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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2002</h1>
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<div id="breadcrumbs" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList">You are here: <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Social Security Administration</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1" /></span> > <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/policy/index.html" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Research, Statistics & Policy Analysis</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2" /></span> > <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="index.html" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2002</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="3" /></span></div>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Syria</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: U.S.$1.00 equals 46 pounds.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1959, with 1976 amendment, and 2001.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees in industry and commerce and agricultural workers.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Domestic servants, temporary and casual employees, and those engaged in family labor.</p>
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<p>Special system for public employees.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage: Expatriate Syrian workers can opt to join the program.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 7% of earnings (plus an optional 1% of earnings for lump-sum benefits for partial and total disability or death).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 14% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<h4>Old-age pension</h4>
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<p>Age 60 (men) or 55 (women) with 180 months of contributions; age 55 (men) or 50 (women) with 240 months of contributions.</p>
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<p>Maximum pension: At any age (men and women) with 360 months of contributions.</p>
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<p>Old-age pension increment: A lump sum for covered years beyond 30 years of coverage up to a maximum of 5 years.</p>
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<p>Earnings test: The pension is reduced by the amount by which the sum of the pension plus current earnings exceeds prior earnings or by 500 pounds per month, whichever is greater.</p>
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<p>Payments abroad are made at the discretion of the Social Insurance Institute.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> Ineligible for old-age pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Loss of at least 80% working capacity. Contributions throughout the last 12 months, or for a total of 24 months including the last 3 months.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit:</span> Disability exceeds 35% and voluntarily insured for this additional benefit.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased met the contribution conditions for the disability pension or was a pensioner at the time of death.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death benefit:</span> Payable to a survivor of a person voluntarily insured for this additional benefit.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 2.22% of average earnings during the last 2 years (or 5 successive years in the last 10 years if higher) times the number of years of service.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is 419 pounds a month.</p>
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<p>The maximum pension is 3,450 pounds a month, or 75% of earnings if less.</p>
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<p>Old-age pension increment: A lump sum equal to 1 month's pension for every covered year beyond 30 years of coverage.</p>
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<p>The maximum lump-sum increment is 5 month's pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> 11% to 15% of total covered earnings, if ineligible for the old-age pension.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> A basis of 40% of average earnings plus 2% of average earnings for each year of covered employment.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is 419 pounds a month.</p>
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<p>The maximum pension is 80% of average earnings.</p>
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<p>Temporary disability pension: The minimum pension is 343 pounds a month, plus 25 pounds for each dependent.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit:</span> A lump sum equal to 50% of the insured's last year's wages. The benefit is increased by an additional 50% if the insured is totally disabled as a result of an employment accident.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The pension is equal to 37.5% of the insured's disability pension, payable to an unemployed widow at any age or a disabled widower.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> The pension is equal to 25% of the insured's disability pension for the first orphan (under age 21; age 24 if disabled), or 37.5% for a full orphan; 12.5% for the second orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Dependent parents:</span> The pension is equal to 12.5% of the insured's disability pension for each parent.</p>
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<p>The minimum survivor pension is 400 pounds a month for a widow; 96 pounds each for other survivors.</p>
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<p>The maximum survivor pension is equal to 75% of the disability pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death benefit:</span> A lump sum equal to 100% of the insured's last year's wages is payable to a survivor. The lump sum is increased by 50% if the insured's death was caused by an employment accident.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of 1 month's earnings.</p>
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<p>The maximum funeral grant is 100 pounds.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Institution of Social Insurance, managed by a tripartite board of directors and a director general, administers the program through regional and district offices.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1946.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1959, with 1976 amendment.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees in industry, commerce, and agriculture; municipal workers; and public employees.</p>
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<p>Exclusion: Domestic servants.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 3% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> No minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>80% of earnings during the first month; thereafter, 100% of earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum benefit is 2,000 pounds a month, payable from the day after the injury occurred for up to 12 months.</p>
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<p>Work injury benefits can be combined with other pension entitlements.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> 75% of the average monthly wage in the previous year, if 80% or more disabled.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is 458 pounds a month.</p>
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<p>Work injury benefits can be combined with other pension entitlements.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: For a degree of disability of 35% to 79%, a percentage of the full pension proportionate to the degree of disability. For a degree of disability less than 35%, a lump sum of 1 year's partial pension.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>General and specialist care, surgery, hospitalization, drugs, X-rays, appliances, and rehabilitation.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 75% of the last year's wage of the deceased insured, divided among eligible survivors: 50%
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for the widow and 50% for orphans; if there is a dependent parent, 20% to the parent, 40% to the widow, and 40% to orphans.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is 400 pounds a month for a widow; 96 pounds each for other survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum equal to 1 month's earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum funeral grant is 80 pounds.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Institution of Social Insurance administers contributions and benefits.</p>
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