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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2016</h1>
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<h1>Tajikistan</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 7.80 somoni.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1993 (pensions).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1997 (social insurance); 1999 (personalized accounting system and individual accounts); and 2010 (insurance and state pensions), implemented in 2013.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance, notional defined contribution, mandatory individual account, and social assistance system.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Note:</span> In 2013, a notional defined contribution (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>) program was implemented for all workers regardless of age. Under transitional rules, the rights earned under the social insurance program will be taken into account.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>:</span> Employed and self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory individual account:</span> Employed persons.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Employed and self-employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> 1% of earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>:</span> 20% of declared income. </p>
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<p>The minimum monthly contribution is 120 somoni.</p>
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<p>The self-employed person's contributions also finance unemployment benefits and family allowances.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>:</span> 25% of payroll.</p>
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<p>The employer's contributions also finance sickness, maternity, unemployment benefits, and family allowances.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> Provides partial subsidies.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (social insurance):</span> Age 63 with at least 25 years of covered employment (men) or age 58 with at least 20 years of covered employment (women); the age and number of years of covered employment required for a full pension are reduced for mothers with five or more children or children with disabilities. A minimum pension is paid with at least five years of covered employment.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> The qualifying conditions are the same as those required for the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Deferred <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension (social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> The pension may be deferred.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age social pension (social assistance):</span> Age 63 (men) or age 58 (women) and does not meet the covered employment requirements for the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension (social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (social insurance):</span> Paid to persons disabled while in military service, children younger than age 16 with disabilities, and persons with disabilities since childhood. Must have at least 60 months of covered employment and be assessed with a Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> (total disability, incapacity for any work, and requires constant care); Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> (disability, reduced working capacity, and occasionally requires care); or Group <abbr title="three">III</abbr> (disability and reduced working capacity) disability.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance allowance: Paid to persons with Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> and <abbr title="two">II</abbr> visual impairments.</p>
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<p>Dependent's supplement: Paid to persons with Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> and <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disabilities for nonworking dependents.</p>
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<p>A territorial or state medical service under the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection assesses the loss of working capacity.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> The qualifying conditions are the same as those required for the disability pension (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability social pension (social assistance):</span> Paid to persons with Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> and Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disabilities who do not qualify for the disability pension (social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>) if the disability began after childhood or for disabled children younger than age 16.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (social insurance):</span> Paid to surviving dependent family members.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> Paid to surviving family members.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include widows aged 58 or older and not receiving an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension, children and grandchildren aged 23 or younger if studying (no limit if disabled before age 18), and family members caring for the deceased's children aged 14 and younger.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension (social assistance):</span> Paid to an orphan aged 18 or younger who is ineligible for a survivor pension.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (social insurance):</span> The maximum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension (social insurance) is 80% of the insured's annual earnings in the last two years before retirement.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> The pension is based on the value of contributions made to the notional account, the number of months of covered employment and average life expectancy of the insured's cohort.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 156 somoni (July 2016).</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 748 somoni (July 2016).</p>
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<p>The expected repayment period is 120 months after retirement.</p>
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<p>Deferred <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension: The pension is increased by 1% for each year of deferral, up to 10%.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually according to changes in the cost of living.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory individual account:</span> The benefit is based on the insured's contributions plus accrued interest.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age social pension (social assistance):</span> 60% of the minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is paid a month.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 156 somoni (July 2016).</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 748 somoni (July 2016).</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually according to changes in the cost of living.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (social insurance):</span> 200% of the minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is paid monthly for a Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> disability, 150% for a Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disability, and 120% for a Group <abbr title="three">III</abbr> disability.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 156 somoni (July 2016).</p>
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<p>Dependent's supplement: 50% of the minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is paid monthly for each eligible dependent.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually according to changes in the cost of living.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> At least 100% of the minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is paid monthly.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 156 somoni (July 2016).</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually according to changes in the cost of living.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability social pension (social assistance):</span> At least 100% of the minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is paid monthly for a Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> disability; 50% for a Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disability.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 156 somoni (July 2016).</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually according to changes in the cost of living.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> The <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is split among eligible survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension (social assistance):</span> 60% of the minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is paid.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 156 somoni (July 2016).</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually according to changes in the cost of living.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor, Migration and Employment of the Population (http://www.mehnat.tj/) provides general coordination and supervision.</p>
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<p>State Social Insurance and Pension Agency (http://nafaka.tj/tj/) and its regional bodies administer the programs with local authorities.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1997 (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance (cash benefits) and universal (medical benefits) system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits:</span> Employed and self-employed citizens of Tajikistan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits and medical benefits:</span> Citizens of Tajikistan.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> 20% of declared income; 15 somoni a month for certain categories of self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash and medical benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 60% of earnings is paid with less than five years of work; 70% with five years or more; 100% for a work injury or occupational disease.</p>
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<p>The minimum sickness benefit is 50 somoni (January 2017).</p>
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<p>The benefit is paid for three days to care for a sick family member; seven days in certain cases or 14 days if caring for a child younger than age 14.</p>
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<p>Fourteen days of unpaid leave is provided to women caring for children younger than age 3, a woman or a single parent raising two or more children younger than age 14, or a man whose wife is on maternity leave. Workers with disabilities are entitled to 30 days of unpaid leave.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 100% of earnings is paid for 70 days before and 70 days after the expected date of childbirth (86 days for a difficult childbirth; 110 days for multiple births).</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Patients receive medical services directly from public health providers. Benefits include general and specialized care, hospitalization, laboratory services, dental care, maternity care, vaccinations, and transportation. Cost sharing is required for some services.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor, Migration and Employment of the Population (http://www.mehnat.tj/) provides general coordination and supervision.</p>
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<p>State Social Insurance and Pension Agency (http://nafaka.tj/tj/) and its regional bodies administer the programs with local authorities.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 2003 (employment).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed and self-employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p>Must have at least 18 months of covered employment in the three years before unemployment, be registered at an employment office, be able and willing to work, and receiving no income from employment. The benefit may be reduced, suspended, or terminated if the insured is discharged for disobedience, leaving employment without good cause, violating the conditions for job placement or vocational training, or filing a fraudulent claim.</p>
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<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
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<p>A benefit is paid for up to three months: 50% of the insured's gross average monthly earnings in the last six months is paid in the first month, 40% in the second, 30% in the third.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly benefit is the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 400 somoni (July 2016).</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor, Migration and Employment of the Population (http://www.mehnat.tj/) provides general coordination and supervision.</p>
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<p>State Agency of Labor and Employment pays benefits.</p>
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<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1997 (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Citizens of Tajikistan.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
|
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<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> A lump sum of 150 somoni is paid for the first child, 100 somoni for the second child, and 50 somoni for each subsequent child, regardless of whether the parents are in covered work.</p>
|
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<p><span class="h4">Child care allowance:</span> 40 somoni a month is paid until the child reaches age 18 months. One parent must be in covered work.</p>
|
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Ministry of Labor, Migration and Employment of the Population (http://www.mehnat.tj/) provides general coordination and supervision.</p>
|
|
<p>State Social Insurance and Pensions Agency (http://nafaka.tj/tj/) and its regional bodies administer the programs with local authorities.</p>
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