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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2018</h1>
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<h1>Tajikistan</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 9.10 somoni.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1993 (pensions) and 1999 (personalized accounting system and individual accounts).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1997 (social insurance); and 2010 (insurance and state pensions), implemented in 2013.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Notional defined contribution (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>), mandatory individual account, and social assistance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4"><abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account:</span> Employed and self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>Special system for military personnel.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Employed and self-employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5"><abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account:</span> None to the <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> account; 1% of earnings to the mandatory individual account.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5"><abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account:</span> 20% of declared income to the <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> account; information not available for the mandatory individual account.</p>
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<p>The self-employed person's contributions also finance unemployment benefits and family allowances.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> A portion of the <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> contributions finances the social assistance benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5"><abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account:</span> 25% of payroll to the <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> account; none to the mandatory individual account.</p>
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<p>The employer's contributions also finance sickness and maternity benefits, unemployment benefits, and family allowances.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> A portion of the <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> contributions finances the social assistance benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5"><abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> Provides partial subsidies.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account):</span> Age 63 with at least 25 years of covered employment (men) or age 58 with at least 20 years of covered employment (women). The age and number of years of covered employment required for a full pension are reduced for mothers caring for five or more children or children with disabilities and for persons living in remote mountain areas.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: Meets the age requirement for the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension and has at least five years but less than 25 years (men) or 20 years (women) of covered employment.</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: The pension may be deferred for up to 10 years after the normal retirement age.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age social pension (social assistance, income tested):</span> Age 63 (men) or age 58 (women) and does not meet the covered employment requirements for the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account):</span> Must have at least 60 months of covered employment and be assessed with a Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> (total disability, incapacity for any work, and requires constant care), Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> (disability, reduced work capacity, and occasionally requires care), or Group <abbr title="three">III</abbr> (disability and reduced work capacity) disability.</p>
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<p>A territorial or state medical service under the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection assesses the loss of work capacity.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability social pension (social assistance, income tested):</span> Must be assessed with a Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> (total disability, incapacity for any work, and requires constant care), Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> (disability, reduced work capacity, and occasionally requires care), or Group <abbr title="three">III</abbr> (disability and reduced work capacity) disability and have less than 60 months of covered employment.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account):</span> Paid to eligible surviving family members.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include widows aged 58 or older and not receiving an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension, children and grandchildren up to age 23 if studying (no limit if disabled before age 18), and family members caring for the deceased's children up to age 14.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension (social assistance, income tested):</span> Paid to an orphan younger than age 18 (age 23 if a student) who is ineligible for a survivor pension.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account):</span> The monthly pension consists of an <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> benefit and a mandatory individual account benefit.</p>
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<p><span class="h5"><abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> benefit:</span> The benefit is based on the total value of notional contributions divided by the expected repayment period after retirement.</p>
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<p>The total value of notional contributions is based on the number of years of employment before January 1, 1999, and the value of contributions since January 1, 1999.</p>
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<p>The expected repayment period after retirement is 180 months.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account benefit:</span> The benefit is based on the insured's contributions plus accrued interest. If the total account balance at retirement is less than 10 times the minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension, the mandatory individual account benefit is paid as a lump sum.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 180 somoni (August 2018).</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 850 somoni (August 2018).</p>
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<p>Partial pension: The pension is proportionally reduced for each year of covered employment less than the required number for a full pension.</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: The pension is increased by 1% for each year of deferral, up to 10%.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in the cost of living.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age social pension (social assistance, income tested):</span> 60% of the minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is paid.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 180 somoni (August 2018).</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in the cost of living.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account):</span> The monthly disability pension is calculated in the same way as the <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> component of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension for a Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> disability, 85% of that amount for a Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disability, or 70% for a Group <abbr title="three">III</abbr> disability. A mandatory individual account benefit is also paid after reaching the normal retirement age, based on the insured person's contributions plus accrued interest.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly disability pension is 100% of the minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension for a Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> disability, 85% for a Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disability, and 70% for a Group <abbr title="three">III</abbr> disability.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 180 somoni (August 2018).</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in the cost of living.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability social pension (social assistance, income tested):</span> At least 100% of the minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is paid monthly for a Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> disability or a Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disability since childhood, 60% for a Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> since age 18, or a Group <abbr title="three">III</abbr> disability.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 180 somoni (August 2018).</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in the cost of living.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account):</span> The <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> component of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is split among eligible survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension (social assistance, income tested):</span> 60% of the minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is paid for one orphan (100% if a full orphan), 90% for two orphans (150% if full orphans), or 120% for three or more orphans (200% if full orphans).</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 180 somoni (August 2018).</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in the cost of living.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor, Migration, and Employment of the Population (http://www.mehnat.tj/) provides general coordination and supervision.</p>
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<p>State Social Insurance and Pensions Agency (http://nafaka.tj/) and its regional bodies administer the programs with local authorities.</p>
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<p>State Tax Committee (<a href="https://andoz.tj/">https://andoz.tj/</a>) collects contributions.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1989 (labor code).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1997 (social insurance) and 2016 (labor code).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Universal (medical benefits) and social insurance (cash benefits) system.</p>
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<p>Note: A birth grant is paid under Family Allowances.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Universal (medical benefits):</span> Citizens of Tajikistan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance (cash sickness benefit):</span> Employed and self-employed citizens of Tajikistan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance (cash maternity benefit):</span> Citizens of Tajikistan.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (cash benefits):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (cash benefits):</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (cash benefits):</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> The total cost.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (cash benefits):</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash and medical benefits (universal and social insurance):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (social insurance):</span> 60% of the insured's earnings is paid for up to four months (12 months if suffering from tuberculosis) with less than eight years of continuous employment, 70% with eight years or more of continuous employment or if caring for three or more children younger than age 16 (age 20 if a student), 100% for a work injury or occupational disease.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly sickness benefit is 50 somoni.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit (social insurance):</span> 100% of the insured's earnings is paid for 70 days before and 70 days after the expected date of childbirth (86 days for a difficult childbirth; 110 days for multiple births).</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Patients receive medical services directly from public health providers. Benefits include general and specialized care, hospitalization, laboratory services, dental care, maternity care, vaccinations, and transportation. Cost sharing is required for some services.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor, Migration, and Employment of the Population (http://www.mehnat.tj/) provides general coordination and supervision.</p>
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<p>State Social Insurance and Pensions Agency (http://nafaka.tj/) and its regional bodies administer the programs with local authorities.</p>
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<p>State Tax Committee (<a href="https://andoz.tj/">https://andoz.tj/</a>) collects contributions (see Old Age, Disability, and Survivors).</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>There is no specific program for work injuries and occupational diseases. See the sickness benefit paid under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 2003 (employment).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed and self-employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p>Must have at least 18 months of covered employment in the three years before unemployment, be registered at an employment office, be willing and able to work, and not receive income from employment. The benefit may be reduced, suspended, or terminated if the insured is discharged for disobedience, leaving employment without good cause, violating the conditions for job placement or vocational training, or filing a fraudulent claim.</p>
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<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
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<p>A benefit is paid for up to three months: 50% of the insured's gross average monthly earnings in the last six months is paid in the first month, 40% in the second month, and 30% in the third month.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly unemployment benefit is the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 400 somoni.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor, Migration, and Employment of the Population (http://www.mehnat.tj/) provides general coordination and supervision.</p>
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<p>State Agency of Labor and Employment pays benefits.</p>
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<p>State Tax Committee (<a href="https://andoz.tj/">https://andoz.tj/</a>) collects contributions (see Old Age, Disability, and Survivors).</p>
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<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
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|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1997 (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p> Citizens of Tajikistan.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Contributes as an employer; pays the total cost of the birth grant if the parents are not in covered employment.</p>
|
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
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<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> Paid for the birth of a child regardless of whether the parents are in covered employment. There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Childcare allowance:</span> Paid for a child younger than age 18 months. One parent must be in covered work, but there is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
|
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<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> A lump sum of 150 somoni is paid for the first eligible child, 100 somoni for the second child, and 50 somoni for each additional child.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Childcare allowance:</span> 50 somoni a month is paid for an eligible child.</p>
|
|
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Ministry of Labor, Migration, and Employment of the Population (http://www.mehnat.tj/) provides general coordination and supervision.</p>
|
|
<p>State Social Insurance and Pensions Agency (http://nafaka.tj/) and its regional bodies administer the program with local authorities.</p>
|
|
<p>State Tax Committee (<a href="https://andoz.tj/">https://andoz.tj/</a>) collects contributions (see Old Age, Disability, and Survivors).</p>
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</div>
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</article>
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