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<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
Format:
</label>
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
</div>
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
</div>
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="send">
Send email
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="collections-action-panel"
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to Collections
</h3>
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="nimpybyaKBzzpQ7G4rqWcrxjFf32aT1BE56ub11wkcm3jhdwHK3YGz3XdjLe3uzV">
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
</li>
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="controls-wrapper">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label>
<input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="create_collection"
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Name must be less than 100 characters
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
Choose a collection:
</label>
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="select_collection"
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
</select>
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="add">
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to My Bibliography
</h3>
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="nimpybyaKBzzpQ7G4rqWcrxjFf32aT1BE56ub11wkcm3jhdwHK3YGz3XdjLe3uzV">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
<div class="choice-group">
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
<li>
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore>
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="mybib"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your saved search
</h2>
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="nimpybyaKBzzpQ7G4rqWcrxjFf32aT1BE56ub11wkcm3jhdwHK3YGz3XdjLe3uzV">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of saved search:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
type="text"
name="saved-search-name"
id="saved-search-name"
class="saved-search-name"
value=""
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Search terms:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
</div>
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
</div>
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
Would you like email updates of new search results?
</span>
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
</li>
<li>
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
</li>
</ul>
</fieldset>
</div>
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label class="action-panel-label">
Email:
</label>
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
Frequency:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
<option value="day">The first day</option>
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
Report format:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
Send at most:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
<option value="1">1 item</option>
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
<option value="10">10 items</option>
<option value="20">20 items</option>
<option value="50">50 items</option>
<option value="100">100 items</option>
<option value="200">200 items</option>
</select>
</div>
<div>
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
Send even when there aren't any new results
</label>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
Optional text in email:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
id="saved-search-email-text"
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Saving..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Save
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Create a file for external citation management software
</h2>
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
class="action-panel-content action-form"
action="/results-export-ids/"
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
method="post"
data-by-search-method="post"
data-by-ids-method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="nimpybyaKBzzpQ7G4rqWcrxjFf32aT1BE56ub11wkcm3jhdwHK3YGz3XdjLe3uzV">
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="save">
Create file
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your RSS Feed
</h2>
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
data-search-form-term-value="">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="nimpybyaKBzzpQ7G4rqWcrxjFf32aT1BE56ub11wkcm3jhdwHK3YGz3XdjLe3uzV">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of RSS Feed:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
placeholder="Name"
type="text"
name="rss-name"
id="rss-name"
class="rss-name"
value=''
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
Number of items displayed:
</label>
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
<option value="5">5</option>
<option value="10">10</option>
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
<option value="20">20</option>
<option value="50">50</option>
<option value="100">100</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Creating..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Create RSS
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
<button
type="button"
disabled
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="rss"
data-ga-label="copy">
Copy
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="35869170">
<aside class="page-sidebar">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<div class="full-text-links">
<div class="full-view">
<h3 class="title">
Full text links
</h3>
<div class="full-text-links-list">
<a class="link-item
dialog-focus"
href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00277-022-04903-x"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=3055&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=35869170&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=9107334"
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Springer
</span></a><a class="link-item
pmc
"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/35869170/"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=True&amp;PrId=3494&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=35869170&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=9107334"
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="PMC"
data-ga-label="35869170"
><span class="text">
Free PMC article
</span></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="short-view">
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
Full text links
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="cite"
data-ga-label="open"
data-all-citations-url="/35869170/citations/"
data-citation-style="nlm"
data-pubmed-format-link="/35869170/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="35869170" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_button"
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F35869170%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
class="dialog collections-dialog"
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="nimpybyaKBzzpQ7G4rqWcrxjFf32aT1BE56ub11wkcm3jhdwHK3YGz3XdjLe3uzV"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label><input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="create_collection"
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<h1 class="heading-title">
Inhibition of C3 with pegcetacoplan results in normalization of hemolysis markers in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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Inhibition of C3 with pegcetacoplan results in normalization of hemolysis markers in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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<span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Raymond S M Wong</span><span class="citation-separator">&nbsp;et al.</span></span>
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<p>
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired hematologic disorder characterized by complement-mediated hemolysis. C5 inhibitors (eculizumab/ravulizumab) control intravascular hemolysis but do not prevent residual extravascular hemolysis. The newly approved complement inhibitor, pegcetacoplan, inhibits C3, upstream of C5, and has the potential to improve control of complement-mediated hemolysis. The PADDOCK and PALOMINO clinical trials assessed the safety and efficacy of pegcetacoplan in complement inhibitor-naïve adults (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with PNH. Patients in PADDOCK (phase 1b open-label, pilot trial) received daily subcutaneous pegcetacoplan (cohort 1: 180 mg up to day 28 [n = 3]; cohort 2: 270-360 mg up to day 365 [n = 20]). PALOMINO (phase 2a, open-label trial) used the same dosing protocol as PADDOCK cohort 2 (n = 4). Primary endpoints in both trials were mean change from baseline in hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, haptoglobin, and the number and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events. Mean baseline hemoglobin levels were below the lower limit of normal in both trials (PADDOCK: 8.38 g/dL; PALOMINO: 7.73 g/dL; normal range: 11.90-18.00 g/dL), increased to within normal range by day 85, and were sustained through day 365 (PADDOCK: 12.14 g/dL; PALOMINO: 13.00 g/dL). In PADDOCK, 3 serious adverse events (SAE) led to study drug discontinuation, 1 of which was deemed likely related to pegcetacoplan and 1 SAE, not deemed related to study drug, led to death. No SAE led to discontinuation/death in PALOMINO. Pegcetacoplan was generally well tolerated and improved hematological parameters by controlling hemolysis, while also improving other clinical PNH indicators in both trials. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (<a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02588833" title="See in ClinicalTrials.gov">NCT02588833</a> and <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03593200" title="See in ClinicalTrials.gov">NCT03593200</a>).
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Keywords:
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Hemoglobin; LDH; Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH); Phase I/II trials; Quality of life; Safety.
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<p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one"> <ol style="list-style-type:disc"><li><p>Raymond S. M. Wong: Alexion: consultancy, honoraria, research funding, and speakers bureau; Apellis: research funding and speakers bureau; Roche: consultancy, honoraria, research funding, and speakers bureau</p></li><li><p>Humphrey W. H. Pullon: none</p></li><li><p>Ismail Amine: is a full-time employee of Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital.</p></li><li><p>Andrija Bogdanovic: Novartis: consultancy, membership on an entitys board of directors or advisory committees, and speakers bureau; Takeda: membership on an entitys board of directors or advisory committees, and speakers bureau; Pfizer: membership on an entitys board of directors or advisory committees; Apellis: investigator fee in clinical trial</p></li><li><p>Pascal Deschatelets is an inventor on patents (planned, issued, or pending) and is the founder and CSO of Apellis Pharmaceuticals.</p></li><li><p>Cedric G. Francois is an inventor on patents (planned, issued, or pending) and the founder and CEO of Apellis Pharmaceuticals.</p></li><li><p>Kalina Ignatova: None</p></li><li><p>Surapol Issaragrisil: Alexion: speakers bureau; Novartis: speakers bureau</p></li><li><p>Pimjai Niparuck: none</p></li><li><p>Tontanai Numbenjapon: none</p></li><li><p>Eloy Roman: Alexion: speakers bureau; Novartis: speakers bureau</p></li><li><p>Jameela Sathar: Roche: honoraria; Novo Nordisk: honoraria; Bayer: honoraria</p></li><li><p>Raymond Xu is a full-time employee of Apellis Pharmaceuticals.</p></li><li><p>Mohammed Al-Adhami is a full-time employee of Apellis Pharmaceuticals.</p></li><li><p>Lisa Tan as a consultant and is an inventor on patents (planned, issued, or pending) for Apellis Pharmaceuticals.</p></li><li><p>Eric Tse: MSD: research funding; Janssen: research funding</p></li><li><p>Federico V. Grossi is an inventor on patents (planned, issued, or pending) and is the CMO of Apellis Pharmaceuticals.</p></li></ol></p>
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<div class="figures" id="figures">
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Figures
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<p> Fig. 1 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Study design and disposition for… </p></div>
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<p> Fig. 1 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Study design and disposition for PADDOCK and PALOMINO. <b> A </b> Study design and endpoints… </p></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Study design and disposition for PADDOCK and PALOMINO. <b>A</b> Study design and endpoints investigated; subjects in the PADDOCK trial could participate in cohort 1 and cohort 2. One subject participated in both cohorts. Cohort 1: daily subcutaneous 180 mg pegcetacoplan (<i>n</i>=3). Cohort 2: daily subcutaneous 270360 mg pegcetacoplan (<i>n</i>=20) was initiated after the Safety and Monitoring Committee had determined that pegcetacoplan has an acceptable safety and tolerability profile in cohort 1. Clinical benefit was evaluated throughout the trial and if a patient did not experience PNH symptom improvement, the subject would be withdrawn from the study and entered the follow-up period (Part 3). <b>B</b> CONSORT diagram for PADDOCK and PALOMINO. <i>Asterisk</i>: Subjects who transitioned to either the extension study or Part 2C completed the day 365 visit for Part 3 while continuing to receive pegcetacoplan. For these subjects, the day 365 visit was also the first visit of the open-label extension study or Part 2C and these subjects did not complete Part 3. <i>Dagger</i>: All subjects were offered to enroll in an extension study and the majority of subjects chose to continue</div>
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<p> Fig. 2 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Primary endpoint findings and hematologic… </p></div>
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<p> Fig. 2 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Primary endpoint findings and hematologic improvements over time in subjects with PNH treated… </p></div>
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Fig. 2
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Primary endpoint findings and hematologic improvements over time in subjects with PNH treated with pegcetacoplan. <b>A</b> Primary endpoints for the PADDOCK and PALOMINO studies; mean (SD) change from baseline at day 365 in hemoglobin, LDH, and haptoglobin levels.<b> B</b> Pegcetacoplan rapidly reduced hemoglobin levels. Mean hemoglobin levels over time are depicted for cohort 2 of the PADDOCK trial and all 4 PALOMINO subjects. The blue shaded area indicates the normal range of hemoglobin levels with the bottom of the shaded area depicting the lower limit of normal (LLN) for female patients [NRR: females 11.916]. Smaller dashes on the <i>x</i>-axis indicate additional time points investigated (days 15, 22, 36, 43, and 71), which were left off the <i>x</i>-axis to not overcrowd the axis. <i>N</i>s for both trials are listed immediately above the <i>x</i>-axis. <b>C</b> Pegcetacoplan dosing rapidly reduced LDH levels. Mean LDH levels over time are depicted for cohort 2 of the PADDOCK trial and all 4 PALOMINO subjects. The <i>y</i>-axis is split to better show differences at lower LDH levels. The blue shaded area depicts the normal range 113226 U/L for LDH with the ULN, LLN, and 1.5×ULN (339 U/L) marked. Slight increases in mean LDH levels on day 225 in the PADDOCK trial were due to 3 patients that experienced an increase in LDH levels on this day. One of these patients continued to exhibit elevated LDH levels on day 309 and day 337. These LDH increases most likely result from the patients experiencing adverse events, or serious adverse events such as the abdominal neoplasm and hemolysis during these study days. LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LLN, lower limit of normal; NRR, normal reference range; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error, ULN, upper limit of normal</div>
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<p> Fig. 3 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Other biochemical indicators of hemolysis… </p></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
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<p> Fig. 3 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Other biochemical indicators of hemolysis over time in subjects with PNH treated with… </p></div>
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Fig. 3
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Other biochemical indicators of hemolysis over time in subjects with PNH treated with pegcetacoplan. <b>A</b> ARC rapidly decreased upon pegcetacoplan dosing. Mean ARC are depicted for cohort 2 of the PADDOCK trial and all 4 PALOMINO subjects. Blue shaded area depicts the normal range: 10110×10.<sup>9</sup> cells/L with the ULN and LLN marked. <b>B</b> Pegcetacoplan dosing rapidly decreased the total bilirubin levels in both PADDOCK (cohort 2) and PALOMINO (all 4 subjects) trials. Blue shaded area indicates the normal range: 320 μmol/L with ULN and LLN marked. Smaller dashes on the <i>x</i>-axis indicate additional time points investigated (days 15, 22, 36, 43, and 71), which were left off the <i>x</i>-axis to not overcrowd the axis. <i>N</i>s for both trials are listed immediately above the <i>x</i>-axis. ARC, absolute reticulocyte count; LLN, lower limit of normal; SE, standard error; ULN, upper limit of normal</div>
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<p> Fig. 4 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Mean Functional Assessment of Chronic… </p></div>
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<p> Fig. 4 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Mean Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-Fatigue scores over time in subjects… </p></div>
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Fig. 4
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Mean Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-Fatigue scores over time in subjects with PNH treated with pegcetacoplan. Mean FACIT-Fatigue scores are depicted for cohort 2 of the PADDOCK trial and all 4 PALOMINO subjects. Both PADDOCK and PALOMINO mean scores were below the population norm (43.6; gray dotted line) [35] at baseline, but rapidly increased to within or above the population norm. Both trials demonstrate a greater than 3-point increase in the FACIT-Fatigue score, which is considered clinically meaningful [35]. <i>N</i>s for both trials are listed immediately above the <i>x</i>-axis. FACIT, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy; SE, standard error</div>
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<p> Fig. 5 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Pegcetacoplan improves hemolysis markers in… </p></div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Fig. 5 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Pegcetacoplan improves hemolysis markers in patients with PNH. <b> A </b> The complement cascade and… </p></div>
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Fig. 5
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Pegcetacoplan improves hemolysis markers in patients with PNH. <b>A</b> The complement cascade and location of pegcetacoplan inhibition at the level of C3 and its downstream effects. <b>B</b> Summarized results from baseline to the 1-year endpoint for specific safety events as well as hemoglobin levels. The thrombosis, red blood cell (RBC) lysis, and hemoglobin icons were created using biorender.com. Footnotes: <sup>1</sup>Adverse event of special interest; <sup>2</sup>treatment-emergent adverse event. SAE, serious adverse event; TEAE, treatment-emergent adverse event</div>
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Paquette RL, Yoshimura R, Veiseh C, Kunkel L, Gajewski J, Rosen PJ. Clinical characteristics predict response to antithymocyte globulin in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Br J Haematol. 1997;96(1):9297. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.d01-1984.x.
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