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<title>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2003 - Chad</title>
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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2003</h1>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Chad</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: U.S.$1.00 equals 628.89 CFA francs.</div>
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<p>Note: This information is from 1999.</p>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1977, implemented in 1984.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Salaried workers regulated by the labor code.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 2% of earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 4% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<p>Workers' incomes are determined by the provisions of the labor code.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 55 (age 50 if prematurely aged) with 180 months of insurance coverage or 60 months of contributions during the last 10 years. Retirement from gainful employment is necessary.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> Age 55 (age 50 if prematurely aged) and ineligible for the old-age pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> A loss of 2/3 of earning capacity with 5 years of insurance, including 6 months of contributions in the year preceding the onset of disability. (There is no qualifying period if the disability is the result of a nonoccupational accident; for an occupational accident, see Work Injury, below).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The insured person met the pension requirements, was a pensioner, or had 180 months of insurance coverage at the time of death.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> Paid to a survivor if the insured person was ineligible for a pension.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 30% of average monthly earnings during the last 3 or 5 years (whichever is higher), plus an increment of 1.2% for every 12-month period of insurance coverage beyond 180.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is 60% of the highest minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The maximum pension is 80% of earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> If ineligible for the old-age pension, a lump sum equal to 1 month's wages for each year of insurance coverage.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> 30% of average monthly earnings during the last 3 or 5 years (whichever is higher), plus an increment of 1.2% for every 12-month period of insurance coverage beyond 180. For each year that a claim is made before the insured person reaches age 55, the insured person is credited with a coverage period.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is 60% of the highest regional minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The maximum pension is 80% of earnings.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: 50% of the pension.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 50% of the insured's pension is paid to a widow aged 40 or older, caring for a child, pregnant, or disabled, provided that she was married at least 1 year prior to the insured's death. If there is more than one widow, the pension is divided equally. A pension is also payable to a dependent disabled widower if he was married at least 1 year prior to the insured's death.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 25% of the insured's pension for each orphan; 40% for each full orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> A lump-sum payment if the insured was ineligible for a pension.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor and Public Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1952.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1966.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system. Maternity benefits only.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed women.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Family Allowances, below.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> See source of funds under Family Allowances, below.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> Six months of employment immediately prior to the cessation of work.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> No statutory benefits are provided. (The labor code requires employers to provide paid sick leave.)</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 50% of earnings is payable for 6 weeks before and 8 weeks (11 weeks in case of complications) after the expected date of childbirth.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>No statutory benefits are provided. (The labor code requires employers to provide certain medical services.)</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>No statutory benefits are provided. (Some maternity and child health and welfare services are provided under Family Allowances, below.)</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor and Public Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1935.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1966.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 2.5% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period. The work accident must be reported within 48 hours.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>2/3 of the insured's average daily wage received during the 30 days preceding the onset of disability. The benefit is payable from the day after the onset of the disability until full recovery or until certification of permanent disability (after 2 years).</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> For total disability, 100% of average earnings.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: Average earnings multiplied by 0.5 times the assessed degree of disability for the portion of disability up to 50% and by a maximum of 0.5 times the assessed degree of disability for the portion above 50%.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: 40% of the pension.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Benefits include medical and surgical care, hospitalization, medicines, appliances, and transportation.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 30% of the insured's earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 15% of the insured's earnings each; 20% for each full orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Dependent parents and grandparents:</span> 10% of the insured's earnings each.</p>
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<p>The maximum survivor pension is 85% of the insured's earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> Reimbursement for burial expenses up to 1/24 of covered earnings.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor and Public Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1956.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1966.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employment-related system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees with one or more children.</p>
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<p>Special system for public-sector employees.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 6% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> A subsidy from earmarked taxes.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings for contribution purposes are 130,000 CFA francs.</p>
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<p>All of the above contributions also finance maternity benefits.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> The child must be under age 15 (age 18 if an apprentice; age 21 if a student or disabled). The parent must have 6 months of employment and be currently working 20 days a month, or be the widow of a beneficiary.</p>
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<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> 600 CFA francs a month for each child.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Prenatal allowance:</span> 5,400 CFA francs for each month of pregnancy. The allowance is paid in two installments.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> A lump sum of 6,000 CFA francs for each of the first three births.</p>
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<p>Some maternity and child health and welfare services are also provided.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor and Public Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
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