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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="megamenu-1">
|
||
<span>Bullying</span>
|
||
</button>
|
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|
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|
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<ul id="megamenu-1" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/bullying/what-is-bullying" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>What Is Bullying</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
||
|
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|
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<a href="/bullying/roles-kids-play" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>The Roles Kids Play</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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<a href="/bullying/why-some-youth-bully" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Why Some Youth Bully</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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<a href="/bullying/at-risk" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Who Is at Risk</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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<a href="/bullying/warning-signs" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Warning Signs for Bullying</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/bullying/effects" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Effects of Bullying</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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<a href="/bullying/bullying-and-trauma" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Bullying and Trauma</span>
|
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</a>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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<a href="/bullying/groups" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Race, Ethnicity, National Origin & Religion</span>
|
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<a href="/bullying/military-connected-youth-and-bullying" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Military Connected Youth</span>
|
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|
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<a href="/bullying/special-needs" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Disabilities & Special Needs</span>
|
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|
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<a href="/bullying/other-types-of-aggressive-behavior" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Other Aggressive Behavior</span>
|
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|
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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="megamenu-2">
|
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<span>Cyberbullying</span>
|
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</button>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/cyberbullying/what-is-it" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>What Is Cyberbullying</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<a href="/cyberbullying/cyberbullying-tactics" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Cyberbullying Tactics</span>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<a href="/cyberbullying/prevention" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Prevent Cyberbullying</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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<a href="/cyberbullying/social-media-apps-sites-commonly-used-children-teens" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Social Media and Apps</span>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
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<a href="/cyberbullying/cyberbullying-online-gaming" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Cyberbullying and Gaming</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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|
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<a href="/cyberbullying/digital-awareness-for-parents" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Digital Awareness for Parents</span>
|
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</a>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/cyberbullying/establishing-rules" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Establishing Rules</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/cyberbullying/tips-for-teachers" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Tips for Teachers</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/cyberbullying/how-to-report" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Report Cyberbullying</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class="usa-nav__primary-item ">
|
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|
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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="megamenu-3">
|
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<span>Prevention</span>
|
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</button>
|
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|
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|
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|
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<ul id="megamenu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
|
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|
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|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
||
|
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|
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<a href="/prevention/how-to-prevent-bullying" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>How to Prevent Bullying</span>
|
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</a>
|
||
|
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</li>
|
||
<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
||
|
||
|
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<a href="/prevention/at-school" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Prevention at School</span>
|
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</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
||
|
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|
||
<a href="/prevention/assess-bullying" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Assess Bullying</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/prevention/engage-parents" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Engage Parents & Youth</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/prevention/rules" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Set Policies & Rules</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/prevention/build-safe-environment" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Build a Safe Environment</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/prevention/in-the-community" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Working in the Community</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/prevention/bullying-prevention-in-extra-curricular-activities" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Prevention in Extra-Curricular Activities</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
||
|
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|
||
<a href="/prevention/on-the-spot" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Respond to Bullying</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
||
|
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|
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<a href="/prevention/support-kids-involved" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Support the Kids Involved</span>
|
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</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/prevention/bystanders-to-bullying" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Bystanders to Bullying</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
||
|
||
|
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<a href="/prevention/help-children-build-resilience" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Help Children Build Resilience</span>
|
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</a>
|
||
|
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</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
||
|
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|
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<a href="/prevention/middle-school" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Tips for Parents of Middle Schoolers</span>
|
||
</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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|
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|
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__primary-item ">
|
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|
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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="megamenu-4">
|
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<span>Resources</span>
|
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</button>
|
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<ul id="megamenu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu">
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/resources/get-help-now" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Get Help Now</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
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</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="/resources/facts" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Facts About Bullying</span>
|
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</a>
|
||
|
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</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/resources/laws" class="usa-nav__link usa-current">
|
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<span>Laws & Policies</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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<a href="/resources/research-resources" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Research Resources</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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<a href="/resources/how-to-talk-about-bullying" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>How to Talk About Bullying</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/resources/what-you-can-do" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>What You Can Do</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/resources/teens" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>What Teens Can Do</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/resources/training-center" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Training Center</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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|
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<a href="/resources/media-guidelines" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Media Guidelines</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
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<a href="/videos-social-media" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Videos & Social Media</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class=" usa-nav__submenu-item ">
|
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<a href="/resources/external" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>External Resources</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__primary-item ">
|
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<a href="/kids" class="usa-nav__link">
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<span>Kids</span>
|
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</a>
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|
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__primary-item ">
|
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|
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|
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<a href="/resources/get-help-now" class="usa-nav__link">
|
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<span>Get Help Now</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="usa-nav__secondary">
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<div class="region region-secondary-menu">
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<form class="search-block-form usa-form-large usa-search usa-search-small usa-search--small js-search-form" data-drupal-selector="search-block-form" action="/search-results" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8">
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<div role="search">
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<div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-search form-item-keys js-form-item-keys form-no-label">
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<div class="usa-form-group js-form-item form-item js-form-type-search form-item- js-form-item- form-no-label">
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<label class="usa-label visually-hidden">Search form using Search.gov <span class="usa-hint">(optional)</span></label>
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<input data-drupal-selector="hhs-search-input-67bcff1fd826d" id="hhs-search-input-67bcff1fd826d" aria-label="Search form using Search.gov" class="form-search usa-input usagov-search-autocomplete" name="query" autocomplete="on" type="search" size="60" maxlength="128" placeholder="Search">
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</div>
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<input type="hidden" name="referrer" value="https://www.stopbullying.gov/resources/laws/washington">
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<div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions">
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<button data-drupal-selector="edit-submit" id="uswds-search" aria-label="Search" value="Search" class="button usa-button js-form-submit form-submit" type="submit">
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<span class="usa-sr-only">Search</span>
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</form>
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<ul class="usa-nav__secondary-links">
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<li class="js-search-button-container usa-nav__secondary-item"><button class="usa-header-search-button js-search-button">Search</button></li>
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<li class="usa-nav__secondary-item">
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<a href="/blog" data-drupal-link-system-path="blog">Blog</a>
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<span class="usa-nav__secondary--list usa-accordion">
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<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="usa-nav-language">
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<span>Language</span>
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</button>
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<ul id="usa-nav-language" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<a href="https://www.stopbullying.gov/">English</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<!--mp_global_switch_begins-->
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<a href="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/" class="langLink" mpdisurl="data-href" mporgnav="href" data-href="espanol.stopbullying.gov" data-lang="es">Español</a>
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<!--mp_global_switch_ends-->
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<!--mp_global_switch_begins-->
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<a href="https://zh.stopbullying.gov/" class="langLink" mpdisurl="data-href" mporgnav="href" data-href="zh.stopbullying.gov" data-lang="zs">Chinese | 中文</a>
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<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item">
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<!--mp_global_switch_begins-->
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<a href="https://ko.stopbullying.gov/" class="langLink" mpdisurl="data-href" mporgnav="href" data-href="ko.stopbullying.gov" data-lang="ko">Korean | 한국어</a>
|
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<!--mp_global_switch_ends-->
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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|
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</span>
|
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</li></ul>
|
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|
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|
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|
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</nav>
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<section class="usa-hero hhs-empty-hero" style="background-image: url("/sites/default/files/styles/primary_image_hero/public/2019-10/hero_Washington.png?itok=0eCYSfXk");"></section>
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<main id="main-content" class="usa-section padding-top-0 margin-top-0">
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<div id="block-stopbullying-breadcrumbs" class="settings-tray-editable grid-container block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block" data-drupal-settingstray="editable">
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<div id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</div>
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<ol class="add-list-reset uswds-breadcrumbs uswds-horizontal-list" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb">
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<a href="/">Home</a>
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<a href="/resources/laws">Laws & Policies</a>
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<li>
|
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Washington Anti-Bullying Laws & Policies
|
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</ol>
|
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</div>
|
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|
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</div>
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<div class="content-wrapper grid-container">
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<div class="grid-row grid-gap">
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<div class="grid-row grid-gap">
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<aside class="region-first-sidebar">
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<h1 class="uswds-page-title page-title">Washington Anti-Bullying Laws & Policies
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<div class="usa-prose field field--name-field-uswds-body field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><h3>Components of State Anti-Bullying Laws and Regulations</h3><div class="responsive-table-scroll-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th scope="col">Component</th><th scope="col">Included</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Prohibiting statement</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td>Definition</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td>Scope</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td>Protected groups</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td>District policy requirement</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td>Reporting and investigations</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td>Consequences</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td>Communication of policy</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td>Safeguards and supports</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td>Review and update of local policies</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td>Prevention education</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td>Staff training</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td>Parent engagement</td><td>Yes</td></tr></tbody></table></div><h3>Which Washington laws and regulations cover bullying?</h3><ul><li><a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=28A.300.042">Washington Revised Code §28A.300.042. Collection and submittal of student-level data –Student data-related reports—Disaggregation of data by subgroups—Modification of statewide student data systems</a></li><li><a href="http://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=28A.300.2851">Washington Revised Code §28A.300.2851. School b ullying and h arassment – Work g roup</a></li><li><a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=28A.300.479">Washington Revised Code §28A.300.479. Social-emotional learning resources</a></li><li><a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=28A.320.127"><u>Washington Revised Code §28A.320.127. Plan for recognition, screening, and response to emotional or behavioral distress in students, including possible sexual abuse</u></a></li><li><a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=28A.410.270"><u>Washington Revised Code §28A.410.270. Washington professional educator standards board—Performance standards—Certification levels—Teacher effectiveness evaluations—Requirements for professional certificate and residency teaching certificate—Demonstration of educator preparation programs' outcomes</u></a></li><li><a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=28A.415.445">Washington Revised Code §28A.415.445. Training in children's mental health topics—Required use of one professional learning day every other year</a></li><li><a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=28A.600.027">Washington Revised Code §28A.600.027. Student expression in school-sponsored media</a></li><li><a href="http://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=28A.600.477">Washington Revised Code § 28A.600.477. Prohibition of harassment, intimidation, and bullying</a></li><li><a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=28A.600.480"><u>Washington Revised Code §28A.600.480. Reporting of harassment, intimidation, or bullying—Retaliation prohibited—Immunity</u></a></li><li><a href="http://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=28A.642.010">Washington Revised Code §28A.642.010. Discrimination prohibited -- Definitions</a></li><li><a href="http://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=28A.642.080">Washington Revised Code §28A.642.080. Transgender student policy and procedure</a></li><li><a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=43.06B.060"><u>Washington Revised Code §43.06B.060. Public school antiharassment policies and strategies – lead agency</u></a></li><li><a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=162-32-040">Washington Administrative Code §162-32-040. Harassment</a></li><li><a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=392-145-011">Washington Administrative Code §392-145-011. School district requirements</a></li><li><a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=392-190-059">Washington Administrative Code §392-190-059. Harassment, intimidation, and bullying prevention policy and procedure – School districts</a></li><li><a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=392-405-005">Washington Administrative Code §392-405-005. Authority</a></li><li><a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=392-405-010">Washington Administrative Code §392-405-010. Purpose</a></li><li><a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=392-405-020">Washington Administrative Code §392-405-020. School district rules defining harassment, intimidation and bullying prevention policies and procedures—Distribution of rules</a></li></ul><h3>How are bullying and cyberbullying defined in Washington anti-bullying laws and regulations?</h3><p>Washington anti-bullying laws and regulations include the following definitions of harassment, intimidation, and bullying:</p><p>“Harassment, intimidation, or bullying” means any intentional electronic, written, verbal, or physical act including, but not limited to, one shown to be motivated by any characteristic in RCW 28A.640.010 and 28A.642.010, or other distinguishing characteristics, when the intentional electronic, written, verbal, or physical act:</p><ol type="A"><li>Physically harms a student or damages the student’s property;</li><li>Has the effect of substantially interfering with a student’s education;</li><li>Is so severe, persistent, or pervasive that it creates an intimidating or threatening educational environment; or</li></ol><p>“Electronic” means any communication where there is the transmission of information by wire, radio, optical cable, electromagnetic, or other similar means.</p><p>Wash. Rev. Code (ARCW) § 28A.600.477 (2019)</p><h3>Do Washington anti-bullying laws and regulations cover cyberbullying that occurs off-campus?</h3><p>No. Washington anti-bullying laws do not cover off-campus conduct.</p><h3>What are the policy requirements for schools to prevent and respond to bullying behavior?</h3><p>Washington school districts must adopt or amend a policy and procedure prohibiting harassment, intimidation, and bullying of any student that incorporates the model policy and procedure developed by the state. School district policies and procedures must contain key policy and procedural elements including, but not limited to:</p><ul><li>Statements prohibiting harassment, intimidation, and bullying and statements of scope indicating where and when the policy applies;</li><li>Definitions of prohibited behavior;</li><li>Strategies to prevent harassment, intimidation, and bullying, including policy dissemination, education, staff training, and implementation of individual, classroom, school, and district-level prevention approaches;</li><li>Designation of a compliance officer who serves as the primary contact for harassment, intimidation, and bullying;</li><li>Requirements for immediate staff intervention;</li><li>Procedures for reporting and investigations;</li><li>Disciplinary consequences and corrective actions for a student who commits an act of harassment, intimidation, or bullying;</li><li>Supports for the targeted student;</li><li>Lists of other resources and related policies and procedures; and</li><li>Requirements for how school districts must community the district’s harassment, intimidation, and bullying policy and procedure to parents, students, employees, and volunteers.</li></ul><p>Washington anti-bullying laws require districts to provide the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction with a brief summary of policies, procedures, programs, partnerships, vendors, and instructional and training materials to be publicly posted, and must provide a link to the school district’s website for further information.</p><h3>Do Washington anti-bullying laws and regulations include protections for specific groups?</h3><p>Yes. Washington anti-bullying laws prohibit harassment, intimidation, or bullying behavior that includes but is not limited to behavior shown to be motivated by sex, race, creed, religion, color, national origin, honorably discharged veteran or military status, sexual orientation, the presence of any sensory, mental, or physical disability, the use of a trained dog guide or service animal by a person with a disability, or other distinguishing characteristics.</p><p>Washington schools that receive federal funding are required by federal law to address discrimination based on certain personal characteristics. <a href="/resources/laws/federal">Find out when bullying may be a civil rights violation</a>.</p><h3>Do Washington anti-bullying laws and regulations encourage or require districts to implement bullying prevention programs or strategies?</h3><p>Yes. Washington school districts must implement a range of prevention strategies including individual, classroom, school, and district-level approaches. Districts are encouraged to implement evidence-based prevention programs that are designed to increase social competency, improve school climate, and eliminate harassment, intimidation, and bullying in schools.</p><h3>Do Washington anti-bullying laws and regulations encourage or require districts to train teachers and other school staff on how to respond to bullying incidents?</h3><p>Yes. Washington school districts must adopt the state model procedure, which requires that all staff receive annual training on the school district’s policy and procedure, including staff roles and responsibilities, how to monitor common areas, and the use of the district’s Incident Reporting Form. The Office of the S uperintendent of P ublic I nstruction must post on its web site training and instructional materials on the components that must be included in any school district policy and procedure. Washington anti-bullying laws also require the Office of the S uperintendent of P ublic I nstruction to develop a statewide training class for individuals in each district who act as the primary contact regarding the policy and procedure prohibiting harassment, intimidation, and bullying. The training class must be offered annually.</p><h3>Do Washington anti-bullying laws and regulations encourage or require districts to provide safeguards or mental health supports for students involved with bullying?</h3><p>Yes. Washington school districts must provide appropriate district support services to students who have been subjected to harassment, intimidation, or bullying and must address and remedy, as appropriate, the adverse impact of the harassment on the student. Washington school districts must also adopt a plan for recognition, initial screening, and response to emotional or behavioral distress in students. Plans may be separate or may be a component of another district plan or policy, such as the harassment, intimidation, and bullying prevention policy.</p><h3><strong>Do Washington anti-bullying laws and regulations involve parents in efforts to address bullying behavior?</strong></h3><p>Yes. Washington anti-bullying laws encourage districts to adopt and update the policy and procedure prohibiting harassment, intimidation, and bullying through a process that includes representation of parents or guardians, school employees, volunteers, students, administrators, and community representatives.</p><h3>For More Information</h3><p>Visit the Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction’s “<a href="https://www.k12.wa.us/student-success/health-safety/school-safety-center/school-safety-security-related-rcws-wacs/harassment-intimidation-and-bullying-hib" target="_blank"> Harassment, Intimidation, and Bullying (HIB)”</a> webpage and/or view the Washington <a href="https://www.k12.wa.us/sites/default/files/public/safetycenter/guidance/pubdocs/anti-bullyingpolicyfinal.pdf" target="_blank">state model policy</a> and <a href="https://www.k12.wa.us/sites/default/files/public/safetycenter/guidance/pubdocs/anti-bullyingprocedurefinal.pdf" target="_blank">state model procedure</a> on bullying and harassment.</p><p>The key component framework used in the analysis of state laws is based on the review of legislation presented in the “<a href="http://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/bullying/state-bullying-laws/state-bullying-laws.pdf">Analysis of State Bullying Laws and Policies – December 2011</a>” (U.S. Department of Education).</p></div>
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