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<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
Format:
</label>
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
</div>
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
</div>
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="send">
Send email
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="collections-action-panel"
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to Collections
</h3>
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7yH2kArzIfTcY7d2WbmpiAnmW4i4RIxUolr7XqUViQGGSyjSzuZrMIT0u80gKj5e">
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
</li>
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="controls-wrapper">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label>
<input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="create_collection"
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Name must be less than 100 characters
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
Choose a collection:
</label>
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="select_collection"
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
</select>
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="add">
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to My Bibliography
</h3>
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7yH2kArzIfTcY7d2WbmpiAnmW4i4RIxUolr7XqUViQGGSyjSzuZrMIT0u80gKj5e">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
<div class="choice-group">
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
<li>
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore>
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="mybib"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your saved search
</h2>
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7yH2kArzIfTcY7d2WbmpiAnmW4i4RIxUolr7XqUViQGGSyjSzuZrMIT0u80gKj5e">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of saved search:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
type="text"
name="saved-search-name"
id="saved-search-name"
class="saved-search-name"
value=""
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Search terms:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
</div>
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
</div>
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
Would you like email updates of new search results?
</span>
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
</li>
<li>
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
</li>
</ul>
</fieldset>
</div>
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label class="action-panel-label">
Email:
</label>
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
Frequency:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
<option value="day">The first day</option>
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
Report format:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
Send at most:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
<option value="1">1 item</option>
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
<option value="10">10 items</option>
<option value="20">20 items</option>
<option value="50">50 items</option>
<option value="100">100 items</option>
<option value="200">200 items</option>
</select>
</div>
<div>
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
Send even when there aren't any new results
</label>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
Optional text in email:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
id="saved-search-email-text"
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Saving..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Save
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Create a file for external citation management software
</h2>
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
class="action-panel-content action-form"
action="/results-export-ids/"
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
method="post"
data-by-search-method="post"
data-by-ids-method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7yH2kArzIfTcY7d2WbmpiAnmW4i4RIxUolr7XqUViQGGSyjSzuZrMIT0u80gKj5e">
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="save">
Create file
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your RSS Feed
</h2>
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
data-search-form-term-value="">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7yH2kArzIfTcY7d2WbmpiAnmW4i4RIxUolr7XqUViQGGSyjSzuZrMIT0u80gKj5e">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of RSS Feed:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
placeholder="Name"
type="text"
name="rss-name"
id="rss-name"
class="rss-name"
value=''
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
Number of items displayed:
</label>
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
<option value="5">5</option>
<option value="10">10</option>
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
<option value="20">20</option>
<option value="50">50</option>
<option value="100">100</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Creating..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Create RSS
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
<button
type="button"
disabled
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="rss"
data-ga-label="copy">
Copy
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="25387896">
<aside class="page-sidebar">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<div class="full-text-links">
<div class="full-view">
<h3 class="title">
Full text links
</h3>
<div class="full-text-links-list">
<a class="link-item
dialog-focus"
href="https://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-14-442"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
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BioMed Central
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pmc
"
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target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=True&amp;PrId=3494&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=25387896&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=101088661"
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Free PMC article
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<div class="short-view">
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
Full text links
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="cite"
data-ga-label="open"
data-all-citations-url="/25387896/citations/"
data-citation-style="nlm"
data-pubmed-format-link="/25387896/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="25387896" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_button"
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F25387896%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
class="dialog collections-dialog"
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="7yH2kArzIfTcY7d2WbmpiAnmW4i4RIxUolr7XqUViQGGSyjSzuZrMIT0u80gKj5e"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label><input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
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Abstract
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<p>
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Background:
</strong>
Vitamin C (VitC) has recently been shown to exert beneficial effects, including protecting organ function and inhibiting inflammation, in various critical care conditions, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, a heat shock protein, has been shown to prevent organ injuries in hemorrhagic shock (HS) but the relationship between VitC and HO-1 are still ill-defined so far. Here we conducted a systemic in vivo study to investigate if VitC promoted HO-1 expression in multiple organs, and then tested if the HO-1 induction property of VitC was related to its organ protection and anti-inflammatory effect.
</p>
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<strong class="sub-title">
Methods:
</strong>
Firstly, to determine the HO-1 induction property of VitC, the HO-1 level were measured in tissues including kidney, liver and lung of the normal and HS model of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after VitC treatment (100 mg/kg body weight). Secondly, to testify if VitC prevented HS related organ injuries via inducing HO-1, the HS model of rats were separately pre- and post-treated with VitC, and some of them also received Zinc protoporphyrin (Znpp), a specific HO-1 inhibitor. The HO-1 activity in tissues was tested; the organ injuries (as judged by histological changes in tissues and the biochemical indicators level in serum) and inflammatory response in tissues (as judged by the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines Tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-6 ) were analyzed.
</p>
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Results:
</strong>
The HO-1 mRNA and protein level in kidney, liver, and lung were highly induced by VitC treatement under normal and HS conditions. The HO-1 activity in tissues was enhanced by both VitC pre- and post-treatment, which was shown to improve the organ injuries and inhibit the inflammatory response in the HS model of rats. Of note, the beneficial effects of VitC were abolished after HO-1 activity was blocked by Znpp.
</p>
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Conclusions:
</strong>
VitC led to a profound induction of HO-1 in multiple organs including the kidney, liver and lung, and this property might be responsible for the organ protection and inflammation inhibitory effects of both pre- and post-treatment with VitC in HS.
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> HO-1 mRNA and protein expression… </b></div>
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<p> Figure 1 </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in tissues was highly induced under normal condition… </b></div>
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Figure 1
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in tissues was highly induced under normal condition by VitC. A)</b> HO-1 mRNA in the kidney <b>(a)</b>, liver <b>(b)</b>, and lung <b>(c)</b> are expressed relative to the level measured in the control animals. <b>B)</b> HO-1 protein expression in the kidney <b>(a)</b>, liver <b>(b)</b>, and lung <b>(c)</b> were detected using Western-blot. Each gel is representative of six independent experiments. Densitometric analysis was used to calculate the normalized protein ratio (HO-1 to β-actin). <b>C)</b> distribution of HO-1 protein in the kidney (<b>a</b>, <b>d</b>, scale bar: 200 μm), liver (<b>b</b>, <b>e</b>, scale bar: 100 μm), and lung (<b>c</b>, <b>f</b>, scale bar: 200 μm) were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The arrowheads indicate the HO-1-positive cells. Each image is representative of six independent experiments (n = 6). Tissue samples were collected at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after VitC treatment. Data represent the mean ± SEM. *<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 vs. the control. Control: normal saline-treated rats. V6h: the rats treated with VitC for 6 hrs.</div>
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<p> Figure 2 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> The increased HO-1 mRNA and… </b></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
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<p> Figure 2 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> The increased HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in tissues after HS were enhanced… </b></div>
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
Figure 2
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>The increased HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in tissues after HS were enhanced by VitC. A)</b> HO-1 mRNA in the kidney <b>(a)</b>, liver <b>(b)</b>, and lung <b>(c)</b> are expressed relative to the level measured in Sham group. <b>B)</b> HO-1 protein expression in the kidney <b>(a)</b>, liver <b>(b)</b>, and lung <b>(c)</b> were detected using Western-blot. Each gel is representative of six independent experiments. Densitometric analysis was used to calculate the normalized protein ratio (HO-1 to β-actin). Tissue samples were collected at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after HS operation. Data represents the mean ± SEM. *<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 vs. the Sham; <sup>#</sup>
<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 vs. the HS at the same time point. Sham: the rats which underwent sham operation and received normal saline (NS). HS: the rats which underwent HS operation and received NS. HSV<sub>-post</sub>: the rats which underwent HS operation and then received VitC immediately.</div>
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<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 3 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> HO-1 activity in tissues was… </b></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 3 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> HO-1 activity in tissues was enhanced by both VitC pre- and post-treatment. </b> Tissue…</div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
Figure 3
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>HO-1 activity in tissues was enhanced by both VitC pre- and post-treatment.</b> Tissue samples were separately removed at 0 and 12 hours after sham or HS operation for HO-1 activity assay. *<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 vs. the Sham at the same time point; **<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 vs. the ShamV; <sup>***</sup>
<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05 vs. the HS; <sup>****</sup>
<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05 vs. the HSV<sub>-post</sub>. Data represents the mean ± SEM, n = 6. Sham: the rats which received NS and underwent sham operation; ShamV: the rats which received VitC and underwent sham operation; ShamVZ: some ShamV rats further received ZnPP; HS: the rats which received NS and underwent HS operation; HSV<sub>-post</sub>: the rats which underwent HS operation and then received VitC immediately; HSV<sub>-post</sub>Z: some HSV<sub>-post</sub> rats further received ZnPP.</div>
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<p> Figure 4 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Both VitC pre- and post-treatment… </b></div>
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</div>
<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 4 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Both VitC pre- and post-treatment relieved histological damages through HO-1 induction. A) </b> representative…</div>
</div>
<figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
<strong class="figure-label">
Figure 4
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Both VitC pre- and post-treatment relieved histological damages through HO-1 induction. A)</b> representative light microscopy images of the kidney (<b>a</b>, <b>d</b>, <b>g</b>, <b>j</b>, <b>m</b>, <b>p</b>, <b>s</b>, scale bar: 200 μm), liver (<b>b</b>, <b>e</b>, <b>h</b>, <b>k</b>, <b>n</b>, <b>q</b>, <b>t</b>, scale bar: 100 μm), and lung (<b>c</b>, <b>f</b>, <b>I</b>, <b>l</b>, <b>o</b>, <b>r</b>, <b>u</b>, scale bar: 200 μm), which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. <b>B)</b> histological damage score of the kidney <b>(a)</b>, liver <b>(b)</b>, and lung <b>(c)</b>. Tissue samples were collected at 12 hours after the HS operation. Data represents the mean ± SEM, n = 6. *<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05 vs. the Sham; **<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05 vs. the HS; ***<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05 vs. the HSV<sub>-pre</sub>; ****<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05 vs. the HSV<sub>-post</sub>; <sup>$</sup>
<i>p</i>&gt;0.05 vs. the Sham. Sham: the rats which received NS and underwent sham operation. ShamV: the rats which received VitC and underwent sham operation. HS: the rats which underwent HS operation and received NS. HSV<sub>-pre</sub>: the rats which received VitC at 6 hours before HS operation. HSV<sub>-pre</sub>Z: some HSV<sub>-pre</sub> rats further received ZnPP. HSV<sub>-post:</sub> the rats which underwent HS operation and received VitC immediately. HSV<sub>-post</sub>Z: some HSV<sub>-post</sub> rats further received ZnPP.</div>
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<p> Figure 5 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Both VitC pre- and post-treatment… </b></div>
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<div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true">
<strong class="figure-label">
<p> Figure 5 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Both VitC pre- and post-treatment decreased the serum level of biochemical indicators through… </b></div>
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
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Figure 5
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Both VitC pre- and post-treatment decreased the serum level of biochemical indicators through HO-1 induction.</b> Serum level of biochemical indicators including ALT <b>(A)</b>, AST <b>(B)</b>, BUN <b>(C)</b>, Cre <b>(D)</b>, LDH <b>(E)</b>, and lactate <b>(F)</b> were tested. Serum was collected at 12 hours after HS operation. Data represents the mean ± SEM, n = 6. *<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05 vs. the Sham; **<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05 compared to the HS; ***<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05 compared to the HSV; ****<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05 compared to the HSV<sub>-post</sub>; <sup>$</sup>
<i>p</i>&gt;0.05 compared to the Sham. Sham: the rats which received NS and underwent sham operation. ShamV: the rats which received VitC and underwent sham operation. HS: the rats which received NS and underwent HS operation. HSV<sub>-pre</sub>: the rats which received VitC at 6 hours before HS operation. HSV<sub>-pre</sub>Z: some HSV<sub>-pre</sub> rats further received ZnPP. HSV<sub>-post:</sub> the rats which underwent HS operation and received VitC immediately. HSV<sub>-post</sub>Z: some HSV<sub>-post</sub> rats further received ZnPP.</div>
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<p> Figure 6 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Both VitC pre- and post-treatment… </b></div>
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<p> Figure 6 </p>
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Both VitC pre- and post-treatment decreased the tissues level of proinflammatory cytokines through… </b></div>
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<figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description">
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Figure 6
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Both VitC pre- and post-treatment decreased the tissues level of proinflammatory cytokines through HO-1 induction.</b> The mRNA and protein levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α <b>(A, B)</b> and IL-6 <b>(C, D)</b> in tissues collected at 12 hours after HS operation were tested. The data represents the mean ± SEM, n = 6. *<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05 vs. the Sham; **<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05 vs. the HS; ***<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05 vs. the HSV<sub>-pre</sub>; ****<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05 vs. the HSV<sub>-post</sub>. Sham: the rats which received NS and underwent sham operation. ShamV: the rats which received VitC and underwent sham operation. HS: the rats which received NS and underwent HS operation. HSV<sub>-pre</sub>: the rats which received VitC at 6 hours before HS operation. HSV<sub>-pre</sub>Z: some HSV<sub>-pre</sub> rats further received ZnPP. HSV<sub>-post:</sub> the rats which underwent HS operation and received VitC immediately. HSV<sub>-post</sub>Z: some HSV<sub>-post</sub> rats further received ZnPP.</div>
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<div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section">
<h2 class="title">
Substances
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