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<title>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2017 - Chad</title>
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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2017</h1>
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<h1>Chad</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 621.73 CFA francs.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1977 (pensions) and 1978 (old age, disability, and survivors).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Salaried workers regulated by the labor code.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>Special system for civil servants.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 3.5% of gross earnings.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 500,000 CFA francs.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 5% of gross payroll.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 500,000 CFA francs.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer for public-sector employees who are not civil servants.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 60 (age 55 if prematurely aged) with at least 180 months of coverage.</p>
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<p>Employment must cease.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> Age 60 with less than 180 months of coverage.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Must be assessed with at least a 66.7% loss of earning capacity and have been registered with the fund for at least five years, including at least six months of contributions in the year before the disability began. There is no qualifying period if the disability is the result of a nonoccupational accident.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance allowance: Paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include a widow aged 40 or older who was married to the deceased for at least one year and pregnant, disabled, or caring for a child; a dependent, disabled widower who was married to the deceased for at least one year; and children younger than age 15 (age 18 if an apprentice, age 21 if a student or disabled).</p>
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<p>The <span class="nobr">widow(er)'s</span> pension ceases upon remarriage.</p>
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<p>Remarriage settlement: Paid to the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> upon remarriage.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> Paid if the deceased did not qualify for an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include a widow aged 40 or older who was married to the deceased for at least one year and pregnant, disabled, or caring for a child; and children younger than age 15 (age 18 if an apprentice, age 21 if a student or disabled).</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 30% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last three or five years, whichever is greater, plus 1.2% of average monthly earnings for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of coverage exceeding 180 months, up to 80%, is paid.</p>
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<p>If the insured is prematurely aged, the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is reduced by 5% for each year the pension is claimed before the normal retirement age. At the normal retirement age, the insured is entitled to the full <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly pension is 60% of the national monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The national monthly minimum wage is 59,995 CFA francs.</p>
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<p>Benefits are paid quarterly.</p>
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<p>Benefits are adjusted by decree according to changes in the cost of living and the minimum wage, depending on the financial resources of the system.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> A lump sum of one month of the insured's earnings in the last three or five years, whichever is greater, is paid for each year of coverage.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> 30% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last three or five years, whichever is greater, plus 1.2% of average monthly earnings for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of coverage exceeding 180 months, up to 80%, is paid. For each year that a claim is made before the insured reaches the normal retirement age, the insured is credited with one year of coverage.</p>
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<p>The disability pension ceases at the normal retirement age and is replaced by an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension of the same amount.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly pension is 60% of the national monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The national monthly minimum wage is 59,995 CFA francs.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance allowance: 50% of the pension is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefits are paid quarterly.</p>
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<p>Benefits are adjusted by decree according to changes in the cost of living and the minimum wage, depending on the financial resources of the system.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Spouse's pension:</span> 50% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid. If there is more than one eligible widow, the pension is split equally.</p>
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<p>Remarriage settlement: A lump sum of six months of the spouse's pension is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Orphan's pension:</span> 25% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid for each orphan; 40% for each full orphan.</p>
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<p>The maximum combined survivor benefit is 100% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive.</p>
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<p>Benefits are paid quarterly.</p>
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<p>Benefits are adjusted by decree according to changes in the cost of living and the minimum wage, depending on the financial resources of the system.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> A lump sum of one month of wages is paid for each year of coverage.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Public Affairs, Employment, and Social Dialogue provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Social Insurance Fund administers the programs.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1952.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1966 (social insurance) and 1996 (labor code).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance (cash maternity benefits) and employer-liability system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> Employed women and spouses of employed men.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer liability:</span> Employed persons.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons, civil servants, public-sector workers, magistrates, and military personnel.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> See source of funds under Family Allowances.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> Subsidizes the program.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits (employer liability):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits (social insurance):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Prenatal allowance (social insurance):</span> See Family Allowances.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Birth grant (social insurance):</span> See Family Allowances.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (employer liability):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's earnings is paid for up to six months.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit (social insurance):</span> 50% of the insured's last daily earnings is paid for six weeks before and eight weeks after the expected date of childbirth; may be extended for up to three weeks if there are complications arising from pregnancy or childbirth.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Prenatal allowance (social insurance):</span> See Family Allowances.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Birth grant (social insurance):</span> See Family Allowances.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>No statutory social insurance benefits are provided.</p>
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<p>National Health Insurance Fund provides some health services.</p>
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<p>The Labor Code (1996) requires employers to pay for the medical costs relating to childbirth that are not covered by the National Social Insurance Fund.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Public Affairs, Employment, and Social Dialogue provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1935.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1966 (social insurance), implemented in 1970.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>Special system for civil servants.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 4% of gross payroll.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 500,000 CFA francs.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Subsidizes the program.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p>There is no minimum qualifying period. The work accident must be reported within 48 hours.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>66.7% of the insured's average daily earnings in the 30 days before the disability began is paid from the day after the disability began until full recovery or until certification of permanent disability (after two years).</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> If the insured is assessed with a total (100%) disability, 100% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the 12 months before the disability began is paid.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: The benefit is the insured's average annual earnings in the 12 months before the disability began multiplied by 0.5% for each degree of assessed disability from 10% to 50%, plus average annual earnings multiplied by 1.5% for each degree of assessed disability greater than 50%. For a loss of working capacity of less than 10%, a lump sum is paid.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate benefits are six times the national monthly minimum wage plus 33.3% of monthly earnings from six to 25 times the national monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly pension is 1.35 times the national monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The national monthly minimum wage is 59,995 CFA francs.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance allowance: If the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions, 40% of the permanent disability pension is paid.</p>
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<p>Pensions are normally paid quarterly. If the insured is assessed with a 100% disability, the pension is paid monthly; with at least a 75% disability, the insured may be paid monthly on request. The insured may choose to receive up to 25% of the pension as a lump sum.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Benefits include medical and surgical care, hospitalization, medicine, appliances, and transportation.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Spouse's pension:</span> 30% of the permanent disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid quarterly.</p>
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<p>The spouse's pension ceases upon remarriage.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Orphan's pension:</span> 15% of the permanent disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid quarterly for each orphan younger than age 15 (age 18 if an apprentice, age 21 if a student or disabled); 20% for each full orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Other dependents' pension:</span> 10% of the permanent disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid quarterly to each dependent relative, up to a total of 30%.</p>
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<p>The maximum combined survivor benefit is 85% of the deceased's average monthly or annual earnings used to calculate the permanent disability pension.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate benefits are six times the national monthly minimum wage plus 33.3% of monthly earnings from six to 25 times the national monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The national monthly minimum wage is 59,995 CFA francs.</p>
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<p>Benefits are paid quarterly.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Public Affairs, Employment, and Social Dialogue provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>Under the labor code (1996), employers are required to provide severance pay to a dismissed employee who was employed for at least two years with no serious misconduct. The amount is a percentage of the insured's gross monthly salary for each year of service according to the length of service: 25% a year is paid for two to five years; 30% for five to 10 years; 35% for more than 10 years.</p>
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<p>Employers are also required to pay compensation to an employee dismissed due to an assessed work injury or occupational disease who was employed for at least one year. The payment is a percentage of gross monthly salary for each year of service according to the length of service: 30% a year is paid for two to five years; 35% for five to 10 years; 40% for more than 10 years.</p>
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<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1956.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1966 (social insurance) and 1996 (labor code).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>Special system for civil servants.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 7.5% of covered payroll.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 500,000 CFA francs.</p>
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<p>The employer's contributions also finance maternity benefits under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Subsidizes the program.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Family allowance:</span> Paid for children younger than age 20 (age 18 if an apprentice, age 21 if a student or disabled) and reside in Chad. The parent must have at least six consecutive months of employment and work at least 20 days a month.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Prenatal allowance:</span> Paid for women who undergo regularly prescribed medical examinations during pregnancy. The birth must be medically supervised.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> Paid for the first three births of the first marriage.</p>
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<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Family allowance:</span> 2,000 CFA francs a month is paid for each eligible child.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Prenatal allowance:</span> A lump sum of 18,000 CFA francs is paid for each birth.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> A lump sum of 20,000 CFA francs is paid for each of the first three births.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Public Affairs, Employment, and Social Dialogue provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
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