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<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
From:
</label>
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
Format:
</label>
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
</div>
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
</div>
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="send">
Send email
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="collections-action-panel"
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to Collections
</h3>
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="WDjB5dMvDyciKD9uKwGTmeDfuU4AqT9Idq3GI3fRd9ZME4fknPjVQm9T2YMMjuH2">
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
</li>
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="controls-wrapper">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label>
<input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="create_collection"
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Name must be less than 100 characters
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
Choose a collection:
</label>
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="select_collection"
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
</select>
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="add">
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to My Bibliography
</h3>
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="WDjB5dMvDyciKD9uKwGTmeDfuU4AqT9Idq3GI3fRd9ZME4fknPjVQm9T2YMMjuH2">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
<div class="choice-group">
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
<li>
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore>
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="mybib"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your saved search
</h2>
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="WDjB5dMvDyciKD9uKwGTmeDfuU4AqT9Idq3GI3fRd9ZME4fknPjVQm9T2YMMjuH2">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of saved search:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
type="text"
name="saved-search-name"
id="saved-search-name"
class="saved-search-name"
value=""
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Search terms:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
</div>
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
</div>
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
Would you like email updates of new search results?
</span>
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
</li>
<li>
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
</li>
</ul>
</fieldset>
</div>
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label class="action-panel-label">
Email:
</label>
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
Frequency:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
<option value="day">The first day</option>
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
Report format:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
Send at most:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
<option value="1">1 item</option>
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
<option value="10">10 items</option>
<option value="20">20 items</option>
<option value="50">50 items</option>
<option value="100">100 items</option>
<option value="200">200 items</option>
</select>
</div>
<div>
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
Send even when there aren't any new results
</label>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
Optional text in email:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
id="saved-search-email-text"
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Saving..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Save
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Create a file for external citation management software
</h2>
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
class="action-panel-content action-form"
action="/results-export-ids/"
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
method="post"
data-by-search-method="post"
data-by-ids-method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="WDjB5dMvDyciKD9uKwGTmeDfuU4AqT9Idq3GI3fRd9ZME4fknPjVQm9T2YMMjuH2">
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="save">
Create file
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your RSS Feed
</h2>
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
data-search-form-term-value="">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="WDjB5dMvDyciKD9uKwGTmeDfuU4AqT9Idq3GI3fRd9ZME4fknPjVQm9T2YMMjuH2">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of RSS Feed:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
placeholder="Name"
type="text"
name="rss-name"
id="rss-name"
class="rss-name"
value=''
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
Number of items displayed:
</label>
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
<option value="5">5</option>
<option value="10">10</option>
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
<option value="20">20</option>
<option value="50">50</option>
<option value="100">100</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Creating..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Create RSS
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
<button
type="button"
disabled
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="rss"
data-ga-label="copy">
Copy
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="25592337">
<aside class="page-sidebar">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<div class="full-text-links">
<div class="full-view">
<h3 class="title">
Full text links
</h3>
<div class="full-text-links-list">
<a class="link-item
dialog-focus"
href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1525-0016(16)30107-1"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=3048&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=25592337&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=100890581"
title="See full text options at Elsevier Science"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="Elsevier Science"
data-ga-label="25592337"
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-images-celloa.png" alt="Elsevier Science full text link"><span class="text">
Elsevier Science
</span></a><a class="link-item
pmc
"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/25592337/"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=True&amp;PrId=3494&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=25592337&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=100890581"
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="PMC"
data-ga-label="25592337"
><span class="text">
Free PMC article
</span></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="short-view">
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
Full text links
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="cite"
data-ga-label="open"
data-all-citations-url="/25592337/citations/"
data-citation-style="nlm"
data-pubmed-format-link="/25592337/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="25592337" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_button"
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F25592337%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
class="dialog collections-dialog"
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="WDjB5dMvDyciKD9uKwGTmeDfuU4AqT9Idq3GI3fRd9ZME4fknPjVQm9T2YMMjuH2"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label><input
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X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a devastating neurological disorder caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene that encodes a peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCD1) responsible for transport of CoA-activated very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) into the peroxisome for degradation. We used recombinant adenoassociated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9) vector for delivery of the human ABCD1 gene (ABCD1) to mouse central nervous system (CNS). In vitro, efficient delivery of ABCD1 gene was achieved in primary mixed brain glial cells from Abcd1-/- mice as well as X-ALD patient fibroblasts. Importantly, human ABCD1 localized to the peroxisome, and AAV-ABCD1 transduction showed a dose-dependent effect in reducing VLCFA. In vivo, AAV9-ABCD1 was delivered to Abcd1-/- mouse CNS by either stereotactic intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intravenous (IV) injections. Astrocytes, microglia and neurons were the major target cell types following ICV injection, while IV injection also delivered to microvascular endothelial cells and oligodendrocytes. IV injection also yielded high transduction of the adrenal gland. Importantly, IV injection of AAV9-ABCD1 reduced VLCFA in mouse brain and spinal cord. We conclude that AAV9-mediated ABCD1 gene transfer is able to reach target cells in the nervous system and adrenal gland as well as reduce VLCFA in culture and a mouse model of X-ALD.
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data-pmc-id="PMC4427888"
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<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
id="article-image-0"
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<p> Figure 1 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> rAAV9-mediated ABCD1 expression in mixed… </b></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 1 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> rAAV9-mediated ABCD1 expression in mixed brain glial cell culture from <i> Abcd1 </i> / mice.… </b></div>
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
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Figure 1
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>rAAV9-mediated ABCD1 expression in mixed brain glial cell culture from <i>Abcd1</i>/ mice.</b> (<b>a</b>) Immunofluorescence staining of hABCD1 (red) in brain glial cell culture (from <i>Abcd1</i>/ mouse) after 2.5×10<sup>5</sup> and 5×10<sup>5</sup> gc/cell rAAV9<i>-ABCD1</i> transduction <i>in vitro</i>. (<b>b</b>) Western blot showing hABCD1 protein expression in mixed brain glial cell culture (from <i>Abcd1</i>/ mice) after 1.25×10<sup>5</sup> gc/cell rAAV9-<i>ABCD1</i> transduction <i>in vitro</i>. (<b>c</b>) Confocal imaging of hABCD1 (red) and catalase (green) staining in mixed brain glial cell culture (from <i>Abcd1</i>/ mice) after 5×10<sup>5</sup> gc/cell rAAV9<i>-ABCD1</i> transduction.</div>
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<p> Figure 2 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> rAAV- <i> ABCD1 </i> reduces VLCFA level… </b></div>
</div>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 2 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> rAAV- <i> ABCD1 </i> reduces VLCFA level in mixed brain glial cell culture from <i> Abcd1… </i> </b></div>
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Figure 2
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>rAAV-<i>ABCD1</i> reduces VLCFA level in mixed brain glial cell culture from <i>Abcd1</i>/ mice.</b> (<b>a</b>) C26:0LPC level, (<b>b</b>) C26/C22LPC ratio, and (<b>c</b>) C24/C22LPC ratio of mixed brain glial cell culture after different doses rAAV9<i>-ABCD1</i> transduction. (<b>d</b>) Survival rate measurement after different doses rAAV9<i>-ABCD1</i> and rAAV9<i>-GFP</i> transduction. (<b>e</b>) Morphologyy of mixed brain cell cultures from (<i>Abcd1</i>/ mice) after different doses of rAAV9<i>-ABCD1</i> transduction. Data were expressed as means ± SEM. *<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05, **<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01, ***<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001.</div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 3 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> rAAV- <i> ABCD1 </i> reduces VLCFA level… </b></div>
</div>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 3 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> rAAV- <i> ABCD1 </i> reduces VLCFA level in human X-ALD fibroblasts. </b> ( <b> a </b> ) Western…</div>
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Figure 3
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>rAAV-<i>ABCD1</i> reduces VLCFA level in human X-ALD fibroblasts.</b> (<b>a</b>) Western blot showing hABCD1 protein expression in normal and X-ALD patient fibroblast after 5×10<sup>5</sup> gc/cell rAAV2-<i>ABCD1</i> transduction <i>in vitro</i>. PBS or rAAV2-firefly luciferase (Fluc) treated cultures served as control. (<b>b</b>) Immunofluoresence staining of hABCD1 (red) in X-ALD patient fibroblast after 5×10<sup>3</sup>, 5×10<sup>4</sup>, and 5×10<sup>5</sup> gc/cell rAAV2<i>-ABCD1</i> transduction. (<b>c</b>) C26:0LPC level, (<b>d</b>) C26/C22 LPC ratio, and (<b>e</b>) C24/C22LPC ratio of X-ALD fibroblast after different doses of rAAV2<i>-ABCD1</i> transduction <i>in vitro</i>. Data were expressed as means ± SEM. *<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05, **<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01, ***<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001.</div>
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<p> Figure 4 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> rAAV9-mediated hABCD1 expression in <i> Abcd1… </i> </b></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 4 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> rAAV9-mediated hABCD1 expression in <i> Abcd1 </i> / mouse brain and spinal cord via both… </b></div>
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
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Figure 4
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>rAAV9-mediated hABCD1 expression in <i>Abcd1</i>/ mouse brain and spinal cord via both intracerebroventricular (ICV) and intravascular (IV) injection.</b> (<b>a</b>) mRNA expression of <i>Abcd1</i> in spinal cord tissue from both WT and <i>Abcd1</i>/ mice. (<b>b</b>) hABCD1 expression in mouse brain, spinal cord and liver after intracerebroventricular (ICV) and intravascular (IV) delivery of rAAV9<i>-ABCD1</i> into <i>Abcd1</i>/ mice. (<b>c</b>,<b>e</b>) Confocal imaging showing hABCD1 expression (red) through the whole brain after (<b>c</b>) 1×10<sup>11</sup> gc rAAV9<i>-ABCD1</i> ICV injection and (<b>e</b>) 1×10<sup>12</sup> gc rAAV9<i>-ABCD1</i> IV injection. Some major structures were marked out as corpus callosum (CC), left ventricle (LV), third ventricle (V3), striatum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus and cerebellum. (<b>d</b>,<b>f</b>) Confocal imaging showing hABCD1 expression (red) through the spinal cord after (<b>d</b>) 1×10<sup>11</sup> gc rAAV9<i>-ABCD1</i> ICV injection and (<b>f</b>) 1×10<sup>12</sup> gc rAAV9<i>-ABCD1</i> IV injection. (<b>g</b>) Western blot shows hABCD1 expression in different organs after 1×10<sup>12</sup> gc rAAV9<i>-ABCD1</i> IV injection (<i>n</i> = 12 for ICV and <i>n</i> = 6 for IV). Due to the high expression levels in peripheral organs, the brain and spinal cord ABCD1 bands are underexposed in contrast to <b>b</b>.</div>
</figcaption>
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<p> Figure 5 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Colocalization of hABCD1 in different… </b></div>
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<p> Figure 5 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Colocalization of hABCD1 in different CNS cell types after intracerebroventricular (ICV) delivery. </b> Upper…</div>
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Figure 5
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Colocalization of hABCD1 in different CNS cell types after intracerebroventricular (ICV) delivery.</b> Upper brain: (<b>a</b><b>j</b>) Confocal imaging showing GFAP (green) and hABCD1 (red) staining in astrocytes at both (<b>a</b>) low and (<b>f</b>) high magnification; IBA1 (green) and hABCD1 (red) in microglia at both (<b>b</b>) low and (<b>g</b>) high magnification; Olig2 (green) and hABCD1 (red) in oligodendrocyte lineage at both (<b>c</b>) low and (<b>h</b>) high magnification; von Willebrand (green) and ABCD1 (red) in endothelial cells at both (<b>d</b>) low and (<b>i</b>) high magnification; ABCD1 (red) in neurons at (<b>e</b>) low and (<b>j</b>) high magnification following 1×10<sup>11</sup> gc ICV injection into <i>Abcd1</i>/ mice. Below-spinal cord: (<b>k</b><b>r</b>) Confocal imaging showing GFAP (green) and hABCD1 (red) staining in spinal cord astrocytes at both (<b>k</b>) low and (<b>o</b>) high magnification; IBA1 (green) and hABCD1 (red) in spinal cord microglia at both (<b>l</b>) low and (<b>p</b>) high magnification; Olig2 (green) and hABCD1 (red) in spinal cord oligodendrocyte lineage at both (<b>m</b>) low and (<b>q</b>) high magnification; von Willebrand (green) and ABCD1 (red) in brain vessel at both (<b>n</b>) low and (<b>r</b>) high magnification; (<b>p</b>) hABCD1 (red) in neuron indicated with white long arrow, following 1×10<sup>11</sup> gc ICV injection into <i>Abcd1</i>/ mice.</div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 6 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Colocalization of hABCD1 in different… </b></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 6 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Colocalization of hABCD1 in different CNS cell types after intravascular (IV) delivery. </b> Upper…</div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
Figure 6
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Colocalization of hABCD1 in different CNS cell types after intravascular (IV) delivery.</b> Upper brain: (<b>a</b><b>j</b>) Confocal imaging showing GFAP (green) and hABCD1 (red) in astrocytes at both (<b>a</b>) low and (<b>f</b>) high magnification; IBA1 (green) and hABCD1 (red) in microglia at both (<b>b</b>) low and (<b>g</b>) high magnification; Olig2 (green) and hABCD1 (red) in oligodendrocyte lineage at both (<b>c</b>) low and (<b>h</b>) high magnification; von Willebrand (green) and ABCD1 (red) in endothelial cells at both (<b>d</b>) low and (<b>i</b>) high magnification; hABCD1 (red) in neurons at (<b>e</b>) low and (<b>j</b>) high magnification, following 1×10<sup>12</sup> gc IV injection into <i>Abcd1</i>/ mice. Below-spinal cord: (<b>k-t</b>) Confocal imaging showing GFAP (green) and hABCD1 (red) staining in spinal cord astrocytes at both (<b>k</b>) low and (<b>p</b>) high magnification; IBA1 (green) and hABCD1 (red) in spinal cord microglia at both (<b>l</b>) low and (<b>q</b>) high magnification; Olig2 (green) and hABCD1 (red) in spinal cord oligodendrocyte lineage at both (<b>m</b>) low and (<b>r</b>) high magnification; von Willebrand (green) and hABCD1 (red) in spinal cord vessel at both (<b>n</b>) low and (<b>s</b>) high magnification; hABCD1 (red) in neurons at (<b>o</b>) low and (<b>t</b>) high magnification, following 1×10<sup>12</sup> gc IV injection into <i>Abcd1</i>/ mice.</div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 7 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Effect of rAAV9- <i> ABCD1 </i> on… </b></div>
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</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 7 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Effect of rAAV9- <i> ABCD1 </i> on VLCFA level and GPX-1 expression in CNS tissue.… </b></div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
Figure 7
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Effect of rAAV9-<i>ABCD1</i> on VLCFA level and GPX-1 expression in CNS tissue.</b> (<b>a</b>) C26/C22LPC ratio, (<b>b</b>) C26:0 fatty acid percentage in total fatty acid of brain and spinal cord tissue as well as (<b>c</b>) C26:0LPC level in plasma after 1×10<sup>11</sup> gc ICV and 1×10<sup>12</sup> gc IV injection with rAAV9<i>-ABCD</i>1. (<b>d</b>) Representative western blot imaging of GPX-1 expression in mouse spinal cord. (<b>e</b>) Quantification of protein expression by densitometry after normalization to β-actin by using Image J. Reductions in GPX-1 did not achieve statistical significance. Data were expressed as means ± SEM. *<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05, ***<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001.</div>
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Related information
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Grants and funding
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