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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2012</h1>
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<h1>Kyrgyzstan</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 46.40 soms.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1922.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1997 (state pension) and 2008 (individual account).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance, notional defined contribution (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>), mandatory individual account, and social assistance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> All employed persons and members of cooperatives and state and collective farms.</p>
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<p>Special system for armed forces personnel.</p>
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<p>Special provisions for workers in aviation and the performing arts and for citizens with special merits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Needy persons who are not eligible for social insurance benefits.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 10% of earnings (2% is transferred to an individual account).</p>
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<p>The insured person's contributions also finance sickness, maternity, work injury and unemployment benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 9.25% of monthly average earnings.</p>
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<p>The self-employed person's contributions also finance work injury benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 17.25% of payroll.</p>
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<p>The employer's contributions also finance sickness and maternity and work injury benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> The total cost of social assistance allowances and constant-attendance supplements for persons with disabilities.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 63 with 25 years of covered employment (men) or age 58 with 20 years of covered employment (women).</p>
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<p>Covered employment includes periods of study, maternity leave, caring for persons with disabilities, registered unemployment, and other leave periods approved by special decree.</p>
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<p>The qualifying conditions are reduced for periods of <span class="nobr">full-time</span> underground work, <span class="nobr">full-time</span> work in hazardous conditions, Chernobyl disaster-related work, for mothers with five or more children or at least one child with a disability, and for little people.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: Paid with less than the required number of years of covered employment for a full <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<p>Pension supplement (old age): Persons aged 80 or older, World War <abbr title="two">II</abbr> veterans, Chernobyl disaster workers, persons with a Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> disability (requires constant attendance), caregivers of persons with a Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disability (totally disabled with an 80% loss of mobility), and single persons with a Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disability.</p>
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<p>Pensions are payable in Russia under bilateral agreement.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age social pension (social assistance):</span> Paid at the normal retirement age to persons not eligible for an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension. There is no income test.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> The insured must have one to five years of covered employment, depending on the insured's age when the disability began. Must be assessed with a Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> (total disability and requires constant attendance), Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> (total disability with an 80% loss of mobility), or Group <abbr title="three">III</abbr> (partial disability with some loss in working capacity) disability.</p>
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<p>Covered employment includes periods of study, maternity leave, caring for persons with disabilities, registered unemployment, and other leave periods approved by special decree.</p>
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<p>An expert commission of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection assesses the degree of disability.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: Paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p>Partial disability pension: Paid with less than the required number of years of covered employment for a full total disability pension.</p>
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<p>Pension supplement (disability): Paid to a person with a Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> disability, single persons with a Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disability, and Chernobyl disaster workers.</p>
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<p>Pensions are payable in Russia under bilateral agreement.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability social pension (social assistance):</span> Paid to persons assessed with disabilities who are not eligible for the disability pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> Paid if the deceased had one to five years of covered employment, depending on age at the time of death.</p>
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<p>Covered employment includes periods of study, maternity leave, caring for disabled persons, registered unemployment, and other leave periods approved by special decree.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include the spouse; children younger than age 16 (age 21 if a student); nonworking dependents, including sisters, brothers, and grandchildren younger than age 16; and parents of pensionable age or disabled.</p>
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<p>Pensions are not payable abroad if the pensioner emigrates permanently.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor social pension (social assistance):</span> Paid to survivors not eligible for a survivor pension. There is no income test.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> The monthly benefit is the sum of several components: a basic <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> benefit, a social insurance component, an <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> component, and a benefit from the mandatory individual account.</p>
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<p>The <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> benefit is 1,500 soms or 12% of the average wage in the last year, whichever is higher.</p>
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<p>The social insurance component is calculated as average earnings for 60 consecutive working months multiplied by 1% for every complete year of insured employment before 1996.</p>
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<p>The maximum average earnings used to calculate benefits are 50 times the basic rate.</p>
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<p>The basic rate is 100 soms from (January 2010).</p>
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<p>The <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> component is calculated as accumulated contributions (of at least one year) since 1996 divided by 12 months and multiplied by a coefficient.</p>
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<p>There is no maximum pension.</p>
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<p>The individual account benefit is based on the account balance at retirement.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: A percentage of the full pension is paid according to the number of years of covered employment.</p>
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<p>Pension supplement: 50% to 475% of the basic rate is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to the changes in the national average wage and the consumer price index.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age social pension (social assistance):</span> A monthly pension is paid.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> If assessed with a Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> or Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disability, the monthly pension is the sum of several components: a basic <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> benefit, a social insurance component, and an <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> component. If assessed with a Group <abbr title="three">III</abbr> disability, 50% of the full disability pension is paid.</p>
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<p>The <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> benefit is 1,500 soms or 12% of the average wage in the last year, whichever is higher.</p>
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<p>The social insurance component is calculated as average earnings for 60 consecutive working months multiplied by 1% for every complete year of insured employment before 1996.</p>
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<p>The maximum average earnings used to calculate benefits are 50 times the basic rate.</p>
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<p>The basic rate is 100 soms (January 2010).</p>
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<p>The <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> component is calculated as accumulated contributions (of at least one year) since 1996 divided by 12 months and multiplied by a coefficient.</p>
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<p>There is no maximum disability pension.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: 200% of the basic rate is paid for blind persons and 100% of a specified rate for other categories of disabilities.</p>
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<p>Partial disability pension: A percentage of the full pension is paid accoding to the number of years of covered employment.</p>
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<p>Pension supplement: 50% to 475% of the basic rate is paid.</p>
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<p>The basic rate is 100 soms (January 2010).</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in the national average wage and the consumer price index.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability social pension (social assistance):</span> A monthly pension is paid.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 50% of the Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disability pension the deceased received or was eligible to receive is paid for one survivor; 90% for two; 120% for three; and 150% for four or more survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Full orphan's pension:</span> The pension is the sum of all pensions that both parents received or were eligible to receive.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in the national average wage and the consumer price index.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social survivor pension (social assistance):</span> 150% of the guaranteed minimum standard of living (GM) is paid a month for each orphan younger than age 16 (age 21 if a <span class="nobr">full-time</span> student); 225% for a full orphan. There is no income test.</p>
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<p>The GM is 200 soms and is adjusted periodically according to changes in wages.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of 10 times the basic component is paid when a pensioner dies. If the deceased did not qualify for a pension, a lump sum of five to 15 times the basic rate is paid.</p>
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<p>The basic component is 1,500 soms or 12% of the average wage in the last year, whichever is higher.</p>
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<p>The basic rate is 100 soms (January 2010).</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Protection (http://www.mlsp.kg) provides general coordination and oversight.</p>
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<p>Provincial and county offices of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection administer the program.</p>
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<p>Social Fund pays benefits.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1922.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1955, 1996 (social insurance), and 1997 (medical insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance (cash benefits) and universal (medical benefits) system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness and maternity benefits:</span> Employed persons, students, and members of cooperatives.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> All persons residing in Kyrgyzstan.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness and maternity benefits and medical benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> The monthly benefit is 75% of seven times the minimum wage (100% with three or more dependent children, if a disabled veteran, or if disabled as a result of the Chernobyl disaster).</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in the national average national wage and the consumer price index.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> Seven times the minimum wage is paid for a total of 126 calendar days before and after the expected date of childbirth (may be extended to 140 days if there are complications during childbirth).</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in the national average wage and the consumer price index.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical services are provided directly to patients through government or enterprise-administered health providers. Benefits include general and specialist care, hospitalization, laboratory services, dental care, maternity care, and transportation.</p>
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<p>Providers may charge fees for services.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Health and local government health departments provide general supervision and coordination and oversee medical services delivered through clinics, hospitals, maternity homes, and other facilities.</p>
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<p>Mandatory Health Insurance Fund provides health care benefits.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1922.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1955 (<span class="nobr">short-term</span> benefits), 1990 (pensions), and 2005 (labor safety).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance (cash benefits) and universal (medical benefits) system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons, students, and members of cooperatives.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> Not applicable.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Temporary disability benefits:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Permanent disability and survivor benefits:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> The total cost.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
|
|
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>100% of earnings is paid from the first day of incapacity until recovery or the award of a permanent disability pension.</p>
|
|
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in the national average wage and the consumer price index.</p>
|
|
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> Must be assessed with a Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> (total disability and requires constant attendance), Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> (total disability with an 80% loss of mobility), or Group <abbr title="three">III</abbr> (partial disability with some loss in working capacity) disability.</p>
|
|
<p>If assessed with a Group <abbr title="one">I</abbr> or Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disability, the monthly pension is the sum of a basic component, an insurance component based on years of covered employment and earnings for the period before 1996, and an insurance component based on the value of accumulated contributions since 1996. If assessed with a Group <abbr title="three">III</abbr> disability, 50% of the full disability pension is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>The basic component is 1,500 soms or 12% of the average wage in the last year, whichever is higher.</p>
|
|
<p>The insurance component for the period before 1996 is calculated as average earnings for 60 consecutive working months multiplied by 1% for every complete year of insured employment.</p>
|
|
<p>The insurance component for the period since 1996 is calculated as accumulated contributions (of at least one year) divided by 12 months and multiplied by a coefficient.</p>
|
|
<p>Constant-attendance supplement: 100% of the basic rate is paid if blind and requiring the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions; 50% of the basic rate for other categories of disabilities.</p>
|
|
<p>The basic rate is 100 soms (January 2010).</p>
|
|
<p>Pension supplement: 50% to 475% of the basic rate is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>The basic rate is 100 soms (January 2010).</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum disability pension is 100% of the minimum wage.</p>
|
|
<p>Pensions for a work injury or an occupational disease are payable abroad.</p>
|
|
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in the national average wage and the consumer price index.</p>
|
|
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>All necessary medical care is provided.</p>
|
|
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 50% of the Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disability pension the deceased received or was eligible to receive is paid for one survivor; 90% for two survivors; 120% for three survivors; and 150% for four or more survivors.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Full orphan's pension:</span> Paid at the same rates as the survivor pension (above) but based on the Group <abbr title="two">II</abbr> disability pensions both parents received or were eligible to receive.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum full orphan's pension is 100% of the minimum wage.</p>
|
|
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in the national average wage and the consumer price index.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Temporary disability benefits:</span> Social Fund provides general supervision.</p>
|
|
<p>Enterprises and employers pay cash benefits to their employees.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability and survivor pensions:</span> Ministry of Labor and Social Protection provides general coordination and oversight.</p>
|
|
<p>Provincial and county offices of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection administer the program.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Ministry of Health (http://www.med.kg) and local government health departments provide general supervision and coordination and oversee medical services delivered through clinics, hospitals, maternity homes, and other facilities.</p>
|
|
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1921.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1998 (supporting employment).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>Employed persons.</p>
|
|
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Central and local governments provide subsidies as needed.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment benefit:</span> Must be registered at an employment office and able and willing to work. The benefit may be reduced, suspended, or terminated if the worker is discharged for violating work discipline, leaving employment without good cause, violating conditions for a job placement or vocational training, or filing fraudulent claims.</p>
|
|
<p>Also paid to students who register as unemployed in the 12 months after graduation.</p>
|
|
<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>At least 100% of the minimum wage is paid monthly for up to six calendar months.</p>
|
|
<p>Dependent's supplement: 10% of the unemployment benefit is paid for each dependent.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Protection (http://www.mlsp.kg) provides general oversight.</p>
|
|
<p>Employment Service and local employment centers administer the program.</p>
|
|
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1944.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1998 (state allowances).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social assistance system.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>Children of single-parent families or of unwed mothers; students (younger than age 18) with disabled or unemployed parents.</p>
|
|
<p>For orphans, see social survivor pension under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> The total cost.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances (income tested):</span> Household per capita income, based on average income during the three months before making the claim, must be lower than 100% of the guaranteed minimum standard of living (GM).</p>
|
|
<p>The GM is 200 soms and is adjusted periodically according to changes in wages.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance allowance:</span> Paid for each child younger than age 16 (age 18 if a <span class="nobr">full-time</span> student).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> Paid for each newborn child.</p>
|
|
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances (income tested):</span> 100% of the guaranteed minimum standard of living (GM) is paid monthly for a mother on leave caring for a child younger than age 18 months or caring for two children younger than age 3; 150% of the GM if caring for three children younger than age 16.</p>
|
|
<p>The GM is 200 soms and is adjusted periodically according to changes in wages.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance allowance:</span> The allowance is the difference between family average per capita income and the GM.</p>
|
|
<p>The GM is 200 soms and is adjusted periodically according to changes in wages.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> A lump sum of 300% of the GM is paid for each newborn child.</p>
|
|
<p>The GM is 200 soms and is adjusted periodically according to changes in wages.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Protection (http://www.mlsp.kg) and local offices administer the program.</p>
|
|
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