFiGZzDQTSpHsYxjPrQDqdty2">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="email-action-panel"
|
||
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
|
||
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Email citation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TVzqlmYO5HTvFcK3f64qupNbTMVekS0IaIjvYcraFiGZzDQTSpHsYxjPrQDqdty2">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Subject:
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 17641900 - PubMed</span>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 17641900"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="b8f8766dc2acc0edad46d280fe10df969fbecbef62ed4ab6cb27dfa310cabbe8"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
To:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
From:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
|
||
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
|
||
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Send email
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="collections-action-panel"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to Collections
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TVzqlmYO5HTvFcK3f64qupNbTMVekS0IaIjvYcraFiGZzDQTSpHsYxjPrQDqdty2">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="controls-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
|
||
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to My Bibliography
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
|
||
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TVzqlmYO5HTvFcK3f64qupNbTMVekS0IaIjvYcraFiGZzDQTSpHsYxjPrQDqdty2">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
|
||
<div class="choice-group">
|
||
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
|
||
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="mybib"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your saved search
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
|
||
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
|
||
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TVzqlmYO5HTvFcK3f64qupNbTMVekS0IaIjvYcraFiGZzDQTSpHsYxjPrQDqdty2">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of saved search:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="saved-search-name"
|
||
id="saved-search-name"
|
||
class="saved-search-name"
|
||
value=""
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Search terms:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
|
||
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
|
||
Would you like email updates of new search results?
|
||
</span>
|
||
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
|
||
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Frequency:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
|
||
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
|
||
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
|
||
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
|
||
<option value="day">The first day</option>
|
||
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Report format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
|
||
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Send at most:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
|
||
<option value="1">1 item</option>
|
||
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10 items</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20 items</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50 items</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100 items</option>
|
||
<option value="200">200 items</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
|
||
Send even when there aren't any new results
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Optional text in email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
id="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Create a file for external citation management software
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TVzqlmYO5HTvFcK3f64qupNbTMVekS0IaIjvYcraFiGZzDQTSpHsYxjPrQDqdty2">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your RSS Feed
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
|
||
data-search-form-term-value="">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TVzqlmYO5HTvFcK3f64qupNbTMVekS0IaIjvYcraFiGZzDQTSpHsYxjPrQDqdty2">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of RSS Feed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
placeholder="Name"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="rss-name"
|
||
id="rss-name"
|
||
class="rss-name"
|
||
value=''
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Number of items displayed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
|
||
<option value="5">5</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10</option>
|
||
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Creating..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create RSS
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
|
||
<button
|
||
type="button"
|
||
disabled
|
||
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="rss"
|
||
data-ga-label="copy">
|
||
Copy
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="17641900">
|
||
<aside class="page-sidebar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="full-text-links">
|
||
<div class="full-view">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="full-text-links-list">
|
||
<a class="link-item
|
||
|
||
dialog-focus"
|
||
href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00401-007-0263-0"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3055&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=17641900&db=pubmed&nlmid=0412041"
|
||
title="See full text options at Springer"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="Springer"
|
||
data-ga-label="17641900"
|
||
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/http:--production.springer.de-OnlineResources-Logos-springerlink.gif" alt="Springer full text link"><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Springer
|
||
|
||
</span></a><a class="link-item
|
||
pmc
|
||
"
|
||
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/17641900/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=17641900&db=pubmed&nlmid=0412041"
|
||
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="PMC"
|
||
data-ga-label="17641900"
|
||
><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Free PMC article
|
||
|
||
</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="short-view">
|
||
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="cite"
|
||
data-ga-label="open"
|
||
data-all-citations-url="/17641900/citations/"
|
||
data-citation-style="nlm"
|
||
data-pubmed-format-link="/17641900/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="17641900" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_button"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F17641900%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
|
||
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
|
||
class="dialog collections-dialog"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TVzqlmYO5HTvFcK3f64qupNbTMVekS0IaIjvYcraFiGZzDQTSpHsYxjPrQDqdty2"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label><input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
|
||
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
|
||
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2007 Oct;114(4):373-86.</span>
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Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2: a neuropathological update
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Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2: a neuropathological update
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Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2 (PCH-2; MIM 277470), an autosomal recessive neurodegeneration with fetal onset, was studied in six autopsies with ages at death ranging between 1 and 22 years. Three patients were distantly related. A case of olivopontocerebellar hypoplasia (OPCH; MIM 225753) was studied for comparison. Typical findings are: short cerebellar folia with poor branching ("hypoplasia"), relative sparing of the vermis, sharply demarcated areas of full thickness loss of cerebellar cortex probably resulting from regression at an early stage of development, segmental loss of dentate nuclei with preserved islands and reactive changes, segmental loss in the inferior olivary nucleus with reactive changes, loss of ventral pontine nuclei with near absence of transverse pontine fibers and sparing of spinal anterior horn cells. Variable findings are: cystic cerebellar degeneration, found in two, with vascular changes limited to the cerebellum in one. Comparison to olivopontocerebellar hypoplasia (OPCH) strongly suggests a continuum of pathology between this disorder and PCH-2. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response is negative. We conclude that the neuropathological findings in PCH-2 are sufficiently specific to enable an unequivocal diagnosis based on neuropathology.
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> MRI of patient 6 at… </p></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> MRI of patient 6 at 2 months. <b> a </b> Midsagittal inversion recovery sequence: flat… </p></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">MRI of patient 6 at 2 months. <b>a</b> Midsagittal inversion recovery sequence: flat aspect of ventral pons and moderate vermal hypoplasia. <b>b</b> Coronal T2-weighted image: severe hypoplasia of the cerebellar hemispheres (<i>arrows</i>) together filling only a fraction of the posterior fossa</div>
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data-image-alt="Fig. 2"
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||
data-pmc-id="PMC2039791"
|
||
data-figure-id="Fig2">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-1"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0298/2039791/6d5f8813332e/401_2007_263_Fig2_HTML.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 2" />
|
||
</a>
|
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|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="331">
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<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="326">
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|
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|
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<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 2 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Pedigree linking patients 4, 5… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 2 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Pedigree linking patients 4, 5 and 6 in the present report; IX, 1… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 2
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Pedigree linking patients 4, 5 and 6 in the present report; IX, 1 and IX, 3 were reported before [5]</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="2"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-3">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0298/2039791/5e3b44dbf6e0/401_2007_263_Fig3_HTML.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-2"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="574"
|
||
data-image-height="862"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 3"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC2039791"
|
||
data-figure-id="Fig3">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-2"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0298/2039791/ef24a0eb1e20/401_2007_263_Fig3_HTML.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 3" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="574">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="862">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 3 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Hypoplastic folia. Stains, synaptophysin. Sagittal… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 3 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Hypoplastic folia. Stains, synaptophysin. Sagittal sections of cerebellar hemispheres are seen on the… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 3
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Hypoplastic folia. Stains, synaptophysin. Sagittal sections of cerebellar hemispheres are seen on the <i>left</i> and detailed views on the <i>right</i>. Stunted folial growth with decreased number of folial branches. <b>a</b>, <b>b</b> Male, 8 years, with accidental death and normal findings on autopsy (control); <b>c</b>, <b>d</b> case 4; <b>e</b>, <b>f</b> case 6; <b>g</b>, <b>h</b> case 5. <i>Marker bars</i> on the <i>left</i> 1 cm, and on the <i>right</i> 1 mm</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="3"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-4">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0298/2039791/a5a638cca4fc/401_2007_263_Fig4_HTML.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-3"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="520"
|
||
data-image-height="362"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 4"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC2039791"
|
||
data-figure-id="Fig4">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-3"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0298/2039791/278cf05511e2/401_2007_263_Fig4_HTML.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 4" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="520">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="362">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 4 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Vermis cerebelli, case 5. Stains,… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 4 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Vermis cerebelli, case 5. Stains, <b> a </b> HE, <b> b </b> GFAP, <b> c </b> neurofilament protein, <b> d… </b> </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 4
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Vermis cerebelli, case 5. Stains, <b>a</b> HE, <b>b</b> GFAP, <b>c</b> neurofilament protein, <b>d</b> vimentin. <b>a–c</b> Adjacent sections with circumscript segments of loss of all layers and glial reaction. <i>Arrows</i> in (<b>a</b>) point to circumscript areas of lost cortex. <b>d</b> Sharply demarcated foci and replacing bands of astrocytes possibly modified Bergmann cells. <i>Marker bar</i> in (<b>d</b>) = 500 μm</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="4"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-5">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0298/2039791/e570c2614188/401_2007_263_Fig5_HTML.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-4"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="471"
|
||
data-image-height="654"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 5"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC2039791"
|
||
data-figure-id="Fig5">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-4"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0298/2039791/c26ec064e47d/401_2007_263_Fig5_HTML.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 5" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="471">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="654">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 5 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Cerebellar hemispheric cortex with segmental… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 5 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Cerebellar hemispheric cortex with segmental lesions. Stains, <b> a </b> , <b> h </b> synaptophysin, <b> b </b> –… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 5
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Cerebellar hemispheric cortex with segmental lesions. Stains, <b>a</b>, <b>h</b> synaptophysin, <b>b</b>–<b>d</b> vimentin, <b>e</b>, <b>g</b>, <b>i</b> GFAP, <b>f</b> MAP-2. Case 6: <i>opposing arrows</i> mark lesions with loss of all cortical layers (<b>a</b>) and glial replacement (<b>b</b>). <b>c</b>, <b>d</b> Case 5: segment of whole thickness loss of cortex is replaced by a single layer of evenly spaced astrocytes, their topography compatible with modified Bergmann cells. <b>e</b>, <b>f</b>, <b>g</b> Case 4: segmental loss of cortex with glial replacement marked by <i>opposing arrows</i>; in (<b>f</b>) higher magnification shows a group of remaining isolated granule cells. <b>h</b>, <b>i</b> Case 2: segmental loss of cortex on top of a folium in moderately hypoplastic cortex. <i>Marker bars</i>: <b>a–c</b>, <b>e</b>, <b>g–</b>i = 0.5 mm, <b>d</b> = 0.25 mm, <b>f</b> = 50 μm</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item "
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="5"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-6">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0298/2039791/108b0e29d19d/401_2007_263_Fig6_HTML.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-5"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="582"
|
||
data-image-height="380"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 6"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC2039791"
|
||
data-figure-id="Fig6">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-5"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0298/2039791/88d69318449b/401_2007_263_Fig6_HTML.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 6" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="582">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="380">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 6 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Flocculus. Cerebellar hemispheric cortex, case… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 6 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Flocculus. Cerebellar hemispheric cortex, case 2, synaptophysin. Floccular cortex shows broader folial cores… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 6
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Flocculus. Cerebellar hemispheric cortex, case 2, synaptophysin. Floccular cortex shows broader folial cores and denser granule cell population than other parts of the cortex</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="6"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-7">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0298/2039791/3784e5a05815/401_2007_263_Fig7_HTML.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-6"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="582"
|
||
data-image-height="402"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 7"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC2039791"
|
||
data-figure-id="Fig7">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-6"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0298/2039791/0da17bdfe6db/401_2007_263_Fig7_HTML.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 7" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="582">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="402">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
<div class="caption-wrap">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 7 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Dentate nucleus, case 6. MAP-2.… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 7 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Dentate nucleus, case 6. MAP-2. Loss of normal outline with remaining dentate neurons… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 7
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Dentate nucleus, case 6. MAP-2. Loss of normal outline with remaining dentate neurons clustered in “islands”. <i>Marker bar</i> = 1 mm</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="figure-item tail"
|
||
itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"
|
||
itemprop="associatedMedia"
|
||
data-slide-index="7"
|
||
data-label-slug="fig-8">
|
||
<a class="figure-link"
|
||
href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0298/2039791/c1987015279b/401_2007_263_Fig8_HTML.jpg"
|
||
itemprop="contentUrl"
|
||
aria-describedby="figure-caption-7"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-image-width="520"
|
||
data-image-height="522"
|
||
data-image-alt="Fig. 8"
|
||
data-pmc-id="PMC2039791"
|
||
data-figure-id="Fig8">
|
||
<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
|
||
id="article-image-7"
|
||
src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0298/2039791/cf5647e9e943/401_2007_263_Fig8_HTML.gif"
|
||
alt="Fig. 8" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="520">
|
||
<meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="522">
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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<p> Fig. 8 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
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|
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|
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|
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Dentate nucleus, details. Stains: <b> a… </b> </p></div>
|
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|
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|
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|
||
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|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
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<p> Fig. 8 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Dentate nucleus, details. Stains: <b> a </b> MAP-2, <b> b </b> MBP, <b> c </b> , <b> d </b> calbindin, <b> e… </b> </p></div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 8
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Dentate nucleus, details. Stains: <b>a</b> MAP-2, <b>b</b> MBP, <b>c</b>, <b>d</b> calbindin, <b>e</b> synaptophysin, <b>f</b> SMI31. <b>a</b> Case 6: fine vacuolation surrounding neurons. <b>b</b> Case 1: myelinated fibers separate individual neurons and their surrounding vacuoles. <b>c</b>, <b>d</b> Cases 6, 1: some vacuoles are decorated by antibody; <b>e</b> Case 2: concentration of vesicles (<i>dots</i>) indicates high synaptic density on soma and dendrites of surviving neuron. <b>f</b> Case 1: thickened axons in hilus of dentate nucleus. <i>Marker bars</i> = 100 μm</div>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<p> Fig. 9 </p>
|
||
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Cerebellar cyst, case 5. <b> a… </b> </p></div>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 9 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Cerebellar cyst, case 5. <b> a </b> Vimentin, <b> c </b> HLA-DR. <b> a </b> Collapsed cyst seamed by… </p></div>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 9
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Cerebellar cyst, case 5. <b>a</b> Vimentin, <b>c</b> HLA-DR. <b>a</b> Collapsed cyst seamed by astroglial reaction. <b>b</b> T1-weighted axial image of posterior fossa of patient at 1 month age shows the cysts in expanded state. <b>c</b> Macrophage reaction on the inside of the cyst</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
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|
||
<p> Fig. 10 </p>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Regressive changes, case 3. Stains:… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 10 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Regressive changes, case 3. Stains: <b> a </b> GFAP, <b> b </b> HLA-DR, <b> c </b> double labeling for… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 10
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Regressive changes, case 3. Stains: <b>a</b> GFAP, <b>b</b> HLA-DR, <b>c</b> double labeling for HLA-DR (<i>green</i>) and ubiquitine (<i>red</i>), confocal laser microscopy, <b>d</b> ubiquitin. <b>a</b> Transverse cerebellar section with cortical and subcortical gliosis, loss of the subcortical and central cerebellar structure, in part cystic, broken cortical lining in places suggest segmental lesions similar to other cases before ultimate decay; <b>b</b> abundance of reactive macrophages, predominantly in and surrounding blood vessels with thickened vessel walls; <b>c</b> ubiquitin is mostly restricted to vessel wall and macrophages are partly positive for ubiquitin; <b>d</b> neuron of nucleus magnus raphes (pontine tegmentum) with cytoplasmic inclusion and positivity extending into the neurite. <i>Marker bars</i>: <b>b</b> = 200 μm, <b>c</b> = 50 μm</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
||
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
<p> Fig. 11 </p>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Inferior olivary nucleus. Stains: <b> a… </b> </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
<p> Fig. 11 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Inferior olivary nucleus. Stains: <b> a </b> – <b> c </b> MAP-2, <b> d </b> vimentin. case 6 and… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figcaption id="figure-caption-10" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 11
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Inferior olivary nucleus. Stains: <b>a</b>–<b>c</b> MAP-2, <b>d</b> vimentin. case 6 and 5: segmental loss of inferior olivary nucleus with intact dorsal (<b>a</b>) and medial (<b>b</b>) accessory nuclei. <b>c</b> Case 3. Complete loss of nucleus, including accessory nuclei, only sparse isolated neurons remaining, indicated by <i>arrowheads</i>; <i>inset</i> shows magnified solitary olivary neuron. <b>d</b> Case 3. Outline of lost lateral leaf reveals mature folding. <i>Marker bars</i> = 0.5 mm</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
<p> Fig. 12 </p>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> OPCH, case 7. Stains: <b> a… </b> </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
||
<p> Fig. 12 </p>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> OPCH, case 7. Stains: <b> a </b> , <b> e </b> synaptophysin, <b> b </b> vimentin, <b> c </b> , <b> d… </b> </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
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<strong class="figure-label">
|
||
Fig. 12
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">OPCH, case 7. Stains: <b>a</b>, <b>e</b> synaptophysin, <b>b</b> vimentin, <b>c</b>, <b>d</b>, <b>f</b> MAP-2. <b>a</b> Whole mount transverse section of cerebellum and medulla oblongata: denuded hemispheric cerebellar cortex and striking preservation of nodulus and flocculi. <b>b</b> Hemispheric cortex lined by a single row of fibrous astrocytes. <b>c</b> “Empty” cerebellar cortex, <i>arrows</i> indicate some remaining neurons. <b>d</b> Higher magnification of c, <i>arrowhead</i> indicates bipolar neuron, possibly basket cell; <i>arrow</i> indicates malpositioned Purkinje cell. <b>e</b> Overview of cerebellar hemisphere, <i>arrows</i> at residues of dentate nucleus. <b>f</b> Single residual island of dentate nucleus with well-developed neurons. <i>Marker bars</i>: <b>b</b> 200 mμ, <b>c</b> 1 mm, <b>d</b> 100 mμ, <b>e</b> 1 mm, <b>f</b> 100 mμ</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<p> Fig. 13 </p>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> OPCH, case 7. Stain, synaptophysin.… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
||
<p> Fig. 13 </p>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> OPCH, case 7. Stain, synaptophysin. Medulla oblongata with olivary nuclei. Inferior olivary nucleus… </p></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
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Fig. 13
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">OPCH, case 7. Stain, synaptophysin. Medulla oblongata with olivary nuclei. Inferior olivary nucleus with complete lack of folding. Lateral and medial leaves with segmental defects. Medial accessory olive is preserved in its dorsal part and shows discontinuities in its ventral part. <i>Marker bar</i> 0.5 mm</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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||
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|
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Progress on pontocerebellar hypoplasia.
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<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
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<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Hevner RF.</span>
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<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Hevner RF.</span>
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<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Acta Neuropathol. 2007 Oct;114(4):401-2. doi: 10.1007/s00401-007-0282-x. Epub 2007 Aug 21.</span>
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<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Acta Neuropathol. 2007.</span>
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<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">17710422</span></span>
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<span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span>
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|
||
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2011.</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">21749694</span></span>
|
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<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
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<span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span>
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<div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;">
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<a class="docsum-title"
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TSEN54 mutations cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 5.
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
<div class="docsum-citation full-citation">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Namavar Y, Chitayat D, Barth PG, van Ruissen F, de Wissel MB, Poll-The BT, Silver R, Baas F.</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Namavar Y, et al.</span>
|
||
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Eur J Hum Genet. 2011 Jun;19(6):724-6. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.8. Epub 2011 Feb 2.</span>
|
||
<span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Eur J Hum Genet. 2011.</span>
|
||
|
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|
||
<span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">21368912</span></span>
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<span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span>
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References
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{'text': '', 'ref_index': 1, 'ids': [{'type': 'DOI', 'value': '10.1007/BF01957367', 'is_inner': False, 'url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01957367'}, {'type': 'PubMed', 'value': '7607282', 'is_inner': True, 'url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7607282/'}]}
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Aalfs CM, van den Berg H, Barth PG, Hennekam RCM (1995) The Høyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome: the fourth case of a separate entity with prenatal growth retardation, progressive pancytopenia and cerebellar hypoplasia. Eur J Pediatr 154:304–308
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{'text': '', 'ref_index': 1, 'ids': [{'type': 'DOI', 'value': '10.1007/s00401-004-0975-3', 'is_inner': False, 'url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-004-0975-3'}, {'type': 'PubMed', 'value': '15714316', 'is_inner': True, 'url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15714316/'}]}
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Aronica E, van Kempen AA, van der Heide M, Poll-The BT, van Slooten HJ, Troost D, Rozemuller-Kwakkel JM (2005) Congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia: a clinicopathological report of a newborn infant with cerebellar pathology. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 109:433–442
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{'text': '', 'ref_index': 1, 'ids': [{'type': 'DOI', 'value': '10.1007/BF00334450', 'is_inner': False, 'url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00334450'}, {'type': 'PubMed', 'value': '8480512', 'is_inner': True, 'url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8480512/'}]}
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Albrecht S, Schneider MC, Belmont J, Armstrong DL (1993) Fatal infantile encephalopathy with olivopontocerebellar hypoplasia and micrencephaly. Acta Neuropathol 85:394–399
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{'text': '', 'ref_index': 1, 'ids': [{'type': 'PubMed', 'value': '7791950', 'is_inner': True, 'url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7791950/'}]}
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Arts WFM, Hofstee Y, Drejer GF, Beverstock GC, Oosterwijk JC (1995) Cerebellar and brainstem hypoplasia in a child with a partial monosomy for the short arm of chromosome 5 and partial trisomy for the short arm of chromosome 10. Neuropediatrics 26:41–44
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{'text': '', 'ref_index': 1, 'ids': [{'type': 'DOI', 'value': '10.1016/0022-510X(90)90096-6', 'is_inner': False, 'url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(90)90096-6'}, {'type': 'PubMed', 'value': '2370559', 'is_inner': True, 'url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2370559/'}]}
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Barth PG, Vrensen GFJM, Uylings HBM, Oorthuys JWE, Stam FC (1990) Inherited syndrome of microcephaly, dyskinesia and pontocerebellar hypoplasia: a systemic atrophy with early onset. J Neurol Sci 97:25–42
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|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Child"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Child"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Child, Preschool"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Child, Preschool
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Child, Preschool"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Child%2C+Preschool%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Child%2C+Preschool%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Child, Preschool"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Child, Preschool">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Child%2C+Preschool"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Child, Preschool">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Child, Preschool"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Child, Preschool"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Female"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Female
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Female"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Female"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Female">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Female">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Female"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Female"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Humans"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Humans
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Humans"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Humans">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Humans">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Humans"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Humans"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Infant"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Infant
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Infant"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Infant%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Infant%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Infant"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Infant">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Infant"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Infant">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Infant"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Infant"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Infant, Newborn"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Infant, Newborn
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Infant, Newborn"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Infant%2C+Newborn%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Infant%2C+Newborn%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Infant, Newborn"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Infant, Newborn">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Infant%2C+Newborn"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Infant, Newborn">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Infant, Newborn"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Infant, Newborn"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Male"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Male
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Male"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Male"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Male">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Male">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Male"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Male"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies / pathology*"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-11"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies / pathology*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-11"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies / pathology*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Olivopontocerebellar+Atrophies%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Olivopontocerebellar+Atrophies%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies/pathology"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies / pathology*">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Olivopontocerebellar+Atrophies"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies / pathology*">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies/pathology"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies/pathology"[MAJR]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Pedigree"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-12"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Pedigree
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-12"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Pedigree"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Pedigree%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Pedigree%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Pedigree"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Pedigree">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Pedigree"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Pedigree">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Pedigree"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Pedigree"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Pons / abnormalities*"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-13"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Pons / abnormalities*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-13"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Pons / abnormalities*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Pons%2Fabnormalities%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Pons%2Fabnormalities%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Pons/abnormalities"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Pons / abnormalities*">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Pons"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Pons / abnormalities*">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Pons/abnormalities"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Pons/abnormalities"[MAJR]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Pons / pathology*"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-14"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Pons / pathology*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-14"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Pons / pathology*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Pons%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Pons%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Pons/pathology"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
||
data-ga-label="Pons / pathology*">
|
||
Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Pons"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
||
data-ga-label="Pons / pathology*">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Pons/pathology"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Pons/pathology"[MAJR]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="related-links" class="related-links">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Related information
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="related-links-list"><li><a title="PubMed links associated with Books" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books?linkname=pubmed_books_refs&from_uid=17641900"
|
||
ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=17641900&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1">
|
||
Cited in Books
|
||
</a></li><li><a title="Clinical variations associated with publication" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar?linkname=pubmed_clinvar&from_uid=17641900"
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