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<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/government-pension-offset.html">Government Pension Offset</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/retirement-earnings-test.html">Retirement Earnings Test</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/scheduled-payable.html">Scheduled <abbr title="versus">vs.</abbr> Payable Benefits</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/special-minimum.html">Special Minimum Benefit</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/poverty-decline.html">Why Will Poverty Decline for Beneficiaries?</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/windfall-elimination-provision.html">Windfall Elimination Provision</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="noClick menu1a" id="PM"><a href="#" tabindex="-1">Projections</a></li>
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<li class="hasFly menu2a" id="PFS"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Fact sheets</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/populations/divorced-spousal-2050.html">By beneficiary type</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/populations/beneficiaries-60-or-older.html">By demographic group</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="hasFly menu2a" id="PPO"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Tables</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/policy-options/index.html">Policy options/proposals</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/tables/beneficiaries.html">Profile of beneficiaries by race & ethnicity</a></li>
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<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/tables/taxpayers.html">Profile of taxpayers by race & ethnicity</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav></div>
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<div class="column-6"> <div id="docTitle">
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<h3>Social Security Bulletin, <abbr title="Volume">Vol.</abbr> 67, <abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> 4</h3>
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<div class="releaseDate">(released June 2008)</div></div> <div class="container-red downloadBox"><p><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v67n4/ssb-v67n4.pdf" title="Download entire publication as PDF">Download entire publication</a></p></div> <div class="ssbArticle">
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<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v67n4/v67n4p1.html">Women, Marriage, and Social Security Benefits Revisited</a></div>
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<div class="authors">by Christopher R. Tamborini and Kevin Whitman</div>
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<p>This article uses a Restricted-Use File of the 2001 Marital History Topical Module to the <abbr>U.S.</abbr> Census Bureau's Survey of Income and Program Participation (<abbr>SIPP</abbr>) to examine women's marital histories in relation to Social Security spouse and widow benefit eligibility. To assess marital trends over time, the authors compare <abbr>SIPP</abbr> estimates to data reported in Iams and Ycas. 1988 article, "Women, Marriage and Social Security Benefits," which used the 1985 Marital History Supplement to the Current Population Survey. The results shed light on important links between sociodemographic trends in marriage and Social Security beneficiaries. Over three-fourths of women aged 40 to 69 in 2001 already had marital histories that guarantee them the option of a spouse or widow benefit at retirement. However, a smaller proportion of these women would be potentially eligible to receive spouse or widow benefits compared to their counterparts in 1985 due to changes in patterns in marriage, particularly among younger women in the baby-boom cohort. Notable shifts include rising proportions of currently divorced women without a <span class="nobr">10-year</span> marriage and never-married women.</p>
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</div><div class="ssbArticle">
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<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v67n4/v67n4p21.html">Disabled Workers and the Indexing of Social Security Benefits</a></div>
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<div class="authors">by Alexander Strand and Kalman Rupp</div>
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<p>This article presents the distributional effects of changing the Social Security indexing scheme, with an emphasis on the effects upon disabled-worker beneficiaries. Although a class of reform proposals that would slow the rate of growth of initial benefit levels over time—including price indexing and longevity indexing—initially appear to affect all beneficiaries proportionally, there can be different impacts on different groups of beneficiaries. The impacts between and within groups are mitigated by (1) the offsetting effect of changes in Supplemental Security Income benefits at the lower tail of the income distribution, and (2) the dampening effect of other family income at the upper tail of the income distribution. The authors present estimates of the size of these effects.</p>
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</div><div class="ssbArticle">
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<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v67n4/v67n4p51.html">Financing Social Security 1939-1949: A Reexamination of the Financing Policies of this Period</a></div>
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<div class="authors">by Larry DeWitt</div>
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<p>Presented is an examination of the financing history of the <abbr>U.S.</abbr> Social Security system from the passage of the original law in 1935 up through the enactment of the 1950 Amendments to the Social Security Act. In particular, it focuses on the 1939 Social Security Amendments and the subsequent tax rate freezes enacted between 1939 and 1949. It examines the origins of these taxing policies and assesses the impact of the rate freezes on the long-range actuarial balance of the Social Security program during this period.</p>
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</div><div class="ssbArticle">
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<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v67n4/v67n4p71.html">The Food Stamp Program and Supplemental Security Income</a></div>
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<div class="authors">by Brad Trenkamp and Michael Wiseman</div>
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<p>The Food Stamp Program (<abbr class="spell">FSP</abbr>) and Supplemental Security Income (<abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>) are important parts of national public assistance policy, and there is considerable overlap in the populations that the programs serve. This article investigates <abbr class="spell">FSP</abbr> participation by households that include <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> recipients and assesses the importance of various provisions of the Food Stamp Program that favor <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> recipients.</p>
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</div><div class="ssbArticle">
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<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v67n4/v67n4p89.html">The Reservation Wages of Social Security Disability Insurance Beneficiaries</a></div>
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<div class="authors">by Sophie Mitra</div>
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<p>Using the New Beneficiary Data System, this article examines the reservation wages of a sample of Social Security Disability Insurance (<abbr class="spell">DI</abbr>) beneficiaries with work capabilities. It analyzes the magnitude of the reservation wages of <abbr class="spell">DI</abbr> beneficiaries compared to the last wage earned and to benefit amounts. In addition, the article discusses the determinants of reservation wages for <abbr class="spell">DI</abbr> beneficiaries.</p>
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</div><div class="ssbArticle">
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<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v67n4/v67n4p113.html">KiwiSaver: New Zealand's New Subsidized Retirement Savings Plans</a></div>
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<div class="authors">by Barbara E. Kritzer</div>
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<p>On July 1, 2007, New Zealand introduced KiwiSaver, a new subsidized retirement savings plan. All new entrants to the labor force and anyone starting a new job are automatically enrolled in a plan and may opt out if they wish. Anyone younger than age 65, including the self-employed and anyone not in the labor force, may choose to set up a KiwiSaver account. The government provides tax credits for both employer and account holder contributions, a one-time tax-free payment to each account, and an annual fee subsidy to defray administrative costs.</p>
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<img src="cover.jpg" alt="issue cover" class="cover" />
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<p class="ninetypercent"><abbr class="spell">ISSN</abbr>: 1937-4666</p>
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<h4 class="sidebar-gray">Contact</h4><p><a href="mailto:ssb@ssa.gov">ssb@ssa.gov</a></p>
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<h4 class="sidebar-gray">Next Expected Update</h4><p id="js-exp"></p>
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<a href="/policy/research.html?type=Social%20Security%20Bulletin">Listing of all issues</a>
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<div class="container-blue"><p>The <i>Bulletin</i> welcomes submissions from outside researchers and analysts for its <a href="/policy/docs/ssb/perspectives.html">Perspectives section</a>.</p></div>
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