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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2014</h1>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Iraq</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 1,166 dinars.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1956 (provident fund).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1971 (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<p>Note: Two recent laws (2006 and 2014) have not been fully implemented.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees of enterprises with three or more workers, including cooperative workers.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons, agricultural employees, temporary employees, household workers, and family labor.</p>
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<p>Special systems for Kurdistan public-sector employees, employees of semi-governmental agencies including nationalized industries; lawyers, and journalists.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 4.1% of the insured's monthly wage.</p>
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<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate contributions is based on the minimum wage in the insured's profession.</p>
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<p>The insured's contributions also finance sickness, maternity, and work injury benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 9.9% of monthly payroll. 15% for employers in the oil sector (pensions) and, 4% (social services).</p>
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<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate contributions is based on the minimum wage in the insured's profession.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> A subsidy may be provided.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 60 (men) or age 55 (women) with 20 years of contributions; at any age with 30 years of contributions.</p>
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<p>Employment must cease.</p>
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<p>The pension is payable abroad in certain cases.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> Paid if ineligible for an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Paid for a permanent or <span class="nobr">long-term</span> loss of at least 35% of working capacity.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension at the time of death.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include <span class="nobr">widow(er)s,</span> orphans, a dependent mother, father, sister, or brother.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 2.5% of the insured's average wage during the last three years times the number of months of contributions, divided by 12 is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> A lump sum of the average monthly wage paid in the last three years times the number of years of service, is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted on an ad hoc basis.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> 2.5% of the insured's average wage during the last three years times the number of months of contributions, divided by 12 is paid.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: A percentage of the full pension is paid according to the assessed degree of disability.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted on an ad hoc basis.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension:</span> 60% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a surviving spouse.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 40% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid for each son younger than age 17 (age 27 if a student; no limit if disabled) and each unmarried daughter younger than age 17; 60% for a full orphan.</p>
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<p>If there are no other survivors, 40% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid for a dependent mother, father, sister, or brother.</p>
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<p>The maximum total combined survivor pension is 100% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted on an ad hoc basis.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Under the direction of a tripartite board and a director general, the Labor and Social Security Institute administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1956 (provident fund).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1971 (social insurance) and 1987 (labor code).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system (cash and medical benefits).</p>
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<p>Note: The information in this branch has not been updated.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits:</span> Employees of enterprises with three or more workers.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Citizens of Iraq.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons, agricultural employees, household workers, temporary employees, and family labor.</p>
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<p>Special system for the Kurdistan region.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, above.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer </span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> 1% of monthly payroll; 3% for employers in the oil industry.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits:</span> A subsidy may be provided.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash and medical benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 75% of the insured's average wage during the three months before the incapacity began is paid after an eight-day waiting period) for up to six months (may be extended to two years at 100% of wage for incurable or malignant diseases). The employer must pay full wages for the first eight days after the incapacity began.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 100% of the insured's wage is paid for at least 10 weeks, including at least four weeks before the expected date of childbirth; 75% of wages for a nine-month extension if there are complications resulting from childbirth.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity leave:</span> 50% of the wages at any time during the first four years of the child's life is paid for up to six months. The benefit is paid for the first child only.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity grant:</span> If leaving employment because of pregnancy, a lump sum of one month's benefit for each year of contributions is paid.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Government health care centers and hospitals funded by the Labor and Social Security Institute provide health care services. Benefits include general and specialist care, hospitalization, surgery, medicines, <span class="nobr">X-rays,</span> appliances, laboratory services, and rehabilitation.</p>
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<p>A small private health care sector exists.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Under the direction of a tripartite board and a director general, the Labor and Social Security Institute administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1936.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1971 (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<p>Note: The information in this branch has not been updated.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees of enterprises with five or more workers; all enterprises, survivor pensions only.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons, agricultural employees, household workers, family labor, and temporary employees. (Some employees are covered under the 1936 legislation.)</p>
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<p>Special system for the Kurdistan region.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, above.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 2% of monthly payroll; 3% for employers in the oil industry.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> A subsidy may be provided.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>100% of the last wage before the disability began (and the insured paid contributions) is paid after an eight-day waiting period until recovery or certification of permanent disability. The employer must pay full wages for the first eight days after the disability began.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> 80% of the insured's average wage is paid if the insured is assessed with a total disability.</p>
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<p>The minimum disability pension is equal to the minimum wage in the insured's profession.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: For an assessed disability of at least 32%, a percentage of the full pension is paid according to the assessed degree of disability; for an assessed disability of less than 32%, a lump sum of four years' of the insured's partial disability pension is paid.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>The Ministry of Health, local authorities, and private clinics provide health care services. Benefits include general medical care, home visits, surgery, specialist care, hospitalization, and prescribed medicines.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension:</span> 60% of the permanent total disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid. A lump sum of four years of the partial disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to the widow or to a dependent disabled widower.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 40% of the pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid (60% if a full orphan) for each son younger than age 17 (age 27 if a student; no limit if disabled) and each unmarried daughter under age 17.</p>
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<p>If there are no other survivors 40% of the deceased's pension is paid for a dependent mother, father, sister, or brother younger than age 16.</p>
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<p>The maximum survivor pension is 100% of the deceased's pension.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Labor and Social Security Institute administers contributions and benefits.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1964.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social assistance system.</p>
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<p>Health and welfare fund is authorized under the 1964 law to provide employment assistance.</p>
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<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs provides services and cash benefits to the most needy citizens.</p>
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