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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2014</h1>
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<h1>Syria</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00&nbsp;= 143.15&nbsp;pounds.</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1959 (social insurance).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employees in industry, commerce, and agriculture; self-employed persons; civil servants and military personnel; freelance workers; household workers; and employers.</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage for Syrians working abroad.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Temporary workers.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 7% of earnings (plus an optional 1% of earnings for voluntary supplementary disability and death benefits).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 21.1% of declared earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 14% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age&nbsp;60 (men) or age&nbsp;55 (women) with at least 15&nbsp;years of contributions; age&nbsp;55 (men) or age&nbsp;50 (women) with at least 20&nbsp;years of contributions; at any age&nbsp;with at least 25&nbsp;years of contributions (with at least 15&nbsp;years of contributions if engaged in physically&nbsp;demanding or dangerous work).</p>
<p>Old-age increment: The insured had at least 30&nbsp;years of contributions.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> Age&nbsp;60 (men) or age&nbsp;55 (women) and does not meet the contribution requirements for the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Assessed with at least an 80% loss of working capacity. Must have at least six consecutive months of contributions or 12 nonconsecutive months of contributions. The disability began during employment or within six months after leaving employment but is not due to a work injury.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit (voluntary insurance):</span> Assessed with a degree of disability of greater than 35%. The disability may be due to a work injury.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased met the contribution requirements for the disability pension or was a pensioner at the time of death. The death was not the result of a work injury.</p>
<p>Eligible survivors include an unemployed widow of any age or a disabled widower, orphans younger than age&nbsp;21 (age&nbsp;24 if disabled), and dependent parents.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Death benefit (voluntary insurance):</span> Paid to eligible survivors when the insured dies.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> Paid toward the cost of the funeral.</p>
<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 2.5% of the insured's base earnings multiplied by the number of years of contributions is paid.</p>
<p>For civil servants and military personnel, the pension is increased by 25% for the first 10,000&nbsp;pounds of the pension paid; 20% for the next 10,000&nbsp;pounds, and 10% for any amount above 20,000&nbsp;pounds.</p>
<p>The base earnings are the insured's average monthly earnings in the previous year. (Increases or decreases in the insured's salary of more than 15% in a <span class="nobr">two-year</span> period or 30% in a <span class="nobr">five-year</span> period are not taken into account.)</p>
<p>The minimum pension is the legal minimum wage.</p>
<p>The legal minimum wage is 6,110&nbsp;pounds.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly pension is 75% of base earnings.</p>
<p>Old-age increment: A lump sum of one month of the pension is paid for each year of contributions exceeding 30&nbsp;years, up to five months of the pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> A lump sum of 11% to 15% of total covered earnings is paid.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> 40% of the insured's base earnings plus 2% for each year of covered employment, up to 80% of the insured's base earnings, is paid.</p>
<p>The base earnings are the insured's average monthly earnings in the previous year. (Increases or decreases in the insured's salary of more than 15% in a <span class="nobr">two-year</span> period or 30% in a <span class="nobr">five-year</span> period are not taken into account.)</p>
<p>The minimum pension is the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 6,110&nbsp;pounds.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly pension is 80% of the insured's base earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit (voluntary insurance):</span> A lump sum of 50% of the insured's covered earnings in the previous year is paid. The benefit is increased by 50% if the insured has a total disability as a result of an occupational injury.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Spouse's&nbsp;pension:</span> 50% of the disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to an eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>; 37.5% with one or more other eligible survivors.</p>
<p>A widow may receive both the spouse's pension and the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> The total orphans' pension is 37.5% of the disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive; or 25% if there is only one eligible orphan. If there are no other eligible survivors, the total orphan's pension is 75% of the disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive; or 50% for each eligible full orphan.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Dependent parent's pension:</span> If there is no eligible spouse or orphan, 25% of the disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to each dependent parent; 12.5% if there is either an eligible spouse or orphan, or both.</p>
<p>All survivor pensions combined must not exceed 80% of the disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Death benefit (voluntary insurance):</span> A lump sum of 100% of the deceased's earnings in the previous year is paid to a survivor. The lump sum is increased by 50% if the insured's death was caused by a work injury.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of three months of the insured's earnings is paid.</p>
<p>The maximum funeral grant is 100&nbsp;pounds.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Social Insurance Institution (http://taminat.gov.sy), managed by a tripartite board of directors and a director general, administers the program through regional and district offices.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1985 (public service), with 2002 amendments (maternity).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability (maternity benefits) and universal (medical benefits) system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits:</span> No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits (employer liability):</span> Employed persons.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Residents of Syria.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Cash maternity benefits:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Cash maternity benefits:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Cash maternity benefits:</span> The total cost.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Cash maternity benefits:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> The total cost.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits:</span> No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits (employer liability):</span> Must have at least six months of employment with the same employer.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits:</span> No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's normal wage is paid for 120&nbsp;days for the first child, 90&nbsp;days for the second child, and 75&nbsp;days for the third child.</p>
<p>Job-protected leave without pay may be requested for up to one year for each child for child care for up to three children. Breastfeeding breaks are provided for up to one hour a day until the child reaches age&nbsp;1.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Government clinics and health centers provide limited health services free of charge.</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for workers.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor oversees cash maternity benefits.</p>
<p>Ministry of Health provides general supervision and administers medical benefits.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1959 (social insurance).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employees in industry, commerce, and agriculture; municipal workers; and public-sector employees.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Household workers and self-employed persons.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 3% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>80% of the insured's monthly earnings before the injury occurred is paid for the first month; 100% thereafter. The benefit is paid from the day after the injury occurred for up to 12&nbsp;months.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly benefit is 2,000&nbsp;pounds.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> 75% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the previous year is paid for a total disability.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly pension is 458&nbsp;pounds.</p>
<p>Work injury benefits can be combined with other pension entitlements.</p>
<p>Partial disability pension: For an assessed degree of disability of at least 35%, a percentage of the full pension is paid according to the assessed degree of disability.</p>
<p>For an assessed degree of disability of less than 35%, a lump sum of 5.5&nbsp;years of the partial disability pension is paid.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical benefits include general and specialist care, surgery, hospitalization, drugs, <span class="nobr">X-rays,</span> appliances, and rehabilitation.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension:</span> If there is no eligible orphan or dependent parent, 62.5% of the disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to an eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>; 50% if there is an eligible dependent parent but no orphan; 37.5% if there are both eligible orphans and dependent parents.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> The total orphans' pension is 50% of the disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive or 37.5% if there is only one eligible orphan. If there are no other eligible survivors, the total orphan's pension is 75% of the disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive or 62.5% for each eligible full orphan.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Dependent parent's pension:</span> If there is no eligible spouse or orphan, 25% of the disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to each dependent parent; 12.5% if there is either an eligible spouse or&nbsp;orphan, or both.</p>
<p>All survivor pensions combined must not exceed 80% of the disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of one month of the insured's earnings is paid.</p>
<p>The maximum funeral grant is 80&nbsp;pounds.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Social Insurance Institution (http://taminat.gov.sy), managed by a tripartite board of directors and a director general, administers the program through regional and district offices.</p>
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