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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2017</h1>
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<h1>Dominica</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 2.70 East Caribbean dollars (<abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$).</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1970 (provident fund).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1975 (social security) and 2012 (social security regulations).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons, self-employed persons, and apprentices.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage is available.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 5.50% (rising to 5.75% in 2018 and 6% in 2019) of weekly covered earnings; 10.15% of covered earnings for the voluntarily insured.</p>
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<p>There are no minimum earnings used to calculate contributions.</p>
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<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$72,000.</p>
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<p>The insured person's contributions also finance sickness and maternity benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 11.5% of covered declared net earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$7,200.</p>
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<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$72,000.</p>
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<p>The self-employed person's contributions also finance sickness and maternity benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 6.75% of covered payroll.</p>
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<p>There are no minimum earnings used to calculate contributions.</p>
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<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$72,000.</p>
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<p>The employer's contributions also finance sickness and maternity benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 63 (rising by six months each year until reaching 65 in 2021) with at least 500 weeks of paid or credited contributions, including at least 150 weeks of paid contributions.</p>
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<p>Contributions are credited for each complete contributory week the insured received sickness, maternity, or temporary work injury benefits. Contributions may be credited under certain conditions for each complete contributory week the insured received permanent total disability work injury benefits.</p>
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<p>Early pension: Age 60 with at least 500 weeks of paid or credited contributions, including at least 150 weeks of paid contributions.</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: The pension may be deferred indefinitely.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age grant:</span> Age 63 (rising by six months each year until reaching 65 in 2021) with at least 50 weeks but less than 500 weeks of paid or credited contributions.</p>
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<p>Contributions are credited for each complete contributory week the insured received sickness, maternity, or temporary work injury benefits. Contributions may be credited under certain conditions for each complete contributory week the insured received permanent total disability work injury benefits.</p>
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<p>Old-age benefits are payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Must be younger than age 60, assessed with a permanent incapacity for work, and have at least 150 weeks of paid or credited contributions.</p>
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<p>Contributions are credited for each complete contributory week the insured received sickness, maternity, or temporary work injury benefits. Contributions may be credited under certain conditions for each complete contributory week the insured received permanent total disability work injury benefits.</p>
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<p>The disability pension ceases at the normal retirement age and is replaced by an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension of the same value.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability grant:</span> Must be younger than age 60, assessed with a permanent incapacity for work, and have at least 50 but less than 150 weeks of paid or credited contributions.</p>
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<p>Contributions are credited for each complete contributory week the insured received sickness, maternity, or temporary work injury benefits. Contributions may be credited under certain conditions for each complete contributory week the insured received permanent total disability work injury benefits.</p>
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<p>A medical referee assesses the incapacity for work.</p>
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<p>Disability benefits are payable abroad if the purpose of travel is to receive medical treatment.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension at the time of death.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include a dependent spouse; dependent children younger than age 16 (age 21 if a student, unmarried, and unemployed; no limit if disabled); and dependent parents and grandparents of pensionable age, if there is no surviving spouse or dependent child.</p>
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<p>The survivor pension ceases upon remarriage or cohabitation.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor grant:</span> The deceased had at least 50 weeks of paid or credited contributions but did not qualify for an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension at the time of death.</p>
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<p>Contributions are credited for each complete contributory week the insured received sickness, maternity, or temporary work injury benefits. Contributions may be credited under certain conditions for each complete contributory week the insured received permanent total disability work injury benefits.</p>
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<p>Survivor benefits are payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age,</span> disability, sickness, or maternity benefit. Paid when the insured, the insured's uninsured spouse, or one of the insured's dependent children younger than age 21 (if a student, unmarried, and unemployed) dies.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 30% of the insured's average earnings plus 1% for each <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of contributions exceeding 500 weeks is paid.</p>
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<p>Average earnings are based on the insured's best 10 years of earnings in the last 15 years.</p>
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<p>The minimum weekly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$75.00.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 60% of the insured's average monthly earnings.</p>
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<p>Early pension: The pension is reduced by 0.5% a month for each month the pensioner is younger than the pensionable age.</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: The pension increases by 6% for each complete year of deferral.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age grant:</span> A lump sum of three times the insured's average weekly covered earnings is paid for each <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of paid or credited contributions.</p>
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<p>Average weekly covered earnings are the total covered earnings divided by the total number of weeks of contributions.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted every three years according to changes in the consumer price index.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> 30% of the insured's average earnings plus 1% for each <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of contributions exceeding 500 weeks is paid.</p>
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<p>Average earnings are based on the insured's best 10 years of earnings in the last 15 years or the number of years worked if less than 10.</p>
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<p>The minimum weekly disability pension is <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$75.00.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly disability pension is 60% of the insured's average monthly earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability grant:</span> A lump sum of three times the insured's average weekly covered earnings is paid for each <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of paid or credited contributions.</p>
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<p>Average weekly covered earnings are the total covered earnings divided by the total number of weeks of contributions.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted every three years according to changes in the consumer price index.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Spouse's pension:</span> 50% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a <span class="nobr">widow(er).</span> If the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>was married to the deceased for less than three years or is younger than age 50, the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> receives a survivor pension for one year or while caring for dependent children.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Orphan's pension:</span> 25% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid for each of the first two eligible children (33% if a full orphan or disabled). If there are more than two children, the total pension amount is split equally.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Other eligible survivor's pension:</span> If there is no eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or orphan, 50% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a dependent parent or grandparent.</p>
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<p>The maximum combined survivor benefit is 100% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor grant:</span> A lump sum of three times the deceased's average weekly covered earnings is paid for each <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of paid or credited contributions.</p>
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<p>Average weekly covered earnings are the insured's total covered earnings divided by the total number of weeks of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum is paid to the person who pays for the funeral. <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$2,600 is paid when the insured dies; <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$2,184 for the death of an uninsured spouse; and <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$1,092 for the death of a dependent child.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted every three years according to changes in the consumer price index.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Finance (<a href="https://finance.gov.dm/">http://finance.gov.dm/</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Dominica Social Security (http://www.dss.dm/), governed by the Social Security Board, administers the social insurance program.</p>
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<p>Division of Social Welfare of the Ministry of Social Services, Family and Gender Affairs (http://socialservices.gov.dm/index.php/divisions/social-welfare-division) administers social assistance benefits.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1975 (social security).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system. Cash benefits only.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons, self-employed persons, and apprentices.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefit:</span> Employed persons must have at least 13 weeks of insured employment immediately before the incapacity began, including at least eight weeks of paid contributions. Self-employed persons must have at least 52 weeks of insured employment immediately before the incapacity began, including at least two quarters of paid contributions in the last three consecutive quarters. The incapacity must last at least four days.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefit:</span> Employed persons must have at least 30 weeks of contributions, including at least 20 weeks in the <span class="nobr">30-week</span> period before maternity leave began. Self-employed persons must have at least three quarters of paid contributions in the four consecutive quarters before the quarter in which maternity leave began.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity grant:</span> Paid to an insured woman or the uninsured spouse of an insured man. Employed persons must have at least 26 weeks of paid contributions in the <span class="nobr">52-week</span> period before the expected date of childbirth. Self-employed persons must have at least three quarters of paid contributions in the four consecutive quarters before the expected date of childbirth.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 60% of the insured's average weekly earnings in the last 13 weeks is paid from the first day of incapacity. The benefit is paid for up to 26 weeks.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 60% of the insured's average weekly earnings in the last 30 weeks is paid three weeks before and nine weeks after the expected date of childbirth; in certain cases, the benefit may be paid from six weeks before and up to six weeks after the expected date of childbirth.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity grant:</span> A lump sum of <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$500 is paid for each child.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
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<p>Public hospitals and clinics under the Ministry of Health provide primary and secondary health care to the general population.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Finance (<a href="https://finance.gov.dm/">http://finance.gov.dm/</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Dominica Social Security (http://www.dss.dm/), governed by the Social Security Board, administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1938 (workmen's compensation).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1985 (employment injury and occupational diseases).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons, including apprentices.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 0.5% of gross payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p>Must be assessed with a work injury or occupational disease. The disability must last at least four days.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>60% of the insured's average earnings in the last 13 weeks is paid for up to 26 weeks until the disability ends or certification of permanent disability.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>Up to 60% of the insured's average earnings in the last 13 weeks is paid, according to the assessed degree of disability.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance allowance: If the insured is assessed with a 100% disability and requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions, 50% of the insured's permanent disability benefit is paid. The allowance is suspended if the insured is hospitalized.</p>
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<p>If the assessed degree of disability is less than 30%, a lump sum is paid.</p>
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<p>A medical referee assesses the incapacity for work.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical expenses of up to <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$6,000 are reimbursed for local and overseas treatment of work injuries and occupational diseases.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Spouse's pension:</span> 50% of the permanent disability benefit the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a dependent <span class="nobr">widow(er).</span></p>
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<p>The survivor pension ceases upon remarriage or cohabitation.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Orphan's pension:</span> 25% of the permanent disability benefit the deceased received or was entitled to receive (33% if a full orphan or disabled) is paid for each of the first two dependent children younger than age 16 (age 21 if a student, unmarried, and unemployed; no limit if disabled). If there are more than two orphans, the total pension amount is split equally.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly orphan's pension is <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$50.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Other eligible survivor's pension:</span> If there is no eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or orphan, 50% of the permanent disability benefit the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a dependent parent or grandparent.</p>
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<p>The maximum combined survivor benefit is 100% of the permanent disability benefit the deceased received or was entitled to receive.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum is paid to the person who pays for the funeral. <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$2,600 is paid when the insured dies; <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$2,184 when the dependent spouse of an insured person receiving permanent disability benefits dies; and <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$1,092 when a dependent child, of an insured person receiving permanent disability benefits, younger than age 18 dies, if unmarried and unemployed.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Finance (<a href="https://finance.gov.dm/">http://finance.gov.dm/</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Dominica Social Security (http://www.dss.dm/), governed by the Social Security Board, administers the social insurance program.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>The Protection of Employment Act (1984) requires employers to provide severance pay in cases of redundancy for employees with at least three years of continuous service. The benefit amount varies according to the length of service: with up to five years, one week of the employee's pay for each year of service plus two weeks of pay for each year of service exceeding three years; with more than five but less than 10 years of service, nine weeks of pay plus two weeks for each year of service exceeding five years; with more than 10 years of service, 19 weeks of pay plus three weeks for each year of service exceeding 10 years (up to a maximum of 52 weeks of pay).</p>
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<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>No known statutory benefits are provided.</p>
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<p>The public assistance program provides cash benefits of <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$150 a month to needy adults and <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$127.50 a month to needy children, up to a maximum of <abbr class="spell">EC</abbr>$375 per family.</p>
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