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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2005</h1>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Zimbabwe</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: US$1.00 equals 6,200 Zimbabwean dollars (Z$).</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1993.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1995, 1998, 2001, 2002, and 2003.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<p>Note: Under the 1998 Social Welfare Assistance Act, limited public assistance is provided by the Department of Social Welfare to destitute persons incapable of work and to persons aged 65 or older or disabled.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>All employed persons between ages 16 and 65 who are citizens or residents of Zimbabwe.</p>
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<p>Note: Universal coverage is to be achieved in phases. The first completed phase provided coverage to employees in all sectors with the exception of domestic workers and civil servants. The second completed phase provided coverage to civil servants. The third phase will cover domestic workers, and the fourth phase will cover self-employed workers and informal-sector employees.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 3% of earnings.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings for contribution purposes are Z$750,000.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 3% of payroll.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings for contribution purposes are Z$750,000.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 60; age 55 for arduous employment, with at least 10 years of contributions.</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: A deferred pension is possible up to age 65.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Retirement grant:</span> Payable if the insured does not satisfy the qualifying conditions for the pension but has more than 1 year but less than 10 years of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> The insured is assessed as disabled and permanently incapable of work by a medical doctor and has at least 1 year of contributions. The disability must not be work related.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability grant:</span> Payable if the insured has less than 1 year of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit:</span> The deceased was receiving or met the qualifying conditions for the old-age or disability pension at the time of death.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors (in the order of priority) are the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>, children younger than age 18 (age 25 if a student, no limit if permanently disabled), parents, and other dependents. If there is no <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>, dependent children are paid through the legal guardian.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor grant:</span> The insured met the qualifying conditions for the retirement grant or disability grant.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors (in the order of priority) are the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>, children younger than age 18 (age 25 if a student, no limit if permanently disabled), parents, and other dependents. If there is no <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>, dependent children are paid through the legal guardian.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> The deceased must have contributed for at least 1 year. The grant is paid to the person who pays for the funeral.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> The pension is equal to 4.5% of monthly insurable earnings multiplied by the number of years of contributions up to a maximum of 30 years, plus an additional 1% of monthly insurable earnings multiplied by the number of years of contributions beyond 30 years.</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: Calculated in the same way as the pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Retirement grant:</span> A lump sum equal to 1/12 of annual insurable earnings immediately before retirement times the number of contributory years (including credited periods) up to a maximum of 10 years.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> The pension is equal to 3.4% of average insurable earnings multiplied by the number of years of contributions up to 10 years, plus 4.5% of monthly insurable earnings multiplied by the number of years of contributions from 10 years up to 30 years, plus an additional 3.4% of monthly insurable earnings multiplied by the number of years of contributions beyond 30 years.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability grant:</span> A lump sum equal to 1/12 of insurable earnings in the year immediately before the onset of disability times the number of years of contributions (including credited periods).</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> A lump sum equal to 40% of the deceased's old-age pension or disability pension is paid for a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>, 40% for children until age 18 (age 25 if a student), 12% for parents, and 8% for other eligible dependents.</p>
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<p>If there is more than one eligible widow, the pension is split equally between them.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor grant:</span> A lump sum equal to 40% of the deceased's retirement grant or disability grant is paid for a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>, 40% for children until age 18 (age 25 if a student), 12% for parents, and 8% for other eligible dependents.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum is paid for funeral expenses, up to a maximum.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Public Service, Labor, and Social Welfare provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Social Security Authority (http://www.nssa.org.zw) administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>No statutory cash benefits are provided.</p>
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<p>The labor relations act requires employers to provide a maternity benefit. The maternity benefit is 100% of wages for 45 days before and 45 days after the expected date of childbirth.</p>
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<p>A health care program provides free primary health care for low-paid workers.</p>
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<p>Government and mission hospitals serve rural areas; government and private hospitals and doctors are available in urban areas.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1990 and 1998.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>All employed persons in the private sector.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Domestic workers.</p>
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<p>Special system for civil servants.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> Total cost, met through the payment of insurance premiums.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>The benefit is equal to 100% of monthly earnings (up to a ceiling) for the first 30 days; thereafter, monthly payments are equal to 80% of monthly earnings up to and including Z$112,500, plus 60% of monthly earnings of the next Z$112,500, plus 50% of the next Z$150,000, plus 40% of the next Z$375,000.</p>
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<p>The benefit is payable for a maximum of 18 months.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> A pension is paid if the assessed degree of disability is greater than 30%.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance allowance: If totally disabled, payable for the constant attendance of another person for life.</p>
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<p>Child supplement: The first child receives 12.5% of the insured's pension; 5% each for the second to the fifth child. The rate for each subsequent child is determined by the General Manager.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: If assessed as less than 30% disabled, a lump sum is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefits are payable abroad.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical costs, including those for hospitalization, appliances, transportation, and medicines.</p>
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<p>Severely disabled persons are provided with rehabilitation services.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 66.6% of the deceased's pension is payable to a dependent <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>. If there is more than one eligible widow, the pension is split between them.</p>
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<p>The pension ceases on remarriage and a lump sum is paid.</p>
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<p>Remarriage settlement: A lump sum equal to 24 months' pension.</p>
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<p>Child supplement: Payable until the child is aged 19 or is self-supporting, whichever is earlier. The first child receives 12.5% of the insured's pension; 5% each for the second to the fifth child. The rate for each subsequent child is determined by the General Manager. The child supplement does not cease if the surviving spouse remarries.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Dependent's allowance:</span> Payable to dependent parents, brothers, and sisters for the death of an unmarried worker.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum for funeral expenses, up to a maximum.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Public Service, Labor, and Social Welfare provides general supervision.</p>
|
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<p>National Social Security Authority (http://www.nssa.org.zw) administers the program.</p>
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