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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2012</h1>
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<h1>India</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 50.80&nbsp;rupees.</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1952 (employees' provident funds), 1972 (payment of gratuity), 1976 (employees' deposit-linked insurance), 1995 (employees' pension scheme), 1995 (national social assistance program), and 2008 (unorganized workers' social security).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Provident fund with survivor (deposit-linked) insurance and pension fund; gratuity schemes for industrial workers; and social assistance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Provident fund and survivor (deposit-linked) insurance:</span> Employees, including those engaged in casual, <span class="nobr">part-time,</span> daily wage, and contract work, with monthly earnings of 6,500&nbsp;rupees or less working in firms with at least 20&nbsp;workers in one of 186&nbsp;categories of covered industry (the firm remains covered even if the number of employees falls below 20); employees of other types of firms specified by law, including cooperatives with more than 50 employees.</p>
<p>Employees covered by equivalent occupational private plans may contract out.</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage for employees of covered firms with monthly earnings of more than 6,500&nbsp;rupees, with the employer's agreement. Voluntary coverage for employees of firms with fewer than 20&nbsp;workers if the employer and a majority of employees agree to contribute.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons, agricultural workers, and members of cooperatives with fewer than 50&nbsp;workers.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Pension scheme:</span> Employees who became members of the provident fund on or after November&nbsp;16, 1995.</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage is available.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons, agricultural workers, and members of cooperatives with fewer than 50&nbsp;workers.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Gratuity scheme:</span> Employees of factories, mines, oil fields, plantations, ports, railways, and businesses with at least 10&nbsp;workers.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons, agricultural workers, and members of cooperatives with fewer than 50 workers. There is no coverage in the states of Jammu and Kashmir.</p>
<p>Special systems for coal miners, railway employees, and public-sector employees.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Needy older persons and poor households when the primary breadwinner dies.</p>
<p>Separate informal-sector schemes exist for certain artisans and the rural landless.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> 12% of basic wages (10% in specified cate-gories of industry; businesses covered prior to September&nbsp;22, 1997, with fewer than 20&nbsp;employees; and some other specific cases).</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 6,500&nbsp;rupees.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Survivor (deposit-linked) insurance scheme:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Pension scheme:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Gratuity scheme:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Survivor (deposit-linked) insurance scheme:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Pension scheme:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Gratuity scheme:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> 3.67% of monthly payroll plus 1.1% of monthly payroll for administrative costs.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Survivor (deposit-linked) insurance scheme:</span> 0.5% of monthly payroll plus 0.01% of monthly payroll for administrative costs.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 6,500&nbsp;rupees.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Pension scheme:</span> 8.33% of monthly payroll.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 6,500&nbsp;rupees.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Gratuity scheme:</span> An average of 4% of monthly payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Survivor (deposit-linked) insurance scheme:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Pension scheme:</span> 1.17% of the insured's basic wages.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 6,500&nbsp;rupees.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Gratuity scheme:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> The total cost.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age benefits</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> Age&nbsp;55 and retired from covered employment; at any age if permanently emigrating, if covered employment ends involuntarily, on the termination of service under a voluntary retirement scheme, on changing employment from an establishment covered by the scheme to one that is not, or after two months of unemployment.</p>
<p>Drawdown payment: Partial drawdown is permitted before retirement for special purposes, including paying for life insurance, purchasing or building a home, loan repayment, a child's education or marriage, care costs for a serious illness, damage from a natural disaster, or costs relating to the onset of a disability.</p>
<p>Under certain circumstances, the full amount can be drawn down before age&nbsp;55.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Pension scheme:</span> Age&nbsp;58 with at least 10&nbsp;years of coverage.</p>
<p>Partial pension: Age&nbsp;58 with less than 10&nbsp;years of coverage.</p>
<p>Early pension: Age&nbsp;50 with at least 10&nbsp;years of coverage. Employment must cease.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Gratuity scheme:</span> Must have at least five years of continuous employment.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension (social assistance):</span> Needy persons aged&nbsp;65 or older.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability benefits</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> Must be assessed with a permanent and total incapacity for normal work.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Pension scheme:</span> Must be assessed with a permanent and total disability as the result of an occupational injury. The insured must have at least one month of contributions.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Gratuity scheme:</span> Must be assessed with a disability caused by a disease or an accident.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> Aged&nbsp;16 to 64, needy, and with severe or multiple disabilities.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefits</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> Paid if the provident fund member dies before retirement.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Survivor (deposit-linked) insurance scheme:</span> Paid if the provident fund member dies before retirement.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Pension scheme:</span> Paid to a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> and up to two children younger than age&nbsp;25 (no limit with a total and permanent disability). The deceased must have had at least one month of contributions, regardless of whether the deceased was employed or retired at the time of death.</p>
<p>The <span class="nobr">widow(er)'s</span> pension ceases on remarriage.</p>
<p>If there is no surviving <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or orphan, the pension is paid to a named survivor or a dependent parent.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Gratuity scheme:</span> Paid if the insured dies as the result of an illness or an accident.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Survivor grant (social assistance):</span> Paid to needy households (under the National Family Benefit Scheme) when the primary breadwinner aged&nbsp;18 to 64 dies.</p>
<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age benefits</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> A lump sum of total employee and employer contributions plus interest is paid.</p>
<p>Drawdown payment: According to circumstances, the value of the minimum payment varies from one month of wages to total employee and employer contributions plus accrued interest.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Pension scheme:</span> A monthly pension is paid based on a member's pensionable service and earnings.</p>
<p>There is a minimum pension.</p>
<p>Partial pension: A lump sum of total employee and employer contributions plus interest is paid.</p>
<p>Early pension: The basic pension is reduced by 3% for each year that retirement is taken before age&nbsp;58.</p>
<p>Pension adjustment: The pension is adjusted annually by the central government according to an actuarial evaluation.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Gratuity scheme:</span> Based on the insured's final salary, a lump sum of 15&nbsp;days of wages for each year of continuous service is paid (a reduced amount is paid for partial years in excess of six months).</p>
<p>The maximum benefit is 350,000&nbsp;rupees.</p>
<p>For seasonal employees, employers pay the gratuity at the rate of seven days of wages for each season worked.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension (social assistance):</span> A basic pension of 200&nbsp;rupees a month is paid. Additional amounts vary by state.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Disability benefits</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> A lump sum of total employee and employer contributions plus interest is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Pension scheme:</span> A monthly pension is paid based on the member's pensionable earnings or a lump sum of total employee and employer contributions plus interest.</p>
<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate pensions is 250&nbsp;rupees.</p>
<p>Pension adjustment: The pension is adjusted annually by the central government according to an actuarial evaluation.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Gratuity scheme:</span> A lump sum of 15&nbsp;days of the insured's last wage is paid for each year of continuous service before the disability began (a reduced amount is paid for partial years exceeding six months).</p>
<p>The maximum benefit is 350,000&nbsp;rupees.</p>
<p>For seasonal employees, employers pay the gratuity at the rate of seven days of wages for each season worked.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social assistance (disability):</span> A basic pension of 200&nbsp;rupees a month is paid. Amounts in addition to the basic pension vary by state.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefits</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> A lump sum of total employee and employer contributions plus interest is paid to a named survivor or split equally among all eligible family members.</p>
<p>Death grant: Up to 2,000&nbsp;rupees is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Survivor (deposit-linked) insurance scheme:</span> A lump sum is paid of the average balance of the deceased's provident fund account during the 12&nbsp;months before death or during the period of membership, whichever is less.</p>
<p>The maximum benefit is 60,000&nbsp;rupees. The benefit is paid in addition to the provident fund survivor benefit.</p>
<p><span class="h5"><span class="nobr">Widow(er)'s</span> pension (pension scheme):</span> 50% of the deceased's pension is paid.</p>
<p>The minimum <span class="nobr">widow(er)'s</span> pension is 450&nbsp;rupees a month.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Orphan's pension (pension scheme):</span> 25% of the <span class="nobr">widow(er)'s</span> pension is paid; 75% for full orphans.</p>
<p>The&nbsp;minimum orphan's pension is 150&nbsp;rupees a month (250 a month for full orphans).</p>
<p><span class="h5">Other eligible survivors (pension scheme):</span> Up to 75% of the deceased's pension is paid.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: The pension is adjusted annually by the central government according to an actuarial evaluation.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Gratuity scheme:</span> A lump sum of 15&nbsp;days of the deceased's last wage is paid for each year of continuous service (a reduced amount is paid for partial years exceeding six months).</p>
<p>The maximum benefit is 350,000&nbsp;rupees.</p>
<p>When seasonal employees die, employers pay the gratuity at the rate of seven days of wages for each season worked.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Funeral grant:</span> See Sickness and Maternity.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Survivor grant (social assistance):</span> A lump sum of 10,000&nbsp;rupees is paid.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labour and Employment (<a href="https://labour.gov.in/">http://www.labour.nic.in</a>) provides general supervision for most schemes.</p>
<p>Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (<a href="https://www.epfindia.gov.in/">http://www.epfindia.com</a>) administers the provident fund program through regional, subregional, inspectorate, and subaccount offices.</p>
<p>Central Board of Trustees of the Employees' Provident Fund, through a tripartite body comprising representatives of government, employers, and employees, administers the funds.</p>
<p>Central and state authorities administer the gratuity scheme.</p>
<p>Ministry of Rural Development (http://rural.nic.in) provides general supervision for social assistance schemes.</p>
<p>National Social Assistance Programme administers social assistance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pensions and disability schemes.</p>
<p>National Family Benefit Scheme administers survivor grants.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1948 (employees' state insurance), 1995 (social assistance), and 2008 (unorganized workers' social security).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance and social assistance system.</p>
<p>Note: Under a 1961 law (Maternity Benefit Act), implemented in 1963, employers provide maternity benefits to employees in factories and establishments not covered by the Employees' State Insurance Act of 1948.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> Employees earning 100&nbsp;rupees a day to 15,000&nbsp;rupees a month and working in certain businesses with at least 20&nbsp;workers (10&nbsp;workers in manufacturing).</p>
<p>Employees working for government-run businesses that are covered by equivalent private plans may contract out.</p>
<p>Coverage is being extended gradually, with 790 industrial centers currently covered. (The scheme has not been implemented in the states of Manipur, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, or Mizoram.)</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons, seasonal workers (less than seven months a year), agricultural workers, and workers in certain other sectors.</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage for medical benefits is available to previously insured retired persons.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Needy pregnant women.</p>
<p>A national health insurance scheme covers qualified hospitalization and transport costs for needy individuals in most states.</p>
<p>Separate informal-sector schemes exist for&nbsp;certain artisans.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> 1.75% of earnings.</p>
<p>The insured person's contributions also finance work injury benefits and the unemployment allowance.</p>
<p>Voluntarily insured persons pay a <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> of 10&nbsp;rupees a month for medical benefits.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> 4.75% of payroll.</p>
<p>The employer's contributions also finance work injury benefits and the unemployment allowance.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> State governments pay 12.5% of the cost of medical benefits.</p>
<p>State government contributions also finance work injury medical benefits and the cost of necessary medical care for unemployment allowance beneficiaries and their dependents.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> The total cost.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits (social insurance):</span> Must have been in insured employment for at least 78&nbsp;days during a six-month period.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits (social insurance):</span> Must have been in insured employment for at least 70&nbsp;days during two designated and consecutive six-month periods.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity grant (social assistance):</span> Paid to needy pregnant women aged&nbsp;19 or older for the first two live births.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant (social insurance):</span> Paid when the insured dies.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Must be currently in insured employment or qualify for cash sickness benefits.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 70% of the average daily wage is paid after a <span class="nobr">two-day</span> waiting period for up to 91&nbsp;days in any two consecutive designated six-month periods.</p>
<p>Family planning (sterilization): Cash sickness benefit is paid at a double rate for seven days (men) or 14&nbsp;days (women); may be extended if there are complications.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 100% of average earnings, according to wage class, is paid for up to 12&nbsp;weeks (including up to six weeks before the expected date of childbirth); six weeks in the case of a miscarriage. The benefit may be extended by four weeks for medical reasons.</p>
<p>The minimum daily benefit is 25&nbsp;rupees.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity grant (social assistance):</span> A lump sum of 2,500&nbsp;rupees is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant (social insurance):</span> A lump sum of the funeral cost, up to 10,000&nbsp;rupees, is paid to the oldest member of the family or to the person who paid for the funeral.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>State governments arrange for the provision of medical care for the Employees' State Insurance Corporation, except in the National Capital Territory of Delhi and model hospitals where the Corporation administers medical care directly. Services are provided in different states through social insurance dispensaries and hospitals, state government services, or private doctors under contract. Benefits include outpatient treatment, specialist consultations, hospitalization, surgery and obstetric care, imaging and laboratory services, and transportation. Drugs, dressings, artificial limbs, aids, and appliances are provided free-of-charge.</p>
<p>Benefits are provided for three months to one year, according to the insured's contribution record.</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured. Eligible dependents include the spouse, children up to age&nbsp;18 (age&nbsp;21 if a student, no limit if disabled or an unmarried daughter), a widowed mother, and dependent parents.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labour and Employment (<a href="https://labour.gov.in/">http://www.labour.nic.in</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Employees' State Insurance Corporation (http://www.esic.nic.in), managed by a tripartite board and a Director General, administers the social insurance program through regional and local offices.</p>
<p>State governments oversee the provision of medical benefits through agreement with and reimbursement by the Employees' State Insurance Corporation.</p>
<p>Employees' State Insurance Corporation oversees the provision of medical benefits in some cases.</p>
<p>National Rural Health Mission (http://mohfw.nic.in/NRHM.htm) in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare administers the social assistance scheme.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1923 (workmen's compensation).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1948 (employees' state insurance).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employees earning 100&nbsp;rupees a day to 15,000&nbsp;rupees a month and working in certain firms with at least 20&nbsp;workers (10&nbsp;workers in manufacturing and in 17&nbsp;states).</p>
<p>Employees working for government-run firms that are covered by equivalent private plans may contract out.</p>
<p>Coverage is being extended gradually, with 790 industrial centers currently covered. (The scheme has not been implemented in the states of Manipur, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, and Mizoram.)</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons, seasonal workers (less than seven months a year), agricultural workers, and workers in certain other sectors.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>90% of the average daily wage is paid for the entire duration of the disability (must last at least three days).</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> The pension is paid according to the assessed loss of earning capacity.</p>
<p>The maximum daily rate is the temporary disability benefit rate per day (90% of the average daily wage).</p>
<p>If the daily value of the pension is 5&nbsp;rupees or less, the benefit may be paid as a lump sum if the total value of the benefit does not exceed 30,000&nbsp;rupees.</p>
<p>Separate medical boards assess the loss of earning capacity resulting from a work injury or an occupational disease.</p>
<p>Partial disability: A percentage of the full pension is paid according to the assessed loss of earning capacity.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are reviewed periodically by the Employees' State Insurance Corporation and adjusted for inflation.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Services are provided in different states through social insurance dispensaries and hospitals, state government services, or private doctors under contract. Benefits include outpatient treatment; specialist consultations; hospitalization; surgery; obstetric care; imaging and laboratory services; transportation; and free medicine, dressings, artificial limbs, aids, and appliances. The scale of services provided varies among the states.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit:</span> 60% of the total disability pension the deceased would have been eligible to receive (the average pension is 90% of the deceased's earnings) is paid to the <span class="nobr">widow(er).</span> If there is more than one widow, the benefit is split equally.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's benefit:</span> 40% of the total disability pension the deceased would have been eligible to receive (the average pension is 90% of the deceased's earnings) is paid for an orphan younger than age&nbsp;25 (no limit if disabled or an unmarried daughter).</p>
<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the pension the deceased would have been eligible to receive.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Other eligible survivors:</span> If there is no widow or orphan, up to 40% of the total disability pension the deceased would have been eligible to receive is paid to other eligible survivors including the deceased's parents, grandparents, widowed mother, and other dependents younger than age&nbsp;18 (no limit if an unmarried female).</p>
<p>The minimum monthly benefit is 1,200&nbsp;rupees per family.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of the funeral cost, up to 10,000&nbsp;rupees, is paid to the oldest member of the family or to the person who pays for the funeral.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labour and Employment (<a href="https://labour.gov.in/">http://www.labour.nic.in</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Employees' State Insurance Corporation (http://www.esic.nic.in), managed by a tripartite board and a Director General, administers the program through regional and local offices.</p>
<p>State governments oversee the provision of medical benefits through agreement with and reimbursement by the Employees' State Insurance Corporation.</p>
<p>Employees' State Insurance Corporation oversees the provision of medical benefits in some cases.</p>
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1948 (state insurance) and 2005 (rural employment guarantee).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance and social assistance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> Employees earning 15,000&nbsp;rupees or less a month and working in certain firms with at least 20&nbsp;workers (10&nbsp;workers in manufacturing and in 17&nbsp;states).</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Households in qualified rural areas.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity. State governments fund the rural employment guarantee (social assistance).</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment allowance:</span> Must have at least three years of contributions and be involuntarily unemployed as the result of retrenchment or a nonwork-related permanent disability.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> A member of the household must volunteer to do unskilled manual work in qualified rural areas.</p>
<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment allowance:</span> 50% of the insured's average&nbsp;earnings is paid for up to one year.</p>
<p>Free medical care is also provided to beneficiaries and their dependents.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> At least 100&nbsp;days of unskilled manual work&nbsp;at minimum wage are guaranteed.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Employees' State Insurance Corporation (http://www.esic.nic.in), managed by a tripartite board and a Director General, administers the program through regional and local offices.</p>
<p>Ministry of Rural Development administers the National Rural Employment Guarantee (http://www.nrega.nic.in).</p>
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