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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2014</h1>
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<h1>Tajikistan</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 4.80 somoni.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1993 (pensions); in force until 2017; 1997 (social insurance); 1999 (personalized accounting system and individual accounts); and 2010 (insurance and state pensions), implemented in 2013.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance, notional defined contribution, mandatory individual account, and social assistance system.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Note:</span> In 2013 a notional defined contribution (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>) program was implemented for all workers regardless of age. Under transitional rules the rights earned under the social insurance program will be taken into account.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>:</span> All employed and self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory individual account:</span> All employed persons.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Persons ineligible for benefits under social insurance.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> 1% of earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>:</span> 20% of declared income; certain categories of self-employed. Pay a <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> contribution of 15 somoni.</p>
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<p>The self-employed person's contributions also finance unemployment benefits, and family allowances.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>:</span> 25% of payroll.</p>
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<p>The employer's contributions also finance sickness and maternity, unemployment benefits and family allowance.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> Provides partial subsidies.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> Age 63 with at least 25 years of covered employment (men) or age 58 with at least 20 years (women); the age and number of years of covered employment required for a full pension are reduced for mothers with five or more children or children with disabilities. A minimum pension is paid with at least five years of covered employment.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Deferred <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension (social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> Must have reached the normal retirement age.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age social pension (social assistance):</span> Age 63 (men) or age 58 (women) and ineligible for the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension (social insurance and <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (social insurance):</span> Paid according to three groups of assessed disability with at least 60 months of coverage: Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> (total disability, incapacity for any work, and requires constant care); Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> (disability, reduced working capacity, and occasionally requires care); and Group <abbr title="three">III</abbr> (disability and reduced working capacity).</p>
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<p>Eligible persons include persons disabled while in military service, children younger than age 16 with disabilities, and persons with disabilities since childhood.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance allowance: Paid to persons with Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> and <abbr title="two">II</abbr> visual impairments.</p>
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<p>Dependent's supplement: Paid to persons with Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> and <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disabilities for nonworking dependents.</p>
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<p>A territorial or state medical service under the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection assesses the loss of working capacity.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability social pension (social assistance):</span> Paid to persons with disabilities who are ineligible for the social insurance disability pension if the disability began after childhood or for disabled children younger than age 16.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (social insurance and social assistance):</span> Paid to surviving dependent family members regardless of whether the deceased was insured.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (social insurance):</span> 55% of the insured's average earnings in the last two years before retirement is paid, plus 1% for each year of covered employment exceeding 25 years (men) or 20 years (women), up to 80%.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> The pension is based on the value of contributions made to the notional account, the number of months the insured was covered and average life expectancy of the insured's cohort.</p>
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<p>The minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 130 somoni a month.</p>
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<p>The maximum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 624 somoni a month.</p>
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<p>Deferred <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension: 1% for each year of deferred retirement is paid, up to 10%.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Benefit adjustment:</span> Benefits are adjusted annually according to changes in the cost of living. Mandatory individual account: The benefit is based on the insured's contributions plus accrued interest.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age social pension (social assistance):</span> 50% of the minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is paid a month.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (social insurance):</span> 200% (Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr>), 150% (Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr>) and 120% (Group <abbr title="three">III</abbr>) of a basic amount is paid.</p>
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<p>The basic amount is equal to the minimum pension.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is 130 somoni a month.</p>
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<p>Dependent's supplement (Groups <abbr title="one">I</abbr> and <abbr title="two">II</abbr>): 50% of a basic amount is paid a month for each eligible dependent.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually according to changes in the cost of living.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability social pension (social assistance):</span> At least 100% (Group 1) and 50% (Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr>) of the minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is paid each month.</p>
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<p>The minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 130 somoni a month.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (social insurance):</span> The <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is split among eligible survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (social assistance):</span> 50% of the deceased's earnings but not less than 50% of minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is paid for each eligible survivor. The minimum survivor pension is 52% of the legal monthly minimum wage (130 somoni).</p>
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<p>The maximum survivor pension is 249% of the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 250 somoni.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually according to changes in the cost of living.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor, Migration and Employment of the Population (http://www.mehnat.tj) provides general coordination and supervision.</p>
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<p>State Social Insurance and Pension Agency (http://www.nafaka.tj) and its regional bodies administer the program with local authorities.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1997</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1997 (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance (cash benefits) and universal (medical benefits) system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits:</span> Employed and self-employed citizens of Tajikistan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits and medical benefits:</span> Citizens of Tajikistan.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> 20% of declared income; certain categories of self-employed pay 15 somoni a month.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash and medical benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 60% of earnings is paid with less than five years of work; 70% with five years or more; 100% in case of work injury or occupational diseases.</p>
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<p>The benefit is paid for three days to care for a sick family member; seven days in certain cases or 14 days if caring for a child younger than age 14.</p>
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<p>Fourteen days of unpaid leave is provided to women caring for children younger than age 3, a woman or a single parent raising two or more children younger than age 14, or a man whose wife is on maternity leave. Workers with disabilities are entitled to 30 days of unpaid leave.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 100% of earnings is paid for 70 days before and 70 days after the expected date of childbirth (86 days for a difficult childbirth; 110 days for multiple births).</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Patients receive medical services directly from public health providers. Benefits include general and specialized care, hospitalization, laboratory services, dental care, maternity care, vaccinations, and transportation. Cost sharing is required for some services.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits for dependents:</span> Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor, Migration and Employment of the Population (http://www.mehnat.tj) provides general coordination and supervision.</p>
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<p>State Social Insurance and Pension Agency (http://www.nafaka.tj) and its regional bodies administer the program with local authorities.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 2003 (employment).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>All employed and self-employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Unemployment benefits:</span> Must be registered at an employment office, able and willing to work, and receiving no income from employment. The benefit may be reduced, suspended, or terminated if the insured is discharged for disobedience, leaving employment without good cause, violating the conditions for job placement or vocational training, or filing a fraudulent claim.</p>
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<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
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<p>50% of the insured's gross average earnings is paid for six months.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor, Migration and Employment of the Population (http://www.mehnat.tj) provides general coordination and supervision.</p>
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<p>State Agency of Labor and Employment pay benefits.</p>
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<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1997</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1997 (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Citizens of Tajikistan.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> A lump sum of 120 somoni is paid for the first child, 80 somoni for the second child, and 40 somoni for each subsequent child, regardless of whether parents are in covered work.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Child care allowance:</span> 40 somoni a month is paid until the child reaches age 18 months. One parent must be in covered work.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor, Migration and Employment of the Population (http://www.mehnat.tj) provides general coordination and supervision.</p>
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<p>State Social Insurance and Pensions Agency (http://www.nafaka.tj) and its regional bodies administer the program with local authorities.</p>
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