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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2003</h1>
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<h1>Costa Rica</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: U.S.$1.00 equals 394.64&nbsp;colones.</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1941 (social insurance fund).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1993 (pensions), 1995 (self-employed), 1995 (private pensions), and 2000 (workers' protection).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance and mandatory private insurance system.</p>
<p>Note: In 2000, a system of mandatory private individual accounts was introduced as a supplement to the social insurance program.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employed persons in the public and private sectors.</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage for the self-employed.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<h4>Social insurance</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Insured person:</span> 2.5% of earnings; the self-employed contribute between 4.75% and 7.25% of earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer:</span> 4.5% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Government:</span> 0.25% of total covered earnings.</p>
<h4>Private insurance</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Insured person:</span> 1% of earnings, plus an additional amount for administrative fees.</p>
<p>Employer: 3.25% of payroll (1.5% of which is for the mandatory severance pay scheme).</p>
<p><span class="h5">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<h4>Old-age pension</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension (social insurance):</span> Age&nbsp;61 and 11&nbsp;months (men) or age&nbsp;59 and 11&nbsp;months (women). The total number of required monthly contributions decreases the longer the pension is deferred, from 466 monthly contributions at the earliest retirement age down to 240 monthly contributions at age&nbsp;65.</p>
<p>Retirement from covered employment is not necessary.</p>
<p>The pension is payable abroad.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension (private insurance):</span> Age&nbsp;61 and 11&nbsp;months (men) or age&nbsp;59 and 11&nbsp;months (women). The insured must also submit proof of eligibility for benefits under the public social security program.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (social insurance):</span> A loss of 66.6% of usual earning capacity. The total number of required contributions varies by age.</p>
<p>The minimum number of required contributions for an insured person up to age&nbsp;24 is 12&nbsp;contributions.</p>
<p>The maximum number of required contributions for an insured person aged between&nbsp;52 and 65 is 120&nbsp;contributions.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability grant (social insurance):</span> A loss of 66.6% of usual earning capacity and with at least 60&nbsp;contributions.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (social insurance):</span> The insured was eligible for the old-age pension or disability pension or had made 12&nbsp;contributions in the last 24&nbsp;months or 180&nbsp;contributions at any time.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance benefits (noncontributory):</span> See Family Allowances.</p>
<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
<h4>Old-age pension</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension (social insurance):</span> 60% of average earnings based on the highest 48&nbsp;monthly salary payments during the last 5&nbsp;years of coverage.</p>
<p>The basic benefit is increased by 0.0835% of average earnings for each month of contributions above 240. An increment of 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% of the pension is paid for the first, second, and third year, respectively, that the pension is deferred after the earliest pensionable age.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly pension is 36,000&nbsp;colones (if the computed pension amount is smaller, a lump sum is paid).</p>
<p>The maximum monthly pension is 465,207&nbsp;colones (up to 658,267&nbsp;colones in the case of deferred retirement).</p>
<p>Schedule of payments: Thirteen payments a year.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted twice a year, in January and July.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension (private insurance):</span> The insured can choose to draw down the accumulated capital in programmed periodic withdrawals or to purchase an annuity at retirement. In most cases, the withdrawal of funds before retirement is not permitted.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance old-age benefit:</span> See Family Allowances.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (social insurance):</span> 60% of average earnings based on the highest 48&nbsp;monthly salary payments during the last 5&nbsp;years of coverage.</p>
<p>The basic benefit is increased by 0.0835% of average earnings for each month of contributions above 240.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly pension is 36,000&nbsp;colones (if the computed pension amount is smaller, a lump sum is paid).</p>
<p>The maximum monthly pension is 465,207&nbsp;colones.</p>
<p>Schedule of payments: Thirteen payments a year.</p>
<p>Disability grant: A lump sum equal to 7&nbsp;months' average earnings.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted twice a year, in January and July.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance disability benefit:</span> See Family Allowances.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (social insurance):</span> A <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or companion under age&nbsp;50 receives 50% of the insured's pension; 60% if age&nbsp;50 or under age&nbsp;60; 70% if over age&nbsp;60 or disabled.</p>
<p>The minimum pension for one survivor is 70% of the insured's pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension (social insurance):</span> Under age&nbsp;18 (age&nbsp;25 if a student) or disabled, 30% of the insured's pension; 60% for a full orphan.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Other eligible survivors (social insurance):</span> Dependent parents and dependent siblings receive 20% of the insured's pension each; dependents over age&nbsp;55 receive 60% of the insured's pension each.</p>
<p>The total maximum survivor pension is 100% of the insured's pension.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted twice a year, in January and July.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance survivor benefit:</span> See Family Allowances.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> Directed by an executive president and a nine-member board, the Costa Rican Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
<p>State auditor supervises the financial operations of the fund.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Private insurance:</span> Superintendence of Pensions regulates and supervises pension operators and service providers.</p>
<p>National Council for the Supervision of the Financial System provides regulatory oversight.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1941 and 1943.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1961, 1973, and 1993.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system. Cash and medical benefits.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness and maternity cash benefits:</span> Employed persons, including the self-employed, indigent persons, prisoners, and pensioners.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical care:</span> All residents. (International agreements provide emergency care for visitors to the country.)</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 5.5% of earnings; the self-employed contribute between 4.75% and 7.75% of earnings; pensioners contribute 5% of the pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 9.25% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> 0.25% of total covered earnings.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness and medical benefits:</span> Contributions in the month preceding the onset of illness and currently registered for cash sickness. For medical benefits, coverage begins in the month in which the insured first registers.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits and maternity care:</span> The insured has 26&nbsp;weeks of contributions in the last 52&nbsp;weeks. The wife of an insured man is eligible for maternity care if the insured contributed in the month preceding the birth.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 60% of earnings during last 3&nbsp;months, payable after a <span class="nobr">3-day</span> waiting period.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 50% of earnings, payable for 30&nbsp;days before and 90&nbsp;days after the expected date of childbirth. (Health insurance pays 50% and the employer pays the remaining 50%.)</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical services are normally provided directly to patients through the medical facilities of the Social Insurance Fund. Benefits include general, specialist, and maternity care; hospitalization; medicines; dental, auditory, and limited optometry services; and appliances (at a reduced cost). Benefits are payable for up to 52&nbsp;weeks (may be extended in special cases).</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical services are normally provided directly to patients through the medical facilities of the Social Insurance Fund. Benefits include general, specialist, and maternity care; hospitalization; medicines; dental, auditory, and limited optometry services; and appliances (at a reduced cost). Benefits are payable for up to 52&nbsp;weeks (may be extended in special cases).</p>
<p>Funeral expenses: 80,000&nbsp;colones, payable for the funeral of the insured or his or her spouse or companion.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Costa Rican Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
<p>Costa Rican Social Insurance Fund owns and operates 29&nbsp;hospitals and 152&nbsp;clinics and is gradually extending jurisdiction over other hospitals and clinics.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1925.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1982 (labor code).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability system, involving compulsory and voluntary insurance with a public carrier.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employed persons.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> Total cost, met through insurance premiums varying according to the assessed degree of risk.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>75% of daily earnings for first 45&nbsp;days; thereafter, 100% of the minimum salary plus 75% of the insured's earnings over this amount. The benefit is payable from the onset of disability for up to 2&nbsp;years.</p>
<p>The minimum benefit equals the legal minimum wage at the time of the onset of disability.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> For an assessed degree of disability of more than 67% (total disability), the monthly pension is 100% of the minimum wage plus 90% of the insured's earnings that exceed the minimum wage.</p>
<p>Grants may be awarded in order to purchase, rent, or modify a house.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance allowance: 78,275&nbsp;colones in case of total permanent disability; an additional 44,547&nbsp;colones for the most severe cases.</p>
<p>Partial disability: If the assessed degree of disability is between 50% and 67%, the benefit equals 67% of earnings and is payable for up to 10&nbsp;years. If the assessed degree of disability is between 0.5% and 50%, the benefit equals the assessed degree of disability times annual earnings and is payable for up to 5&nbsp;years. Benefit may be extended for additional <span class="nobr">5-year</span> periods on a means-tested basis.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Benefits include medical and surgical care, hospitalization, medicines, appliances, and rehabilitation.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 40% of the insured's earnings, payable to a widow or to a disabled widower. The pension is payable for 10&nbsp;years but may be extended for additional <span class="nobr">5-year</span> periods in special cases.</p>
<p>The maximum <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> pension is 40% of the insured's earnings; 30% if there are other eligible dependents.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 15% to 40% of the insured's earnings for up to three orphans under age&nbsp;18 (age&nbsp;25 if a student in higher education, no limit if disabled).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Other eligible survivors:</span> 20% of the insured's earnings is payable to the insured's mother (30% if there are no dependent children) for a period of 10&nbsp;years. A pension is also payable to a dependent father or other dependent adults including those aged&nbsp;60 or older and unable to work.</p>
<p>The maximum total survivor pension is 75% of the insured's earnings or 100% of the minimum wage, whichever is higher.</p>
<p>Funeral grant: 75,000&nbsp;colones, plus transportation costs (15,000&nbsp;colones if the death occurred in Cost Rica or 60,000&nbsp;colones if the death occurred abroad).</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Security provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Insurance Institute administers the program.</p>
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p>No statutory benefits are provided. (Under labor law, employers must contribute 1.5% of payroll to a mandatory severance pay scheme.)</p>
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1974.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social assistance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Indigent persons who are not entitled to a contributory pension.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 5% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> 20% of proceeds from the sales tax.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances (means-tested):</span> Allowances are payable to persons over age&nbsp;65, disabled persons, widows with dependents under age&nbsp;18 or disabled at any age, widows over age&nbsp;50 without dependents, and orphans under age&nbsp;18.</p>
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances (means-tested):</span> 13,800&nbsp;colones a month for a beneficiary, plus 10% for each dependent up to a maximum of three.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Security provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Social Development and Family Allowances Fund directs the program.</p>
<p>Costa Rican Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
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