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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2006</h1>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Yemen</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: US$1.00 equals 196 rials.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1980.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1991 (pensions), with 2000 amendment.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Public-sector system:</span> Permanent employees of government agencies and all public-sector or quasi-public entities.</p>
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<p>Special system for military and police personnel.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Private-sector system:</span> Private-sector employees (nationals and foreigners), including Yemeni workers abroad.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Casual workers, agricultural workers, domestic workers, seamen, and fishermen.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<h4>Public-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Insured person:</span> 6% of earnings.</p>
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<p>The earnings used for contribution purposes include the basic salary plus all allowances paid to an employee but exclude bonuses and overtime wages.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer:</span> 6% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Government:</span> None; contributes 6% of payroll as an employer.</p>
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<h4>Private-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Insured person:</span> 6% of earnings.</p>
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<p>The earnings used for contribution purposes include the basic salary plus all allowances paid to an employee but exclude bonuses and overtime wages.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer:</span> 9% of payroll for the old-age pension. (An additional contribution of 4% of payroll for the disability pension has yet to be implemented.)</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<h4>Public-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension:</span> Age 60 with at least 15 years of contributions (men) or age 55 with at least 10 years of contributions (women).</p>
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<p>Early pension: Aged 50 to 59 (men) with more than 25 years of contributions or aged 46 to 54 (women) with 20 years of contributions; at any age with 30 years of contributions (men) or 25 years of contributions (women).</p>
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<p>Early retirement is possible regardless of age (men and women) with 25 years of contributions if the insured becomes involuntarily unemployed.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability pension:</span> Paid for a permanent total or partial disability.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension:</span> Paid for the death of an insured person before retirement.</p>
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<h4>Private-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension:</span> Age 60 (men) or age 55 (women) with at least 15 years of contributions.</p>
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<p>Early pension: Aged 50 to 59 (men) with more than 25 years of contributions or aged 46 to 54 (women) with 20 years of contributions; at any age with 30 years of contributions (men) or 25 years of contributions (women).</p>
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<p>Reduced pension: Paid for retirement from normal employment at age 45 or age 50 with 20 years of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability pension:</span> Paid for a permanent disability.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability grant:</span> Ineligible for the nonwork-related or work-related disability pension but with at least a year of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension:</span> Paid for the death of an insured person before retirement.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<h4>Public-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension:</span> The pension is equal to the insured's last gross monthly salary multiplied by the number of months of contributions, divided by 420.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly pension is 20,000 rials.</p>
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<p>The maximum pension (100% of the insured's last gross monthly salary) is based on 35 years of contributions; 43% with 15 years.</p>
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<p>Early pension: The pension is calculated in the same way as the old-age pension.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by 50% of the value of any salary increases paid to active civil servants.</p>
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<h4>Private-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension:</span> The pension is equal to the insured's last gross monthly salary multiplied by the number of months of contributions, divided by 420.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is equal to 50% of the insured's last gross monthly salary.</p>
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<p>Early pension: The pension is calculated in the same way as the old-age pension.</p>
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<p>Reduced pension: If the insured retires from normal employment at age 45 with 20 years of contributions, the pension is reduced by 10%; at age 50 with 20 years of contributions, by 5%.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by 50% of the value of any salary increases paid to active civil servants.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<h4>Public-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Work-related disability pension:</span> The pension is equal to 100% of the insured's last gross monthly salary, plus a cash lump sum of 39,000 rials.</p>
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<p>Permanent partial disability: A reduced pension and a reduced lump sum calculated in proportion to the assessed degree of disability are paid, according to the schedule in law.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Nonwork-related disability pension:</span> For a total disability, the pension is equal to 50% of the insured's last gross monthly salary or the value of the old-age pension (but no less than the minimum pension), whichever is greater.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">End-of-service payment:</span> A lump sum is paid equal to 9% of the insured's last gross monthly salary times the number of months of contributions.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by 50% of the value of any salary increases paid to active civil servants.</p>
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<h4>Private-sector system</h4>
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<p><span class="h5">Work-related disability pension:</span> For a total disability, the pension is equal to 100% of the covered monthly salary in the last year.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Nonwork-related disability pension:</span> For a total disability, the pension is equal to 50% of the average monthly salary in the last year.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability grant:</span> A lump sum is paid equal to 12% of the average monthly salary in the last year times the number of years of contributions.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by 50% of the value of any salary increases paid to active civil servants.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (public- and private-sector systems):</span> The pension is based on the deceased's entitlement to either the old-age or disability pension. The pension is split equally among named survivors.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors are the <span class="nobr">spouse(s)</span>, sons, daughters, parents, brothers, sisters, and dependent nephews and nieces.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by 50% of the value of any salary increases paid to active civil servants.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Public-sector system:</span> Supervised by a board of directors, the General Authority for Insurances and Pensions administers the program.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Private-sector system:</span> Supervised by a tripartite board of directors, the General Corporation for Social Security administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>A health insurance program for public-sector employees only.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1991 (work injury).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits:</span> Permanent employees of government agencies and all public-sector or quasi-public entities; private-sector employees.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Public-sector employees.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 4% of total payroll (private-sector entities).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes 1% of payroll as an employer (public-sector and quasi-public entities).</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> Permanent disability as a result of a work injury.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>No benefits are provided.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>Work-related disability benefits are provided under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, above.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits are provided only for public-sector employees under the health insurance program.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> Survivor benefits are provided under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, above.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Public-sector system:</span> Supervised by a board of directors, the General Authority for Insurances and Pensions administers the program.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Private-sector system:</span> Supervised by a tripartite board of directors, the General Corporation for Social Security administers the program.</p>
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