Appendix F: List of Excluded Studies (continued, 2)

Contents
Rejected: Abstract Level
Rejected: Topic
Rejected: Focus
Rejected: Exact Duplicate
Rejected: Duplicate Data
Excluded: At Detailed Review

Excluded: At Detailed Review

1. Al-Shammari, M. A multi-criteria data envelopment analysis model for measuring the productive efficiency of hospitals. International Journal of Operations and Production and Management. 1999; 19(9):879-90. Rec #: 1555

2. Arrow, K.; Baily, M. N.; Borsch-Supan, A.; Garber, A. M., and McKinsey Global Institute. Health Care Productivity. Los Angeles: McKinsey & Company, Inc.; 1996 Oct. Rec #: 1611

3. Athanassopoulos, A. D.; Gounaris, C., and Sissouras, A. A Descriptive Assessment of the Production and Cost Efficiency of General Hospitals in Greece. Health Care Management Science. 1999; 2(2):97-106. Rec #: 1448

4. Baicker, K.; Chandra, A.; Puig, J., and Ortun, V. The Productivity of Physician Specialization: Evidence from the Medicare Program Cost Efficiency in Primary Care Contracting: A Stochastic Frontier Cost Function Approach. 2004: 357-61. Rec #: 1018

5. Barros, P. P. Random output and hospital performance. Health Care Manag Sci. 2003 Nov; 6(4):219-27. Rec #: 1133

6. Beguin, C. Nonparametric frontier model as a tool for exploratory analysis of hospital stays. Methods Inf Med. 2001 Jul; 40(3):241-7. Rec #: 1523

7. Bhat, V. N. Health systems performance: a statewide analysis. J Health Care Finance. 2003 Summer; 29(4):77-86. Rec #: 1141

8. Biorn, Erik and et al. The Effect of Activity-Based Financing on Hospital Efficiency: A Panel Data Analysis of DEA Efficiency Scores 1992-2000. Health Care Management Science. 2003; 6(4):271-83. Rec #: 1031

9. Bjorkgren, M. A.; Fries, B. E.; Hakkinen, U., and Brommels, M. Case-mix adjustment and efficiency measurement. Scand J Public Health. 2004; 32(6):464-71. Rec #: 1063

10. Bjorkgren, M. A.; Hakkinen, U., and Linna, M. Measuring efficiency of long-term care units in Finland. Health Care Manag Sci. 2001 Sep; 4(3):193-200. Rec #: 1219

11. Blank, J. L. T. and Eggink, E. The Decomposition of Cost Efficiency: An Empirical Application of the Shadow Cost Function Model to Dutch General Hospitals. Health Care Management Science. 2004; 7(2):79-88. Rec #: 1412

12. Blank, J. L. T.; Eggink, E., and Merkies, A. H. Q. M. Between Bed and Budget: The Efficiency of Dutch Hospitals. Blank, Jos L. T. With contributions from C. A. Knox Lovell et al. Amsterdam; New York and Oxford: Elsevier Science North-Holland; 2000; pp. 85-119. Rec #: 1057

13. Bloor, K. and Maynard, A. Workforce productivity and incentive structures in the UK National Health Service. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2001 Apr; 6(2):105-13. Rec #: 1228

14. Bosmans, N. and Fecher, F. Performance of Belgian hospitals: a frontier approach. Health Econ. 1995 Sep-1995 Oct 31; 4(5):389-97. Rec #: 1362

15. Brownell, M. D. and Roos, N. P. Variation in length of stay as a measure of efficiency in Manitoba hospitals. CMAJ. 1995 Mar 1; 152(5):675-82. Rec #: 1370

16. Buck, D. The efficiency of the community dental service in England: a data envelopment analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000 Aug; 28(4):274-80. Rec #: 1524

17. Busch, S. H.; Berndt, E. R., and Frank, R. G. Creating Price Indexes for Measuring Productivity in Mental Health Care. Garber, Alan M. Cambridge and London: MIT Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research; 2001; pp. 115-47. Rec #: 1040

18. Cellini, R.; Pignataro, G., and Rizzo, I. Competition and Efficiency in Health Care: An Analysis of the Italian Case. International Tax and Public Finance. 2000; 7(4-5):503-19. Rec #: 1439

19. Chandra, A. and Staiger, D. Testing a Roy Model with Productivity Spillovers: Evidence from the Treatment of Heart Attacks. 2004(10811). Rec #: 1409

20. Chang, H. H. Determinants of hospital efficiency: the case of central government-owned hospitals in Taiwan, Omega. The International Journal of Management Science. 1998; 26(2):307-17. Rec #: 1563

21. Chattopadhyay, S. and Heffley, D. Are For-Profit Nursing Homes More Efficient? Data Envelopment Analysis with a Case-Mix Constraint. Eastern Economic Journal. 1994; 20(2):171-86. Rec #: 1505

22. Chattopadhyay, S. and Ray, S. C. Technical, scale, and size efficiency in nursing home care: a nonparametric analysis of Connecticut homes. Health Econ. 1996 Jul-1996 Aug 31; 5(4):363-73. Rec #: 1350

23. Chu, H. L.; Liu, S. Z., and Romeis, J. C. Does the implementation of responsibility centers, total quality management, and physician fee programs improve hospital efficiency? Evidence from Taiwan hospitals. Med Care. 2002 Dec; 40(12):1223-37. Rec #: 1174

24. Crivelli, L. ; Filippini, M., and Lunati, D. Regulation, Ownership and Efficiency in the Swiss Nursing Home Industry. International Journal of Health Care Finance and Economics. 2002; 2(2):79-97. Rec #: 1405

25. Dalmau-Matarrodona, E. and Puig-Junoy, J. Market Structure and Hospital Efficiency: Evaluating Potential Effects of Deregulation in a National Health Service. Review of Industrial Organization. 1998; 13(4):447-66. Rec #: 1464

26. Dismuke, C. and Sena, V. Is there a trade-off between quality and productivity? The case of diagnostic technologies in Portugal. Annals of Operation Research. 2001; 107:101-16. Rec #: 1570

27. Dismuke, C. E. and Sena, V. Has DRG Payment Influenced the Technical Efficiency and Productivity of Diagnostic Technologies in Portuguese Public Hospitals? An Empirical Analysis Using Parametric and Non- Parametric Methods. Health Care Management Science. 1999; 2(2):107-16. Rec #: 1435

28. Duck, E.; DeLia, D., and Cantor, J. C. Primary care productivity and the health care safety net in New York City. J Ambul Care Manage. 2001 Jan; 24(1):1-14. Rec #: 1239

29. Erlandsen, E. and Forsund, F. R. Efficiency in the Provision of Municipal Nursing- and Home-Care Services: The Norwegian Experience. Fox, Kevin J. Studies in Productivity and Efficiency. Boston; Dordrecht and London: Kluwer Academic; 2002; pp. 273-300. Rec #: 1021

30. Ersoy, K.; Kavuncubasi, S.; Ozcan, Y. A., and Harris, J. M. 2nd. Technical efficiencies of Turkish hospitals: DEA approach. J Med Syst. 1997 Apr; 21(2):67-74. Rec #: 1336

31. Evans, D. B.; Tandon, A.; Murray, C. J., and Lauer, J. A. Comparative efficiency of national health systems: cross national econometric analysis. BMJ. 2001 Aug 11; 323(7308):307-10. Rec #: 1222

32. Fare, R.; Grosskopf, S.; Lindgren, B., and Poullier, J. P. Productivity growth in healthcare delivery. Med Care. 1997 Apr; 35(4):354-66. Rec #: 1342

33. Fare, R.; Grosskopf, S.; Lindgren, B., and Roos, P. Productivity and quality changes in Swedish pharmacies. International Journal of Production Economics. 1995; 39:137-47. Rec #: 1572

34. ---. Productivity changes in Swedish pharmacies 1980-1989: a non-parametric Malmquist approach. The Journal of Productivity Analysis. 1992; 3:85-101. Rec #: 1571

35. Fare, R.; Grosskopf, S., and Roos, P. Integrating consumer satisfaction into productivity indexes. Fox, K. J. Efficiency in the Public Sector. Boston: Kluwer; 2002. Rec #: 1573

36. Farsi, M. and Filippini, M. An Empirical Analysis of Cost Efficiency in Non-profit and Public Nursing Homes. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics. 2004; 75(3):339-65. Rec #: 1017

37. Fizel, J. L. and Nunnikhoven, T. S. The Efficiency of Nursing Home Chains. Applied Economics. 1993; 25(1):49-55. Rec #: 1508

38. ---. Technical Efficiency of For-profit and Non-profit Nursing Homes. Managerial and Decision Economics. 1992; 13(5):429-39. Rec #: 1507

39. Fried, H. O. ; Lovell, C. A. K.; Schmidt, S. S., and Yaisawarng, S. Accounting for environmental effects and statistical noise in data envelopment analysis. Journal of Productivity Analysis. 2002; 17:157-74. Rec #: 1576

40. Fried, H. O. ; Schmidt, S. S., and Yaisawarng, S. Incorporating the Operating Environment into a Nonparametric Measure of Technical Efficiency. Journal of Productivity Analysis. 1999; 12(3):249-67. Rec #: 1458

41. ---. Productive, scale and scope efficiencies in US hospital-based nursing homes. INFOR. 1998; 36(3):103-19. Rec #: 1577

42. Gerdtham, U. G. and Lothgren, M. Health System Effects on Cost Efficiency in the OECD Countries. Applied Economics. 2001; 33(5):643-47. Rec #: 1441

43. Gerdtham, U. G.; Lothgren, M.; Tambour, M., and Rehnberg, C. Internal markets and health care efficiency: a multiple-output stochastic frontier analysis. Health Econ. 1999 Mar; 8(2):151-64. Rec #: 1297

44. Gerdtham, U. G.; Rehnberg, C., and Tambour, M. The Impact of Internal Markets on Health Care Efficiency: Evidence from Health Care Reforms in Sweden. Applied Economics. 1999; 31(8 ):935-45. Rec #: 1459

45. Giokas, D. I. Greek hospitals: how well their resources are used. The International Journal of Management Science. 2001; 29:73-83. Rec #: 1578

46. Giuffrida, A. Productivity and Efficiency Changes in Primary Care: A Malmquist Index Approach. Health Care Management Science. 1999; 2 (1):11-26. Rec #: 1436

47. Giuffrida, A. and Gravelle, H. Measuring performances in primary care: econometric analysis and DEA. Applied Economics. 2001; 33:163-75. Rec #: 1579

48. Giuffrida, A.; Gravelle, H., and Sutton, M. Efficiency and Administrative Costs in Primary Care. Journal of Health Economics. 2000; 19(6):983-1006. Rec #: 1446

49. Gonzalez Lopez-Valcarcel, B. and Barber Perez, P. Changes in the Efficiency of Spanish Public Hospitals after the Introduction of Program-Contracts. Investigaciones Economicas. 1996; 20(3):377-402. Rec #: 1479

50. Gravelle, H.; Jacobs, R.; Jones, A. M., and Street, A. Comparing the efficiency of national health systems: a sensitivity analysis of the WHO approach. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2003; 2(3):141-7. Rec #: 1074

51. Greene, W. Distinguishing between heterogeneity and inefficiency: stochastic frontier analysis of the World Health Organization's panel data on national health care systems. Health Econ. 2004 Oct; 13(10):959-80. Rec #: 1067

52. Gruca, T. S. and Nath, D. The Technical Efficiency of Hospitals under a Single Payer System: The Case of Ontario Community Hospitals. Health Care Management Science. 2001; 4(2):91-101. Rec #: 1036

53. Grytten, J. and Dalen, D. M. Too Many for Too Few? Efficiency among Dentists Working in Private Practice in Norway. Journal of Health Economics. 1997; 16(4):483-97. Rec #: 1474

54. Grytten, J. and Rongen, G. Efficiency in provision of public dental services in Norway. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000 Jun; 28(3):170-6. Rec #: 1271

55. Harper, J.; Hauck, K., and Street, A. Analysis of Costs and Efficiency in General Surgery Specialties in the United Kingdom. HEPAC: Health Economics in Prevention and Care. 2001; 2(4):150-57. Rec #: 1002

56. Heshmati, A. Productivity Measurement in Swedish Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics. 2002; 13(3):315-36. Rec #: 1052

57. Hicks, L. L.; Rantz, M. J.; Petroski, G. F., and Mukamel, D. B. Nursing home costs and quality of care outcomes. Nurs Econ. 2004 Jul- 2004 Aug 31; 22(4):178-92, 175. Rec #: 1069

58. Hofler, R. A. and Rungeling, B. U S Nursing Homes: Are They Cost Efficient? Economics Letters. 1994; 44(3):301-05. Rec #: 1504

59. Hofmarcher, M. M.; Paterson, I., and Riedel, M. Measuring Hospital Efficiency in Austria—A DEA Approach. Health Care Management Science. 2002; 5(1):7-14. Rec #: 1417

60. Hollingsworth, B. Non-parametric and parametric applications measuring efficiency in health care. Health Care Manag Sci. 2003 Nov; 6(4):203-18. Rec #: 1076

61. Hollingsworth, B.; Dawson, P. J., and Maniadakis, N. Efficiency measurement of health care: a review of non-parametric methods and applications. Health Care Manag Sci. 1999 Jul; 2(3):161-72. Rec #: 1262

62. Hollingsworth, B.; Harris, A., and Gospodarevskaya, E. The efficiency of immunization of infants by local government. Applied Economics. 2002; 34:2341-5. Rec #: 1584

63. Hollingsworth, B. and Parkin, D. Efficiency and productivity change in the English National Health Service: can data envelopment analysis provide a robust and useful measure? J Health Serv Res Policy. 2003 Oct; 8(4):230-6. Rec #: 1078

64. ---. The efficiency of Scottish acute hospitals: an application of data envelopment analysis. IMA J Math Appl Med Biol. 1995 Sep-1995 Dec 31; 12(3-4):161-73. Rec #: 1532

65. ---. The efficiency of the delivery of neonatal care in the UK. J Public Health Med. 2001 Mar; 23(1):47-50. Rec #: 1231

66. Hollingsworth, B. and Wildman, J. The efficiency of health production: re-estimating the WHO panel data using parametric and non-parametric approaches to provide additional information. Health Econ. 2003 Jun; 12(6):493-504. Rec #: 1083

67. Hugo, M. Comparative efficiency ratings between public and private acute inpatient facilities. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2000 Aug; 34(4):651-7. Rec #: 1261

68. Jacobs, R. Alternative Methods to Examine Hospital Efficiency: Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Health Care Management Science. 2001; 4(2):103-15. Rec #: 1418

69. Jacobs, R. and Dawson, D. Hospital efficiency targets. Health Econ. 2003 Aug; 12(8):669-84. Rec #: 1142

70. Jacobs, R.; Dawson, D.; Miller, R. D. Jr., and Frech, H. E. III. Hospital Efficiency Targets The Productivity of Health Care and Pharmaceuticals: Quality of Life, Cause of Death and the Role of Obesity. 2003(02/12): 669-84. Rec #: 1038

71. Jayasuriya, R. and Wodon, Q. Measuring and Explaining Country Efficiency in Improving Health and Education Indicators. Jayasuriya, Ruwan and Wodon, Quentin Working Paper, no. 9. Washington, D.C.: World Bank; 2003; pp. 5-16. Rec #: 1001

72. Jimenez, R.; Lopez, L.; Dominguez, D., and Farinas, H. Difference between observed and predicted length of stay as an indicator of inpatient care inefficiency. Int J Qual Health Care. 1999 Oct; 11(5):375-84. Rec #: 1286

73. John, E.; Hind, N.; Roberts, V., and Roberts, S. Cost efficiency of neonatal nurseries: the significance of unit size. Aust J Public Health. 1991 Sep; 15(3):242-4. Rec #: 1403

74. Johnson, S. C. and Lahiri, K. A Panel Data Analysis of Productive Efficiency in Freestanding Health Clinics. Empirical Economics. 1992; 17(1):141-51. Rec #: 1509

75. Johnston, K. and Gerard, K. Assessing efficiency in the UK breast screening programme: does size of screening unit make a difference? Health Policy. 2001 Apr; 56(1):21-32. Rec #: 1533

76. Kerr, C. A.; Glass, J. C.; McCallion, G. M., and McKillop, D. G. Best-practice measures of resource utilization for hospitals: a useful complement in performance assessment. Public Administration. 1999; 77(3):639-50. Rec #: 1585

77. Kirigia, J. M.; Emrouznejad, A.; Sambo, L. G.; Munguti, N., and Liambila, W. Using data envelopment analysis to measure the technical efficiency of public health centers in Kenya. J Med Syst. 2004 Apr; 28(2):155-66. Rec #: 1072

78. Kjekshus, L. E. and Hagen, T. P. Ring fencing of elective surgery: does it affect hospital efficiency? Health Serv Manage Res. 2005 Aug; 18(3):186-97. Rec #: 1096

79. Kjellstrand, C. M.; Kovithavongs, C., and Szabo, E. On the success, cost and efficiency of modern medicine: an international comparison. J Intern Med. 1998 Jan; 243(1):3-14. Rec #: 1328

80. Kjerstad, E. Prospective funding of general hospitals in Norway--incentives for higher production? Int J Health Care Finance Econ. 2003 Dec; 3(4):231-51. Rec #: 1135

81. Kleinsorge, I. K. and Karney, D. F. Management of nursing homes using data envelopment analysis. Socioecon Plann Sci. 1992; 26(1):57-71. Rec #: 1534

82. Knox, K. J.; Blankmeyer, E. C., and Stutzman, J. R. The Efficiency of Nursing Home Chains and the Implications of Nonprofit Status: A Comment. Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management. 2001; 7(2):177-82. Rec #: 1429

83. Knox, K. J.; Blankmeyer, E. C., and Stutzman, J. R. Organizational Efficiency and Quality in Texas Nursing Facilities. Health Care Management Science. 2003; 6(3):175-88. Rec #: 1035

84. Knox, K. J.; Blankmeyer, E. C., and Stutzman, J. R. Relative Economic Efficiency in Texas Nursing Facilities: A Profit Function Analysis. Journal of Economics and Finance. 1999; 23(3):199-213. Rec #: 1456

85. Kontodimopoulos, N. and Niakas, D. Efficiency measurement of hemodialysis units in Greece with data envelopment analysis. Health Policy. 2005 Feb; 71(2):195-204. Rec #: 1110

86. Kooreman, P. Nursing Home Care in The Netherlands: A Nonparametric Efficiency Analysis. Journal of Health Economics. 1994; 13(3):301-16. Rec #: 1498

87. Laine, J.; Finne-Soveri, U. H.; Bjorkgren, M.; Linna, M.; Noro, A., and Hakkinen, U. The association between quality of care and technical efficiency in long-term care. Int J Qual Health Care. 2005 Jun; 17(3):259-67. Rec #: 1061

88. Laine, J.; Linna, M.; Hakkinen, U., and Noro, A. Measuring the productive efficiency and clinical quality of institutional long-term care for the elderly. Health Econ. 2005 Mar; 14(3):245-56. Rec #: 1068

89. Laine, J.; Linna, M.; Noro, A., and Hakkinen, U. The cost efficiency and clinical quality of institutional long-term care for the elderly. Health Care Manag Sci. 2005 May; 8(2):149-56. Rec #: 1060

90. Li, J. and Hawkins, J. A system for evaluating inpatient care cost-efficiency in a hospital. Medinfo. 2001; 10(Pt 2):1171-4. Rec #: 1215

91. ---. A system for evaluating inpatient care cost-efficiency in hospital. Proc AMIA Symp. 2001; 369-72. Rec #: 1205

92. Lin, H. C.; Xirasagar, S., and Tang, C. H. Costs per discharge and hospital ownership under prospective payment and cost-based reimbursement systems in Taiwan. Health Policy Plan. 2004 May; 19(3):166-76. Rec #: 1129

93. Linna, M. Measuring hospital cost efficiency with panel data models. Health Econ. 1998 Aug; 7(5):415-27. Rec #: 1313

94. Linna, M. and Hakkinen, U. A comparative application of econometric frontier and DEA methods for assessing cost efficiency of Finnish hospitals. Dev Health Econ Public Policy. 1998; 6:169-87. Rec #: 1282

95. Linna, M. and Hakkinen, U. A comparative application of econometric frontier and DEA methods for assessing cost efficiency of Finnish hospital. Zweifel, P. Health, the Medical Profession and Regulation. Boston: Kluwer; 1998; pp. 169-87. Rec #: 1587

96. Linna, M.; Hakkinen, U., and Linnakko, E. An econometric study of costs of teaching and research in Finnish hospitals. Health Econ. 1998 Jun; 7(4):291-305. Rec #: 1615

97. Linna, M.; Nordblad, A., and Koivu, M. Technical and cost efficiency of oral health care provision in Finnish health centres. Soc Sci Med. 2003 Jan; 56(2):343-53. Rec #: 1170

98. Lothgren, M. and Tambour, M. Productivity and customer satisfaction in Swedish pharmacies: a DEA network model. European Journal of Operational Research. 1999; 115:449-58.Rec #: 1588

99. Lundstrom, M.; Roos, P.; Brege, K. G.; Floren, I.; Stenevi, U., and Thorburn, W. Cataract surgery and effectiveness. 2. An index approach for the measurement of output and efficiency of cataract surgery at different surgery departments. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001 Apr; 79(2):147-53. Rec #: 1234

100. Luoma, K. and et al. Financial Incentives and Productive Efficiency in Finnish Health Centres. Health Economics. 1996; 5(5):435-45 Available From Publisher's URL. Rec #: 1480

101. MacLean, M. B. and Mix, P. Measuring hospital productivity and output: the omission of outpatient services. Health Rep. 1991; 3(3):229-44. Rec #: 1144

102. Magnussen, J. Efficiency measurement and the operationalization of hospital production. Health Serv Res. 1996 Apr; 31(1):21-37. Rec #: 1351

103. Maniadakis, N.; Hollingsworth, B., and Thanassoulis, E. The Impact of the Internal Market on Hospital Efficiency, Productivity and Service Quality. Health Care Management Science. 1999; 2(2):75-85. Rec #: 1449

104. Maniadakis, N. and Thanassoulis, E. Assessing Productivity Changes in UK Hospitals Reflecting Technology and Input Prices. Applied Economics. 2000; 32(12):1575-89. Rec #: 1433

105. Martens, P. J.; Stewart, D. K.; Mitchell, L.,and Black, C. Assessing the performance of rural hospitals. Healthc Manage Forum. 2002 Winter; Suppl:27-34. Rec #: 1160

106. Martineau, T.; Gong, Y., and Tang, S. Changing medical doctor productivity and its affecting factors in rural China. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2004 Apr-2004 Jun 30; 19(2):101-11. Rec #: 1122

107. McCallion, G. and et al. Investigating Productivity Change and Hospital Size: A Nonparametric Frontier Approach. Applied Economics. 2000; 32(2):161-74. Rec #: 1442

108. McCallion, G. M.; McKillop, D. G.; Glass, J. C., and Kerr, C. Rationalizing Northern Ireland hospital services towards larger providers: best practice efficiency studies and current policy. Public Money and Management. 1999 Apr; 27-32. Rec #: 1539

109. McKillop, D. G. and et al. Efficiency in Northern Ireland Hospitals: A Non-parametric Analysis . Economic and Social Review. 1999; 30(2):175-96. Rec #: 1461

110. McPake, B.; Yepes, F. J.; Lake, S., and Sanchez, L. H. Is the Colombian health system reform improving the performance of public hospitals in Bogota? Health Policy Plan. 2003 Jun; 18(2):182-94. Rec #: 1150

111. Miller, R. and Frech, T. The Productivity of Health Care and Pharmaceuticals: Quality of Life, Cause. 2002. Rec #: 1029

112. Nordyke, R. J. Determinants of PHC productivity and resource utilization: a comparison of public and private physicians in Macedonia. Health Policy. 2002 Apr; 60(1):67-96. Rec #: 1201

113. Nyman, J. A. and Bricker, D. L. Profit incentives and technical efficiency in the production of nursing home care. The Review of Economics and Statistics. 1989; 586-94. Rec #: 1590

114. Nyman, J. A.; Bricker, D. L., and Link, D. Technical efficiency in nursing homes. Med Care. 1990 Jun; 28(6):541-51. Rec #: 1538

115. Olesen, O. B. and Petersen, N. C. The Use of Data Envelopment Analysis with Probabilistic Assurance Regions for Measuring Hospital Efficiency. Journal of Productivity Analysis. 2002; 17(1-2):83-109. Rec #: 1059

116. Ozcan, Y. A.; Wogen, S. E., and Mau, L. W. Efficiency evaluation of skilled nursing facilities. J Med Syst. 1998 Aug; 22(4):211-24. Rec #: 1541

117. Parkin, D. and Hollingsworth, B. Measuring Production Efficiency of Acute Hospitals in Scotland, 1991-94: Validity Issues in Data Envelopment Analysis. Applied Economics. 1997; 29 (11):1425-33. Rec #: 1470

118. Paul, C. J. M. Productive Structure and Efficiency of Public Hospitals. Fox, Kevin J. Studies in Productivity and Efficiency. Boston; Dordrecht and London: Kluwer Academic; 2002; pp. 219-48. Rec #: 1022

119. Philipson, T. and Lakdawalla, D. Medical Care Output and Productivity in the Nonprofit Sector. Cutler, David M. and Berndt, Ernst R. NBER Studies in Income and Wealth, vol. 62. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press; 2001; pp. 119-37. Rec #: 1043

120. Pietila, T.; Sintonen, H.; Pietila, I.; Widstrom, E.; Varrela, J., and Alanen, P. Cost and productivity analysis of orthodontic care in Finland. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1998 Aug; 26(4):283-8. Rec #: 1312

121. Pina, V. and Torres, L. Evaluating the efficiency of nonprofit organizations: an application of data envelopment analysis to the public health service. Financial Accountability and Management. 1992; 8(3):213-24. Rec #: 1594

122. Pink, G. H.; Murray, M. A., and McKillop, I. Hospital efficiency and patient satisfaction. Health Serv Manage Res. 2003 Feb; 16(1):24-38. Rec #: 1161

123. Polyzos, N. M. Striving towards efficiency in the Greek hospitals by reviewing case mix classifications. Health Policy. 2002 Sep; 61(3):305-28. Rec #: 1193

124. Prior, D. Technical Efficiency and Scope Economies in Hospitals. Applied Economics. 1996; 28(10):1295-1301. Rec #: 1485

125. Prior, D. and Sola, M. Technical efficiency and economies of diversification in health care. Health Care Manag Sci. 2000 Sep; 3(4):299-307. Rec #: 1251

126. Puig, J. and Ortun, V. Cost Efficiency in Primary Care Contracting: A Stochastic Frontier Cost Function Approach. 2003. Rec #: 1411

127. Puig-Junoy, J. Measuring health production performance in the eOECD. Applied Economics Letters. 1998; 5:255-9. Rec #: 1595

128. Puig-Junoy, J. Technical efficiency in the clinical management of critically ill patients. Health Econ. 1998 May; 7(3):263-77. Rec #: 1320

129. Puig-Junoy, J. and Ortun, V. Cost efficiency in primary care contracting: a stochastic frontier cost function approach. Health Econ. 2004 Dec; 13(12):1149-65. Rec #: 1011

130. Rannan-Eliya, R. P. and Somanathan, A. The Bangladesh Health Facility Efficiency Study. Yazbeck, Abdo S. and Peters, David H. Human Development Network Health, Nutrition, and Population Series. Washington, D.C.: World Bank; 2003; pp. 195-225. Rec #: 1404

131. Retzlaff-Roberts, D.; Chang, C. F., and Rubin, R. M. Technical efficiency in the use of healthcare resources: a comparison of OECD countries. Health Policy. 2004 Jul; 69(1):55-72. Rec #: 1066

132. Richardson, J.; Wildman, J., and Robertson, I. K. A critique of the World Health Organisation's evaluation of health system performance. Health Econ. 2003 May; 12(5):355-66. Rec #: 1153

133. Ridderstolpe, L.; Johansson, A.; Skau, T.; Rutberg, H., and Ahlfeldt, H. Clinical process analysis and activity-based costing at a heart center. J Med Syst. 2002 Aug; 26(4):309-22. Rec #: 1189

134. Rieder, M. J.; Hanmer, S. J., and Haslam, R. H. Age- and gender-related differences in clinical productivity among Canadian pediatricians. Pediatrics. 1990 Feb; 85(2):144-9. Rec #: 1118

135. Rosko, M. D.; Chilingerian, J. A.; Zinn, J. S., and Aaronson, W. E. The effects of ownership, operating environment, and strategic choices on nursing home efficiency. Med Care. 1995 Oct; 33(10):1001-21. Rec #: 1360

136. Routh, S.; Thwin, A. A.; Barb, N., and Begum, A. Cost efficiency in maternal and child health and family planning service delivery in Bangladesh: implications for NGOs. Health Policy Plan. 2004 Jan; 19(1):11-21. Rec #: 1134

137. Sahin, I. and Ozcan, Y. A. Public sector hospital efficiency for provincial markets in Turkey. J Med Syst. 2000 Dec; 24(6):307-20. Rec #: 1545

138. Salinas-Jimenez, J. and Smith, P. Data envelopment analysis applied to quality in primary health care. Annals of Operations Research . 1996; 67(141-61). Rec #: 1599

139. Sarkis, J. and Talluri, S. Efficiency measurement of hospitals: issues and extensions. International Journal of Operations and Production Management. 2002; 22(3):306-13. Rec #: 1600

140. Sexton, T. R.; Leiken, A. M.; Sleeper, S., and Coburn, A. F. The impact of prospective reimbursement on nursing home efficiency. Med Care. 1989 Feb; 27(2):154-63. Rec #: 1548

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