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<title>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2015 - Djibouti</title>
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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2015</h1>
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<h1>Djibouti</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$ 1.00&nbsp;= 177&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs.</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1976 and 1989.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 2002 (social security) and 2010 <span class="nobr">(old-age</span> pensions).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of system:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Salaried workers covered by the labor code.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons and agricultural workers.</p>
<p>Special system for military personnel, civil servants, and members of government.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 4% of monthly earnings. Pensioners pay 10% of pensions over 50,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs a month. Previously covered persons who are unemployed may contribute 8% of their last salary up to a maximum salary of 300,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs a month.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 4% of covered payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age&nbsp;60 with at least 25&nbsp;years of coverage; age&nbsp;55 for mothers, manual workers, and dockers with at least 20&nbsp;years of contributions.</p>
<p>Employment must cease.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Early pension:</span> Age&nbsp;50 with at least 15&nbsp;years of contributions. Must be assessed by a medical doctor as mentally or physically unable to work.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension, or had at least 18&nbsp;years of coverage at the time of death.</p>
<p>Eligible survivors include widow(s) or a widower age&nbsp;45 with no dependent children (any age with dependent children) who was married to the deceased for the last two years; and orphans younger than age&nbsp;15 (age&nbsp;21 if a student, no limit if disabled).</p>
<p>Eligibility for <span class="nobr">widow(er)s</span> ceases on remarriage.</p>
<p>A husband with multiple wives may receive only one pension (the highest).</p>
<p>Pensions are payable abroad.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> The deceased did not qualify for an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> Paid to the person who paid for the insured's funeral.</p>
<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 1.5% of the insured's average salary over the last 10&nbsp;years is paid for each year of coverage from 2007; 1.8% from 2002 to 2006; and 2% from 1976 to 2001.</p>
<p>The minimum pension is 170,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs a year.</p>
<p>The maximum pension is 81% of the insured's average salary over the last 10&nbsp;years.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Early pension:</span> The pension is reduced for each year that retirement is taken before the normal retirement age. The benefit ranges from 50% of the full <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension at age&nbsp;50 to 90% at age&nbsp;59.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension:</span> 50% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid. The pension is split equally among all eligible spouses.</p>
<p>The pension ceases on remarriage.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 30% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is split equally among all eligible orphans.</p>
<p>The maximum orphan's pension for each orphan is 10% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive.</p>
<p>The maximum spouse's and orphan's pensions combined is 80% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> A lump sum is split equally among all eligible survivors.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum to cover funeral costs is paid.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Employment in Charge of the Reform of the Administration (http://www.travail.gouv.dj) provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund (<a href="https://cnss.dj/">http://www.cnss.dj</a>), managed by a tripartite board and a director, administers the program.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1957.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1972 (labor code), 1989 (family allowances), 2014 (universal health insurance).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance, employer-liability and social assistance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefits (social insurance):</span> Salaried workers and self-employed persons.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefits and paternity leave (employer liability):</span> Employed persons.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (social insurance):</span> Salaried workers covered by the labor code, household workers, manual workers, dockworkers, self-employed persons, pensioners with pensions less than 50,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs a month, and their dependents.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (social assistance):</span> All persons not covered by the social insurance system.</p>
<p>Special system for military personnel, civil servants, and members of government.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Maternity benefits (social insurance):</span> See source of funds under Family Allowances.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Sickness and paternity benefits (employer liability):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (social insurance):</span> 2% of covered earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (social assistance):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Maternity benefits (social insurance):</span> See source of funds under Family Allowances.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Sickness and paternity benefits (employer liability):</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (social insurance):</span> 7% of covered earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (social assistance):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Maternity benefits (social insurance):</span> See source of funds under Family Allowances.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Sickness and paternity benefits (employer liability):</span> The total cost.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (social insurance):</span> 5% of covered payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (social assistance):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Maternity benefits (social insurance):</span> See source of funds under Family Allowances.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Sickness and paternity benefits (employer liability):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (social insurance):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (social assistance):</span> The total cost.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits (employer liability):</span> Employees must have been employed continuously with the same employer for at least a year.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits (social insurance):</span> The insured must have at least three months of covered employment and must notify the employer one month before the expected date of birth.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Paternity leave (employer liability):</span> Employed at the time of the birth of a child.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (social insurance):</span> Must be insured.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (social assistance):</span> Not covered by the social insurance medical benefits system.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (employer liability):</span> 50% of the insured's salary is paid from 15&nbsp;days to 9&nbsp;months, depending on the length of employment with the employer and the type of employment.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefits (social insurance):</span> 100% of the insured's salary is paid for 14&nbsp;weeks, including eight weeks before and six weeks after the birth; may be extended for an additional three weeks in case of a medically certified illness resulting from the pregnancy.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Paternity leave (employer liability):</span> The employer pays three days of leave.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> Benefits include medical treatment provided by community health centers (such as immunization and consultations for children younger than age&nbsp;5; reproductive health services including ultrasound, family planning, and childbirth; treatment for tuberculosis, malaria, and other public health epidemics) and general practitioners, surgery, hospitalization, medicine, laboratory services, <span class="nobr">X-rays,</span> specialized treatments, and transportation for medical purposes.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Benefits include medical treatment provided by general practitioners (including examinations and child-birth), generic medicine, <span class="nobr">X-rays,</span> medical analyses prescribed by specialist doctors, and any necessary treatment in public hospitals related to this care.</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
<p>Eligible dependents include spouses and children up to age&nbsp;18.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Employment in Charge of the Reform of the Administration (http://www.travail.gouv.dj) provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund (<a href="https://cnss.dj/">http://www.cnss.dj</a>), managed by a tripartite board and a director, administers the program.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1957 and 1958.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1972 (labor code), 2002 (social security), and 2014 (universal health insurance).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Salaried workers covered by the labor code, apprentices, trainees, and self-employed persons (medical benefits only).</p>
<p>Special system for military personnel, civil servants, and government members.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None (work injury); see source of funds for Sickness and Maternity (medical benefits).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds for Sickness and Maternity (medical benefits only).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 1.2% of covered monthly payroll (work injury); see source of funds for Sickness and Maternity (medical benefits).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> Must have worked for at least 12&nbsp;months before the disability began. The accident must be reported within 48&nbsp;hours.</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>50% of the insured's daily salary is paid during the first 29&nbsp;days; thereafter, 75% of the salary is paid. The benefit is paid from the day after the disability began until full recovery or certification of permanent disability.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> The pension is based on the insured's annual earnings in the 12&nbsp;months before the disability began and the insured's assessed degree of disability, from 11% to 100%.</p>
<p>The maximum earnings used to calculate benefits are 300,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs a month.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Constant-attendance supplement:</span> If the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions, 40% of the disability pension is paid.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> Benefits include medical treatment provided by community health centers (such as immunization and consultations for children younger than age&nbsp;5; reproductive health services including ultrasound, family planning, and childbirth; and treatment for tuberculosis, malaria, and other public health epidemics) and general practitioners, surgery, hospitalization, medicine, laboratory services, <span class="nobr">X-rays,</span> specialized treatments, and transportation for medical purposes.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Benefits include medical treatment provided by general practitioners (including consultations and childbirth), generic medicine, <span class="nobr">X-rays,</span> medical analyses prescribed by specialist doctors, and any necessary treatment in public hospitals related to these examinations.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 30% of the deceased's annual salary is paid to a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> (the pension is split equally among all eligible spouses); 15% for the first two children younger than age&nbsp;21; 10% for each additional child up to four; 20% for full orphans. 10% is paid to each dependent parent or grandparent.</p>
<p>The combined survivor pensions must not exceed 85% of the deceased's annual salary.</p>
<p>The pension ceases upon remarriage.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of 72,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs is paid.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Employment in Charge of the Reform of the Administration (http://www.travail.gouv.dj/) provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund (<a href="https://cnss.dj/">http://www.cnss.dj</a>), managed by a tripartite board and a director, administers the program.</p>
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1969 and 1975.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1983 and 1989 (family allowances).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Salaried workers covered by the labor code.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons and agricultural workers.</p>
<p>Special system for military personnel, civil servants, and members of government.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 5.5% of monthly payroll.</p>
<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate contributions are 25,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs.</p>
<p>The employer's contribution also finances maternity benefits.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Marriage allowance:</span> Must have worked at least 120&nbsp;hours or 18&nbsp;days in the month of marriage. For a husband with multiple wives, a monthly allowance is paid for one unemployed wife.</p>
<p>The monthly income must not exceed 50,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs.</p>
<p>Payable abroad under reciprocal agreement.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> Must be a resident of Djibouti and have worked at least 120&nbsp;hours or 18&nbsp;days in the last month. Paid for the first three dependent children younger than age&nbsp;15 (age&nbsp;21 if a student, no limit if disabled) to the child(ren)'s main caregiver.</p>
<p>Payable abroad under reciprocal agreement.</p>
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Marriage allowances:</span> 2,500&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs a month is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> 1,400&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs a month is paid for up to three children.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Employment in Charge of the Reform of the Administration (http://www.travail.gouv.dj/) provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund (<a href="https://cnss.dj/">http://www.cnss.dj</a>), managed by a tripartite board and a director, administers the program.</p>
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