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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2014</h1>
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<h1>Pakistan</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 104.87 rupees.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1972, never implemented.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1976 <span class="nobr">(old-age</span> benefits).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees of firms with five or more workers.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage is available for employees of firms with up to five workers.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Family laborers and self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>Special systems for public-sector employees; military and police personnel; and railways.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 1% of the minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The minimum wage is 10,000 rupees a month in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh and North-West Frontier; 9,000 rupees for the province of Balochistan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 5% of the minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The minimum wage is 10,000 rupees a month in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh and North-West Frontier; 9,000 rupees for the province of Balochistan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 60 (men), age 55 (women), or age 50 (miners) with at least 15 years of contributions. Retirement from covered employment is not necessary.</p>
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<p>Early pension: A reduced pension is paid from age 55 to 59 (men) or ages 50 to 54 (women) with at least 15 years of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age grant:</span> Age 60 (men), age 55 (women), or age 50 (miners) with at least two years and less than 15 years of covered employment.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Assessed with a 67% loss in earning capacity with at least 15 years of contributions or five years of contributions including three of the last five years.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased had at least 36 months of covered employment or was a pensioner at the time of death.</p>
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<p>In order of priority, eligible survivors include the spouse, children younger than age 18 (no limit if disabled or for unmarried daughters), the deceased's parents, and other dependents. The surviving spouse must have been married to the deceased before the deceased reached the minimum pensionable age for the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 2% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 12 months multiplied by the number of years of covered employment is paid.</p>
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<p>The minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 3,600 rupees a month.</p>
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<p>Early pension: The pension is reduced by 0.5% for each month that the pension is taken before the normal retirement age.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted on an <span class="nobr">ad-hoc</span> basis.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age grant:</span> A lump sum of one month of the insured's average monthly earnings for each year of covered employment is paid.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> 2% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 12 months multiplied by the number of years of covered employment is paid.</p>
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<p>The minimum disability pension is 3,600 rupees a month.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 100% of the minimum pension is paid to, or split equally among, the surviving spouse or spouses. If there is no surviving spouse, the pension is split equally among eligible orphans. If there are no eligible orphans and if the surviving spouse dies within five years of first receiving the survivor pension, the survivor pension is paid to the deceased's surviving parents for up to five years after the death of the insured's spouse; if there are no surviving parents, the remaining balance of the first five years of survivor pension may be paid to a dependent.</p>
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<p>The minimum survivor pension is 3,600 rupees a month.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labour, Manpower, and Overseas Pakistanis (http://www.molm.gov.pk) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Employees' <span class="nobr">Old-Age</span> Benefits Institution (<a href="http://www.eobi.gov.pk">http://www.eobi.gov.pk</a>) administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1958 (maternity).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1958 (maternity); 1965 (provincial social security).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance (medical benefits) and employer-liability system (cash benefits).</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits (employer liability):</span> All employed persons in the private and public sector.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefit (social insurance):</span> Private-sector employees and household workers with monthly earnings up to 10,000 rupees.</p>
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<p>Eligibility for benefits does not cease on leaving covered employment.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Family laborers and self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>Special systems for public-sector employees; military and police personnel; and employees of local authorities and railways.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits (employer liability):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> See source of funds under Work Injury.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits (employer liability):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> See source of funds under Work Injury.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits (employer liability):</span> The total cost.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> See source of funds under Work Injury.</p>
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<p>The maximum earnings used to calculate contributions are 10,000 rupees a month or 400 rupees a day.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits (employer liability):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> See source of funds under Work Injury.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits (employer liability):</span> Must have at least 90 days of contributions in the last six months.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits (employer liability):</span> Must have at least 180 days of contributions in the last 12 months and must have been employed for at least four months preceding the expected date of child birth.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Must be currently covered.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity medical benefits:</span> Must have at least 90 days of contributions in the last six months.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (employer liability):</span> 75% of the insured's earnings is paid; 100% for tuberculosis and cancer (50% in North-West Frontier Province and Balochistan). The benefit is paid after a <span class="nobr">two-day</span> waiting period for up to 121 days (365 days for tuberculosis and cancer) in a <span class="nobr">one-year</span> period.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the insured's earnings is paid for six weeks before and six weeks after the expected date of childbirth.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Social security facilities provide medical services. Benefits include general medical care, specialist care, medicine, hospitalization, and transportation.</p>
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<p>Benefits are provided for as long as considered necessary or for six months after the patient has exhausted entitlement to sickness benefits, whichever period is shorter.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity medical benefits:</span> Prenatal and postnatal care is provided for a total of 12 weeks.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits for dependents:</span> Social security facilities provide medical services. Benefits include general medical care, specialist care, medicine, hospitalization (for maternity, surgery, and cancer only), maternity care, and transportation.</p>
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<p>Eligible dependents include the insured's wives or a dependent, disabled husband; dependent, unmarried children up to age 21; and dependent parents.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Provincial Labour Department provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Provincial Employees' Social Security Institutions, managed by a tripartite governing body and a commissioner, administer the program in each province. Each institution may establish its own dispensary hospital or contract with a public or private agency for medical services.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1923 (workmen's compensation), implemented in 1924; and 1965 (provincial social security).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance and employer-liability system.</p>
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<p>Note: The 1923 workmen's compensation law remains in force for employees not covered by the 1965 social security law.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> Employees and household workers with monthly earnings up to 10,000 rupees.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Family laborers and self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer liability:</span> Employees of firms with at least 10 workers.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>Special systems for public-sector employees; military and police personnel; and employees of local authorities and railways.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> 6% of monthly payroll.</p>
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<p>The employer's contribution also finance Sickness and Maternity benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> 60% of earnings is paid (100% in Punjab and Sindh) after a three-day waiting period for up to 180 days (no waiting period in Punjab).</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability:</span> 50% of monthly earnings is paid for up to one year; for lung disease, 33% of monthly earnings for up to five years.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> For a total disability (loss of earning capacity of 67% or more), 75% of earnings (100% in Punjab) is paid.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: Up to 66% of the total disability benefit is paid, according to a schedule in law.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability:</span> For a permanent total disability, a lump sum of 300,000 rupees is paid.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Social security facilities provide medical services. Benefits include general medical care, specialist care, medicine, hospitalization, maternity care, and transportation.</p>
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<p>There is no limit to the duration of benefits.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension (social insurance):</span> 60% of the total disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a widow or a needy widower with a disability in the provinces of Punjab, Balochistan and North-West Frontier.</p>
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<p>In the province of Sindh, 75% of the total disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a needy <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> with a disability. If there are other survivors, the 75% is divided equally among the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> and orphans (up to age 21; no limit for unmarried dependent daughters). If there are no orphans, the amount is divided among the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> and the deceased's surviving parents.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension (social insurance):</span> 20% of the total disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to each orphan younger than age 16; 40% for a full orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Dependent parent's pension (social insurance):</span> If there is no eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or orphan, 20% of the total disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to each dependent parent.</p>
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<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the total disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death grant (social insurance):</span> 30 days of sickness benefit; at least 1,500 rupees is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor grant (employer liability):</span> A lump sum of 200,000 rupees is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Iddat grant:</span> The deceased's last full daily wage is paid for 130 days to widows or divorced women.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> Provincial Labour Department provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Provincial Employees' Social Security Institutions in each province administer contributions and benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer liability:</span> Workmen's compensation commissioners in each province provide general supervision.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>No statutory unemployment benefits are provided.</p>
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<p>The labor code requires employers with 20 employees or more to provide a severance payment of the insured's last 30 days of wages for each year of employment.</p>
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<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1991 (family allowances), and 2010 (family allowances).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social assistance system.</p>
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<p>Note: Additional financial assistance and medical treatment is also provided through the <span class="nobr"><abbr class="spell">Bait-Ul-Mal</abbr></span> Program to needy persons who do not receive benefits from other social welfare agencies.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>All citizens.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> The total cost is financed from general revenues.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4"><abbr>BISP</abbr> family allowance (means tested):</span> Paid to needy families and to certain families where a member has a chronic physical or mental condition.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Child education Benefit (means tested):</span> Paid to families with children aged 5 to 16 to assist with primary education costs.</p>
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<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4"><abbr>BISP</abbr> family allowance (means tested):</span> 1,500 rupees a month is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Child education Benefit (means tested):</span> 300 rupees a month is paid to families with one child; 600 rupees a month to families with two or more children.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>The Benazir Income Support Program (http://www.bisp.gov.pk/Default.aspx) and the Pakistan <span class="nobr"><abbr class="spell">Bait-Ul-Mal</abbr></span> (http://www.pbm.gov.pk/default.html) pay benefits.</p>
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