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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2005</h1>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Sudan</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: US$1.00 equals 255.29 dinars.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1974.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1990 (social insurance), with 2004 amendment.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons and the self-employed.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Domestic servants, home workers, family labor, farmers and foresters, and unpaid apprentices.</p>
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<p>Special systems for civil servants, the police force, and armed forces personnel.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 8% of gross monthly earnings. (Contributions for work periods in uncovered employment may be paid retroactively by the insured person.)</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 25% of monthly income. (The declared monthly income for contribution purposes is chosen by the self-employed person from earnings classes ranging from 15,000 pounds to 200,000 pounds.)</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 15% of gross monthly payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 60 with 20 years of contributions. The normal retirement age is reduced for those in arduous work. Retirement from work is necessary.</p>
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<p>Early pension: Payable from age 50 with at least 20 years of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> Paid at the normal retirement age to an insured person who is ineligible for the old-age pension; at any age to an insured person resigning from work or laid off.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Payable for a permanent total incapacity. There is no minimum qualifying period. The onset of disability occurred while in insured employment or within 1 year of insured employment ceasing and before reaching the normal retirement age.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> Payable for the death of the insured or a pensioner. There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors are a widow or a dependent widower and children younger than age 18 (age 26 if a student, no limit for an unmarried daughter or if disabled). In the absence of a surviving widow and children, the pension is paid to dependent brothers, sisters, and parents.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death grant:</span> Paid for the death of the insured or a pensioner. In the absence of a surviving <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>, children, or parents, the benefit is paid to dependent brothers and sisters.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> The pension is equal to 1/50 of the insured's average monthly earnings in the 3 years before retirement for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of contributions.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is equal to 40% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the 3 years before retirement.</p>
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<p>The maximum pension is equal to 80% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the 3 years before retirement.</p>
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<p>The pension may be partially paid as a lump sum, without interest.</p>
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<p>Early pension: The pension is reduced by 15% if the insured is aged 50 to 54 or by 10% if aged 55 to 59.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> A refund of 100% of employer and employee contributions; the adjusted value of contributions for insured persons resigning from work or laid off.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> The pension is equal to 50% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the 3 years before the onset of disability or 1/50 of the same earnings for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of contributions, whichever is higher.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is equal to 40% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the 3 years before retirement.</p>
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<p>The maximum pension is equal to 80% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the 3 years before the onset of disability.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The maximum pension is equal to 50% of the deceased's average monthly earnings in the 3 years before death or 1/50 of the same earnings for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of contributions, whichever is higher. If there is more than one widow, the pension is split equally among them.</p>
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<p>The eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> receives 90% of the pension if there are no other eligible survivors (50% if there are either eligible parents or children; 30% if there are eligible children and parents). Full orphans receive 100% of the pension.</p>
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<p>Surviving parents receive 90% of the pension if there are no other eligible survivors; 75% if there are surviving brothers and sisters.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death grant:</span> A lump sum equal to 42 months' earnings is paid to eligible survivors for the death of an insured person; 42 months' pension if the deceased was a pensioner.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Minister of Manpower provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>No statutory cash benefits are provided.</p>
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<p>Under the 2004 Health Insurance Act, the Health Insurance Fund manages a special health insurance system for public-sector employees and insured pensioners.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1947.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1990 (social insurance), with 2004 amendment.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons and the self-employed.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Domestic servants, home workers, family labor, farmers and foresters, unpaid apprentices, and convicted persons working in prison workshops.</p>
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<p>Special systems for civil servants, the police force, and armed forces personnel.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, above.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 2% of gross monthly payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period. Accidents that occur while commuting to and from work are covered.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>The benefit is equal to 80% of the insured's monthly average earnings in the 3 years before the onset of disability multiplied by the assessed degree of disability.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> For a total disability, 80% of the insured's monthly average earnings in the last 3 years before the onset of disability.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: Equal to 50% of the pension.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: With an assessed degree of disability of at least 15%, a percentage of the full benefit according to the assessed degree of disability.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical treatment is provided by public health services. Transportation is provided by the employer.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The maximum pension is equal to 80% of the deceased's average monthly earnings in the last 3 years before death.</p>
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<p>The eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> receives 90% of the pension if there are no other eligible survivors (50% if there are either eligible parents or children; 30% if there are eligible children and parents). Full orphans receive 100% of the pension.</p>
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<p>Surviving parents receive 90% of the pension if there are no other eligible survivors; 75% if there are surviving brothers and sisters.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors are the widow or dependent widower; children younger than age 18 or disabled; unmarried daughters; and dependent brothers, sisters, and parents.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death grant:</span> A lump sum equal to 42 months' earnings is paid to eligible survivors for the death of an insured person; 42 months' pension if the deceased was a pensioner.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Minister of Labor and Administrative Reform provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
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<p>Medical care is provided by public health services.</p>
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<p>Employers must insure against liability with private insurance companies.</p>
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