191 lines
No EOL
38 KiB
HTML
191 lines
No EOL
38 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html>
|
|
<html class="no-js" lang="en">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
|
|
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
|
|
<title>International Update, June 2020</title>
|
|
<meta name="dc.identifier" content="https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/intl_update/2020-06/index.html" />
|
|
<meta name="DCTERMS:contentOffice" content="ORDP:ORES" />
|
|
<meta name="DCTERMS:contentOwner" content="publications@ssa.gov" />
|
|
<meta name="DCTERMS:coderOffice" content="ORDP:ORES:OD" />
|
|
<meta name="DCTERMS:coder" content="op.webmaster@ssa.gov" />
|
|
<meta name="DCTERMS:dateCertified" content="2025-01-01" />
|
|
<meta name="description" content="Social Security Administration Research, Statistics, and Policy Analysis" />
|
|
<!-- STYLES & SCRIPTS -->
|
|
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.1.min.js" integrity="sha256-/JqT3SQfawRcv/BIHPThkBvs0OEvtFFmqPF/lYI/Cxo=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
|
|
<link href="/framework/css/phoenix.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" />
|
|
<link href="/policy/styles/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" />
|
|
<link href="/policy/styles/nav-shared.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" />
|
|
<!-- SSA INTERNET HEAD SCRIPTS -->
|
|
<script src="/framework/js/ssa.internet.head.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
<script>(window.BOOMR_mq=window.BOOMR_mq||[]).push(["addVar",{"rua.upush":"false","rua.cpush":"false","rua.upre":"false","rua.cpre":"false","rua.uprl":"false","rua.cprl":"false","rua.cprf":"false","rua.trans":"SJ-3a3bb884-f513-47e3-a86c-84bab05e21dc","rua.cook":"true","rua.ims":"false","rua.ufprl":"false","rua.cfprl":"false","rua.isuxp":"false","rua.texp":"norulematch","rua.ceh":"false","rua.ueh":"false","rua.ieh.st":"0"}]);</script>
|
|
<script>!function(e){var n="https://s.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/";if("False"=="True")e.BOOMR_config=e.BOOMR_config||{},e.BOOMR_config.PageParams=e.BOOMR_config.PageParams||{},e.BOOMR_config.PageParams.pci=!0,n="https://s2.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/";if(window.BOOMR_API_key="LERZW-HECFS-R8H4E-23UQ7-ERMQB",function(){function e(){if(!o){var e=document.createElement("script");e.id="boomr-scr-as",e.src=window.BOOMR.url,e.async=!0,i.parentNode.appendChild(e),o=!0}}function t(e){o=!0;var n,t,a,r,d=document,O=window;if(window.BOOMR.snippetMethod=e?"if":"i",t=function(e,n){var t=d.createElement("script");t.id=n||"boomr-if-as",t.src=window.BOOMR.url,BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),e=e||d.body,e.appendChild(t)},!window.addEventListener&&window.attachEvent&&navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE [67]\./))return window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="s",void t(i.parentNode,"boomr-async");a=document.createElement("IFRAME"),a.src="about:blank",a.title="",a.role="presentation",a.loading="eager",r=(a.frameElement||a).style,r.width=0,r.height=0,r.border=0,r.display="none",i.parentNode.appendChild(a);try{O=a.contentWindow,d=O.document.open()}catch(_){n=document.domain,a.src="javascript:var d=document.open();d.domain='"+n+"';void(0);",O=a.contentWindow,d=O.document.open()}if(n)d._boomrl=function(){this.domain=n,t()},d.write("<bo"+"dy onload='document._boomrl();'>");else if(O._boomrl=function(){t()},O.addEventListener)O.addEventListener("load",O._boomrl,!1);else if(O.attachEvent)O.attachEvent("onload",O._boomrl);d.close()}function a(e){window.BOOMR_onload=e&&e.timeStamp||(new Date).getTime()}if(!window.BOOMR||!window.BOOMR.version&&!window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted){window.BOOMR=window.BOOMR||{},window.BOOMR.snippetStart=(new Date).getTime(),window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted=!0,window.BOOMR.snippetVersion=12,window.BOOMR.url=n+"LERZW-HECFS-R8H4E-23UQ7-ERMQB";var i=document.currentScript||document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o=!1,r=document.createElement("link");if(r.relList&&"function"==typeof r.relList.supports&&r.relList.supports("preload")&&"as"in r)window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="p",r.href=window.BOOMR.url,r.rel="preload",r.as="script",r.addEventListener("load",e),r.addEventListener("error",function(){t(!0)}),setTimeout(function(){if(!o)t(!0)},3e3),BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),i.parentNode.appendChild(r);else t(!1);if(window.addEventListener)window.addEventListener("load",a,!1);else if(window.attachEvent)window.attachEvent("onload",a)}}(),"".length>0)if(e&&"performance"in e&&e.performance&&"function"==typeof e.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize)e.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize();!function(){if(BOOMR=e.BOOMR||{},BOOMR.plugins=BOOMR.plugins||{},!BOOMR.plugins.AK){var n="false"=="true"?1:0,t="cookiepresent",a="eyd7g6aaiaaamjqacqdfqaaaabt3moqe-f-f74b82fce-clienttons-s.akamaihd.net",i="false"=="true"?2:1,o={"ak.v":"39","ak.cp":"1204614","ak.ai":parseInt("728289",10),"ak.ol":"0","ak.cr":3,"ak.ipv":6,"ak.proto":"h2","ak.rid":"14c844e1","ak.r":19138,"ak.a2":n,"ak.m":"dsca","ak.n":"essl","ak.bpcip":"2607:f378:40:6::","ak.cport":40596,"ak.gh":"23.60.168.62","ak.quicv":"","ak.tlsv":"tls1.3","ak.0rtt":"","ak.0rtt.ed":"","ak.csrc":"-","ak.acc":"","ak.t":"1739995652","ak.ak":"hOBiQwZUYzCg5VSAfCLimQ==eu+bBd5g41bRW/n/avzebE+r+wZ0VKK4O9uEG0c8HJXeCv5lRe68uMsqboc0nBCD/cuyzjn59tb+qMwwW8fwl4KYhGwPyS48gr+TRvHIvyfUXEkR0L6EShPbbxBGg0MDz9/xmmURjvbgKof88N5Tby2R7IhAvRTCf/ie+fdJKaNyVr15H2HpNTKcIV/EWcnfe6d3gzY6/HHKyu2SrAkMRQojm/t3+rN6hy26NUtM9+IiJB0RHOUD/lrj6HTzG3ioumphSgR1QbRikRD6R+XKFYfx2T1iUhdkRebQWbq7o3RpOT49YcvpbUGq/9OrnG66PMEVbv8d5Ccc+C6p0FfdMLBx8LeM8V8ZLcWk84NMc7MuKYDVMa6nkScXj8nT7q0tf+N/Bz/Kz4SRU2MSlW2JavNDiv8dPIKsSP2TdoHlNt0=","ak.pv":"98","ak.dpoabenc":"","ak.tf":i};if(""!==t)o["ak.ruds"]=t;var r={i:!1,av:function(n){var t="http.initiator";if(n&&(!n[t]||"spa_hard"===n[t]))o["ak.feo"]=void 0!==e.aFeoApplied?1:0,BOOMR.addVar(o)},rv:function(){var e=["ak.bpcip","ak.cport","ak.cr","ak.csrc","ak.gh","ak.ipv","ak.m","ak.n","ak.ol","ak.proto","ak.quicv","ak.tlsv","ak.0rtt","ak.0rtt.ed","ak.r","ak.acc","ak.t","ak.tf"];BOOMR.removeVar(e)}};BOOMR.plugins.AK={akVars:o,akDNSPreFetchDomain:a,init:function(){if(!r.i){var e=BOOMR.subscribe;e("before_beacon",r.av,null,null),e("onbeacon",r.rv,null,null),r.i=!0}return this},is_complete:function(){return!0}}}}()}(window);</script></head>
|
|
<body class="RA IU">
|
|
<div id="page">
|
|
<div class="bg-dark-gray accessibility" id="accessibility"><a id="skip-navigation" href="#content">Skip to main content</a></div><ssa-header class="print-hide"><noscript><header class="banner-neo" id="banner" role="banner" style="background-color: #0b4778;"><div class="banner-wrapper"><h1 class="banner-logo"><a class="banner-logo__link" href="/">Social Security</a></h1><nav class="banner-nav" id="banner-nav"><a class="banner-nav__link banner-search" href="https://search.ssa.gov/search?affiliate=ssa" title="Search" target="_blank"><svg class="banner-nav__icon" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M 10 23 C 11.219 23 12.384 22.762 13.496 22.285 C 14.608 21.808 15.565 21.169 16.367 20.367 C 17.169 19.565 17.808 18.608 18.285 17.496 C 18.762 16.384 19 15.219 19 14 C 19 12.953 18.829 11.951 18.488 10.992 C 18.147 10.033 17.661 9.164 17.031 8.383 L 22.711 2.711 C 22.904 2.518 23 2.281 23 2 C 23 1.713 22.905 1.475 22.715 1.285 C 22.525 1.095 22.287 1 22 1 C 21.719 1 21.482 1.096 21.289 1.289 L 15.617 6.969 C 14.836 6.339 13.966 5.853 13.008 5.512 C 12.05 5.171 11.047 5 10 5 C 8.781 5 7.616 5.238 6.504 5.715 C 5.392 6.192 4.435 6.831 3.633 7.633 C 2.831 8.435 2.192 9.392 1.715 10.504 C 1.238 11.616 1 12.781 1 14 C 1 15.219 1.238 16.384 1.715 17.496 C 2.192 18.608 2.831 19.565 3.633 20.367 C 4.435 21.169 5.392 21.808 6.504 22.285 C 7.616 22.762 8.781 23 10 23 Z M 10 21 C 9.052 21 8.146 20.815 7.281 20.445 C 6.416 20.075 5.672 19.578 5.047 18.953 C 4.422 18.328 3.925 17.584 3.555 16.719 C 3.185 15.854 3 14.948 3 14 C 3 13.052 3.185 12.146 3.555 11.281 C 3.925 10.416 4.422 9.672 5.047 9.047 C 5.672 8.422 6.416 7.925 7.281 7.555 C 8.146 7.185 9.052 7 10 7 C 10.948 7 11.854 7.185 12.719 7.555 C 13.584 7.925 14.328 8.422 14.953 9.047 C 15.578 9.672 16.075 10.416 16.445 11.281 C 16.815 12.146 17 13.052 17 14 C 17 14.948 16.815 15.854 16.445 16.719 C 16.075 17.584 15.578 18.328 14.953 18.953 C 14.328 19.578 13.584 20.075 12.719 20.445 C 11.854 20.815 10.948 21 10 21 Z" transform="matrix(-1, 0, 0, -1, 24.000001, 24.000001)" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"></path></svg> <span>Search</span> </a><a class="banner-nav__link banner-menu" href="/menu" id="ssa-menu" title="Menu"><svg class="banner-nav__icon" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 5h18q.414 0 .707.293T22 6t-.293.707T21 7H3q-.414 0-.707-.293T2 6t.293-.707T3 5zm0 12h18q.414 0 .707.293T22 18t-.293.707T21 19H3q-.414 0-.707-.293T2 18t.293-.707T3 17zm0-6h18q.414 0 .707.293T22 12t-.293.707T21 13H3q-.414 0-.707-.293T2 12t.293-.707T3 11z" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"></path></svg> <span>Menu</span> </a><a class="banner-nav__link banner-languages" href="/es" id="ssa-languages" title="Español" hreflang="es"><svg class="banner-nav__icon" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 0C5.373 0 0 5.373 0 12s5.373 12 12 12c.812 0 1.604-.08 2.37-.235-.31-.147-.343-1.255-.037-1.887.34-.703 1.406-2.485.35-3.08-1.053-.6-.76-.868-1.405-1.56-.644-.692-.38-.796-.422-.974-.14-.61.62-1.523.656-1.616.035-.094.035-.446.023-.55-.012-.107-.48-.387-.597-.4-.117-.01-.176.188-.34.2-.164.012-.88-.433-1.03-.55-.154-.117-.224-.398-.435-.61-.21-.212-.235-.047-.562-.175-.327-.13-1.382-.516-2.19-.844-.81-.33-.88-.79-.892-1.114-.012-.325-.492-.797-.718-1.137-.225-.342-.267-.81-.348-.705-.082.106.422 1.336.34 1.37-.083.037-.26-.338-.493-.643-.235-.304.245-.14-.505-1.617-.75-1.476.235-2.23.282-3 .048-.77.633.28.328-.21-.304-.493.023-1.524-.21-1.9-.235-.374-1.57.423-1.57.423.034-.363 1.17-.985 1.99-1.56.82-.573 1.322-.128 1.982.083.66.21.703.142.48-.07-.222-.21.094-.316.61-.235.516.082.656.704 1.442.645.784-.06.08.152.186.35.105.2-.117.177-.633.53-.516.35.012.35.926 1.02.913.667.632-.447.538-.94-.094-.49.668-.105.668-.105.563.375.46.02.87.15.408.13 1.52 1.07 1.52 1.07-1.395.762-.516.844-.282 1.02.235.175-.48.515-.48.515-.294-.293-.34.012-.528.117-.187.105-.012.375-.012.375-.97.153-.75 1.173-.738 1.418.012.247-.62.622-.786.973-.164.35.423 1.113.117 1.16-.305.048-.61-1.148-2.25-.703-.495.134-1.593.703-1.008 1.863.585 1.16 1.558-.328 1.886-.164.33.163-.093.902-.023.913.07.012.927.033.974 1.032.048 1 1.3.914 1.57.938.27.023 1.173-.74 1.3-.774.13-.035.646-.47 1.77.175 1.126.644 1.7.55 2.086.82.387.27.117.81.48.985.365.176 1.818-.058 2.18.54.364.597-1.5 3.597-2.085 3.925-.586.328-.856 1.078-1.442 1.558-.69.563-1.418 1.076-2.18 1.535-.684.407-.807 1.137-1.112 1.367C19.984 22.52 24 17.73 24 12c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12zm2.813 11.262c-.165.047-.504.352-1.336-.14-.832-.494-1.406-.4-1.477-.48 0 0-.07-.2.293-.236.747-.072 1.688.692 1.9.704.21.012.315-.21.69-.09.375.12.094.195-.07.242zM10.887 1.196c-.082-.06.068-.128.157-.246.05-.07.013-.182.078-.246.175-.177 1.043-.423.874.058-.17.48-.98.527-1.11.434zm2.098 1.523c-.293-.013-.983-.086-.856-.212.494-.492-.188-.633-.61-.668-.423-.036-.598-.27-.388-.294.21-.024 1.055.013 1.196.13.14.117.902.422.95.644.047.223 0 .41-.293.4zm2.542-.083c-.234.188-1.413-.673-1.64-.867-.985-.844-1.513-.563-1.72-.703-.206-.142-.132-.33.184-.61.318-.282 1.21.094 1.724.152.516.058 1.113.457 1.125.93.01.474.562.91.327 1.097z" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"></path></svg> <span>Español</span> </a><a class="banner-nav__link banner-signin" href="https://secure.ssa.gov/RIL/SiView.action" id="ssa-signin" title="Sign in" target="_blank"><svg class="banner-nav__icon" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 17.016q-.797 0-1.406-.61t-.61-1.405.61-1.405 1.406-.61 1.406.61.61 1.406-.61 1.407-1.406.61zm6 3V9.986H6v10.03h12zm-6-17.11q-1.266 0-2.18.914T8.906 6H9v2.016h6.094V6q0-1.266-.914-2.18T12 2.906zm6 5.11q.797 0 1.406.586t.61 1.383v10.03q0 .798-.61 1.384T18 21.984H6q-.797 0-1.406-.586t-.61-1.384V9.986q0-.798.61-1.384T6 8.016h.984V6q0-2.063 1.477-3.54T12 .985t3.54 1.477T17.015 6v2.016H18z" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"></path></svg> <span>Sign in</span></a></nav></div></header></noscript></ssa-header><script src="https://www.ssa.gov/legacy/components/dist/ssa-header.js"></script>
|
|
<div id="title-bar"><h2>Research, Statistics & Policy Analysis</h2></div>
|
|
<div class="rMenuBtn show-phone" id="rMenuBtn">☰ Browse publications</div>
|
|
<div id="content" role="main">
|
|
<div class="grid">
|
|
<div class="breadRSPA" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList">You are here: <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Social Security Administration</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1" /></span> > <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/policy/index.html" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Research, Statistics & Policy Analysis</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2" /></span> > <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/policy/research.html" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Research & Analysis Archives</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="3" /></span> > International Update, June 2020</div>
|
|
<div class="row-12">
|
|
<div class="column-3 leftNav"><nav class="rMenu" id="rMenu" role="navigation" aria-label="Main Navigation">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li id="RSH"><a href="/policy/index.html">Research & Statistics Home</a></li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu1a" id="RA"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Research & Analysis</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/progdesc/intl_update/index.html">International Update</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/research.html?type=Issue%20Paper">Issue Papers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/research.html?type=ORES%20Working%20Paper"><abbr class="spell">ORES</abbr> Working Papers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/research.html?type=Policy%20Brief">Policy Briefs</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/research.html?type=Research%20and%20Statistics%20Note">Research & Statistics Notes</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/research.html?type=Research%20Summary">Research Summaries</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/index.html">Social Security Bulletin</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="menu2a"><a href="/policy/research.html" title="Research and Analysis Archives">Archives</a></li>
|
|
<li class="menu2a"><a href="/policy/author-index.html">Author index</a></li>
|
|
<li class="noClick menu1a" id="SDF"><a href="#" tabindex="-1">Statistics</a></li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu2a"> <a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Current editions</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/di_asr/index.html">Annual Statistical Report on the Social Security Disability Insurance Program</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/supplement/index.html">Annual Statistical Supplement</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/factsheets/cong_stats/index.html">Congressional Statistics</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/chartbooks/di-ssi-employment/index.html"><abbr class="spell">DI</abbr> & <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Program Participants: Characteristics & Employment</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/eedata_sc/index.html">Earnings & Employment Data..., by State & County</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/chartbooks/expenditures_aged/index.html">Expenditures of the Aged Chartbook</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/chartbooks/fast_facts/index.html">Fast Facts & Figures About Social Security</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/chartbooks/income_aged/index.html">Income of the Aged Chartbook</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/income_pop55/index.html">Income of the Population 55 or Older</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/nbs/index.html">National Beneficiary Survey: Disability Statistics</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/oasdi_sc/index.html"><abbr class="spell">OASDI</abbr> Beneficiaries by State & County</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/oasdi_zip/index.html"><abbr class="spell">OASDI</abbr> Beneficiaries by State & <abbr>ZIP</abbr> Code</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/ssi_asr/index.html"><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Annual Statistical Report</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/ssi_monthly/index.html"><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Monthly Statistics</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/ssi_sc/index.html"><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Recipients by State & County</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/statistics.html?type=Statistics%20at%20a%20Glance">Statistics At a Glance</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="menu2b"> <a href="/policy/statistics.html" title="Statistics Archives">Archives</a></li>
|
|
<li class="menu1b" id="PUDF"><a href="/policy/docs/data/index.html">Public-Use Data Files</a></li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu1b" id="POP"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Population Profiles</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/child-beneficiaries.html">Child Beneficiaries</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/child-beneficiary-families.html">Child Beneficiary Families</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/fully-insured-workers.html">Fully Insured Workers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/marital-status-poverty.html">Marital Status & Poverty</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/middle-class-beneficiaries.html">Middle Class Beneficiaries</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/never-beneficiaries.html">Never Beneficiaries</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/tax-max-earners.html">Taxable Maximum Earners</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/veteran-beneficiaries.html">Veteran Beneficiaries</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu1b" id="PE"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Program Explainers</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/benefit-claiming-age.html">Benefit Claiming Age</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/government-pension-offset.html">Government Pension Offset</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/retirement-earnings-test.html">Retirement Earnings Test</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/scheduled-payable.html">Scheduled <abbr title="versus">vs.</abbr> Payable Benefits</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/special-minimum.html">Special Minimum Benefit</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/poverty-decline.html">Why Will Poverty Decline for Beneficiaries?</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/windfall-elimination-provision.html">Windfall Elimination Provision</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="noClick menu1a" id="PM"><a href="#" tabindex="-1">Projections</a></li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu2a" id="PFS"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Fact sheets</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/populations/divorced-spousal-2050.html">By beneficiary type</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/populations/beneficiaries-60-or-older.html">By demographic group</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu2a" id="PPO"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Tables</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/policy-options/index.html">Policy options/proposals</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/tables/beneficiaries.html">Profile of beneficiaries by race & ethnicity</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/tables/taxpayers.html">Profile of taxpayers by race & ethnicity</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav></div>
|
|
<div class="column-9">
|
|
<div id="docTitle">
|
|
<h3>International Update, June 2020</h3>
|
|
<div class="releaseDate">(released June 2020)</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sidebar">
|
|
<img src="cover.jpg" alt="International Update cover" class="cover" />
|
|
<h4 class="sidebar-gray">Contact</h4>
|
|
<p><a href="mailto:research@ssa.gov?subject=International%20Update">research@ssa.gov</a></p>
|
|
<h4 class="sidebar-gray">Next Expected Update</h4>
|
|
<p id="js-exp"></p>
|
|
<p><a class="mailIcon" href="/policy/notify/index.html">Subscribe to Updates</a></p>
|
|
<p><a class="calendarIcon" href="/policy/pub_schedule.html">Publishing Schedule</a></p>
|
|
<div id="js-ed"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="order5">
|
|
<div class="container-red downloadBox">
|
|
<p><a href="/policy/docs/progdesc/intl_update/2020-06/2020-06.pdf" title="Download entire publication as PDF">Download entire publication</a> <span class="eightypercent">(0.3 MB)</span></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h4 id="toc">In This Issue</h4>
|
|
<ul class="IUtoc">
|
|
<li><a href="#asia">Asia and the Pacific</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#japan">Japan Approves Social Security Reform Package</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#americas">The Americas</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#bermuda">Bermuda Introduces <span class="nobr">Lump-Sum</span> Withdrawal Options for Certain Occupational Pension Plans</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#chile">Chile Introduces Special Cash Transfer Program for Vulnerable Households During Pandemic</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h4 id="asia">Asia and the Pacific</h4>
|
|
<h5 id="japan">Japan Approves Social Security Reform Package</h5>
|
|
<p>On May 29, Japan's parliament approved a social security reform package that will increase the maximum deferral age for <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pensions under the National Pension (<abbr class="spell">NP</abbr>) program, modify the earnings test under the Employee Pension Insurance (<abbr class="spell">EPI</abbr>) program, and expand <abbr class="spell">EPI</abbr> coverage. (It is unclear if the new maximum deferral age also applies to the <abbr class="spell">EPI</abbr> program.) The changes, which are expected to be implemented in 2021, are part of a government strategy to curb rising pension expenditures and prevent a future labor shortage due to population aging. Nearly 9 million of Japan's workers (about 13 percent of the labor force) are currently aged 65 or older. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Japan's <span class="nobr">old-age</span> dependency ratio (the population aged 65 or older divided by the population aged 15 to 64) is the world's highest at around 50 percent and is forecast to exceed 80 percent by 2050.</p>
|
|
<p>The main provisions of the new reform package will:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><i>Increase the maximum age for deferring pension benefits:</i> The maximum age for deferring <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pensions will increase from the current age 70 (5 years above the normal retirement age of 65) to age 75 (10 years above the normal retirement age). For each month of deferral, pensions are increased by 0.7 percent; as a result, pensions may be increased by up to 84 percent (for those retiring at age 75), compared with 42 percent (for those retiring at age 70) before the reform. (As before, early retirement for a reduced pension is possible starting at age 60.)</li>
|
|
<li><i>Modify the <abbr class="spell">EPI</abbr> earnings test:</i> The earnings test that applies to <abbr class="spell">EPI</abbr> pensioners aged 60 to 64 who continue to work will be changed in 2022. Under current rules, <abbr class="spell">EPI</abbr> pensions are reduced if a pensioner's monthly combined earnings and pension income exceed 280,000 yen (<abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$2,599.15) if aged 60 to 64 or 470,000 yen (<abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$4,362.86) if aged 65 or older. Under the amended rules, the monthly income threshold for pensioners aged 60 to 64 will rise to 470,000 yen (matching the threshold for those aged 65 or older).</li>
|
|
<li><i>Expand <abbr class="spell">EPI</abbr> coverage to more <span class="nobr">part-time</span> employees:</i> <abbr class="spell">EPI</abbr> coverage for <span class="nobr">part-time</span> employees who work at least 20 hours a week will be expanded in two phases: first to <span class="nobr">part-time</span> employees at firms with more than 100 employees in October 2022, and then to those at firms with more than 50 employees in October 2024. The change could add as many as 650,000 members to the <abbr class="spell">EPI</abbr> program. Currently, the <abbr class="spell">EPI</abbr> program covers <span class="nobr">part-time</span> employees at private-sector firms with more than 500 employees and <span class="nobr">full-time</span> employees at firms with 5 or more employees. <span class="nobr">(Part-time</span> workers at companies with 50 employees or less are not covered by the reform legislation.)</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>Japan's <span class="nobr">pay-as-you-go</span> public pension system comprises the <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> <abbr class="spell">NP</abbr> program and the earnings-related <abbr class="spell">EPI</abbr> program, supplemented by a means-tested program for low-income pension recipients (available as of October 1, 2019). <abbr class="spell">NP</abbr> covers all residents of Japan aged 20 to 59 and <abbr class="spell">EPI</abbr> covers employed persons younger than age 70 in covered firms. (For both programs, voluntary coverage is possible under certain conditions.)</p>
|
|
<div class="reference"><b>Sources:</b> <a href="/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2018-2019/asia/index.html"><i>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2018</i></a>, <abbr>U.S.</abbr> Social Security Administration, March 2019; “Labour Force Survey,” Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, January 31, 2020; “Japan to Amend Laws to Help Elderly Work Until 70,” <i>The Japan Times</i>, February 4, 2020; “<a href="/policy/docs/progdesc/intl_update/2020-03/index.html#japan">Japan Approves Plan to Expand Pension Coverage to <span class="nobr">Part-Time</span> Employees in Smaller Companies</a>,” <i>International Update</i>, <abbr>U.S.</abbr> Social Security Administration, March 2020; “Japan Adopts Pension System Reform Plan,” <i>The Japan Times</i>, March 3, 2020; “Japan's Lower House Passes Bill Allowing Delayed Pension Payout,” <i>The Mainichi</i>, May 12, 2020; “Japanese Seniors Nudged to Stay at Work,” <i>China Daily</i>, May 14, 2020; “Japan Raises Maximum Age for Starting Pension Benefits to 75,” Nikkei Asian Review, May 29, 2020.</div>
|
|
<h4 id="americas">The Americas</h4>
|
|
<h5 id="bermuda">Bermuda Introduces <span class="nobr">Lump-Sum</span> Withdrawal Options for Certain Occupational Pension Plans</h5>
|
|
<p>On June 1, Bermuda's government implemented two amendments to the National Pension Scheme (Occupational Pensions) Act 1998 that allow members of defined contribution occupational pension plans to withdraw a portion of their account balances as lump sums. (The amendments also cover local retirement products; no details are available on these products.) Under one amendment, members younger than age 65 (the normal retirement age) who are not yet retired may request <span class="nobr">one-time</span> withdrawals of up to B$12,000 (<abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$12,000) from their account balances. The deadline for requests is June 30, 2021, and pension plan administrators must process the withdrawals within 20 business days after approving a request. Under the other amendment, members aged 65 or older who are retired may request <span class="nobr">one-time</span> withdrawals of up to 25 percent of their account balances. (Previously, retirement benefits were only paid as monthly pensions based on the insured's average earnings or the amount of the insured's accumulated capital, depending on the pension plan's specific rules.) The new withdrawal option for members younger than the normal retirement age is part of an economic relief package to assist persons negatively affected by the <span class="nobr"><abbr>COVID</abbr>-19</span> pandemic, while the amendment for those who have reached the normal retirement age was approved (without an implementation date) in December 2019.</p>
|
|
<p>Bermuda's pension system consists of: (1) a social insurance program for employed and self-employed persons aged 18 or older working more than 4 hours a week, and temporary residents gainfully employed for more than 26 consecutive weeks; (2) the mandatory occupational pension program for private-sector employees aged 23 or older who have worked 720 hours or more for their current employer in any calendar year, and self-employed persons aged 23 or older with annual earnings greater than B$20,000 (<abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$20,000); and (3) a social assistance program that includes an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> social pension (for Bermudian workers) and a disability social pension (for all Bermuda residents). The social insurance program is financed through <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> contributions by employees and employers of B$35.92 (<abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$35.92) a week each (none for employees aged 65 or older); the mandatory occupational pension is financed through employee and employer contributions of 5 percent of gross covered earnings/payroll; and the social assistance program is financed through general revenues.</p>
|
|
<div class="reference"><b>Sources:</b> National Pension Scheme (Occupational Pensions) Amendment Act 2019 Commencement Notice 2020; National Pension Scheme (Occupational Pensions) Amendment Act 2020; “<a href="/policy/docs/progdesc/intl_update/2020-02/index.html#bermuda">Bermuda Approves Amendments to Mandatory Occupational Pension Program</a>,” <i>International Update</i>, <abbr>U.S.</abbr> Social Security Administration, February 2020; <a href="/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2018-2019/americas/index.html"><i>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2019</i></a>, <abbr>U.S.</abbr> Social Security Administration, March 2020; “Bermuda Amends National Pension Scheme–Update #3,” Conyers, May 2020; “Further Amendments to Bermuda's Pension Scheme,” Carey Olsen, May 27, 2020.</div>
|
|
<h5 id="chile">Chile Introduces Special Cash Transfer Program for Vulnerable Households During Pandemic</h5>
|
|
<p>On May 20, Chile began implementing a special cash transfer program called Emergency Family Income (Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia, or <abbr class="spell">IFE</abbr>) for the country's most socioeconomically vulnerable households, including those with at least one member aged 70 or older receiving an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> solidarity pension (Pensión Básica Solidaria de Vejez). Under the program, the government will make up to three monthly payments to each qualifying household, depending on the household's assessed level of vulnerability and existing sources of income. Chile's government enacted the program on May 16 as part of its ongoing response to the <span class="nobr"><abbr>COVID</abbr>-19</span> pandemic. The government estimates that around 1.9 million households (or about 4.9 million persons) will receive financial support from the <abbr class="spell">IFE</abbr> program at a total cost of at least 666 billion pesos (<abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$830 million).</p>
|
|
<p>The key features of the <abbr class="spell">IFE</abbr> program include:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><i>Full benefit qualifying conditions:</i> Households can qualify in one of two ways for 2 or 3 months of full <abbr class="spell">IFE</abbr> benefits. Under the first way, a household must (1) be among Chile's <span class="nobr">90-percent</span> most vulnerable households based on the Social Registry of Households (Registro Social de Hogares, or <abbr class="spell">RSH</abbr>), (2) be among the <span class="nobr">60-percent</span> most vulnerable households based on the Emergency Socioeconomic Indicator (Indicador Socioeconómico de Emergencia, or <abbr class="spell">ISE</abbr>), and (3) have no income from formal sources, such as employment contracts, service fees, or social security benefits. (The <abbr class="spell">RSH</abbr> is an information system that collects social and economic data on households in Chile and is used to target many government benefits. The <abbr class="spell">ISE</abbr> is a new government indicator used to measure the socioeconomic vulnerability of households during the <span class="nobr"><abbr>COVID</abbr>-19</span> pandemic.) Under the second way, a household must (1) be among the <span class="nobr">80-percent</span> most vulnerable households based on the <abbr class="spell">RSH</abbr> and (2) have at least one member aged 70 or older receiving an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> solidarity pension. Households that qualify through the first way are entitled to all 3 months of <abbr class="spell">IFE</abbr> benefits, while those that qualify through the second way are entitled to only the second and third months of benefits.</li>
|
|
<li><i>Partial benefit qualifying conditions:</i> A household can qualify for 3 months of reduced <abbr class="spell">IFE</abbr> benefits if it (1) is among Chile's <span class="nobr">90-percent</span> most vulnerable households based on the <abbr class="spell">RSH</abbr>, (2) is among the <span class="nobr">40-percent</span> most vulnerable households based on the <abbr class="spell">ISE</abbr>, and (3) has income from formal sources below a certain limit based on the household's size.</li>
|
|
<li><i>Benefit amount:</i> The <abbr class="spell">IFE</abbr> base benefit amount varies depending on a household's size, ranging from 65,000 pesos (<abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$80.98) for a one-person household to 494,000 pesos (<abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$615.46) for a household with 10 or more persons. This base amount is then adjusted depending on the payment month: 100 percent of the amount is paid in the first month, 85 percent in the second month, and 70 percent in the third month. Households entitled to full benefits receive 100 percent of the adjusted monthly amount, while those entitled to partial benefits receive 50 percent.</li>
|
|
<li><i>Payment schedule:</i> The government started paying the first month of <abbr class="spell">IFE</abbr> benefits on May 23 to households that were automatically enrolled in the program and on June 10 to households that had to apply for enrollment. The second and third payments will be paid to households 30 and 60 days, respectively, after they receive their first payments.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>Chile's <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension system consists of a mandatory individual account program, a legacy social insurance program, and several noncontributory programs. Employees who have entered the labor force since 1983 are required to participate in the individual account program and contribute 10 percent of their monthly covered earnings (plus an administrative fee) to their accounts. The normal retirement age for the individual account and social insurance pensions is 65 for men and 60 for women; for two social assistance pensions, the normal retirement age is 65 for both men and women.</p>
|
|
<div class="reference"><b>Sources:</b> “Preguntas Frecuentes,” Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia; Ley N° 20.255, 2020; <a href="/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2018-2019/americas/index.html"><i>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2019</i></a>, <abbr>U.S.</abbr> Social Security Administration, March 2020; “Ingresa tu <abbr class="spell">RUT</abbr>: Las nuevas fechas de pago del Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia,” 24 Horas, May 23, 2020; “Pdte. Piñera anunció inicio del pago de Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia: Beneficiaría al 60% más vulnerable del país,” <abbr class="spell">CNN</abbr> Chile, May 23, 2020; “Presidente Piñera da inicio a pago de Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia,” Prensda Presidente, May 23, 2020; “Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia (<abbr class="spell">IFE</abbr>),” Chile Atiende, May 26, 2020; “Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia,” Ministry General Secretariat of Government, June 10, 2020.</div>
|
|
<div class="container-blue aboutIU">
|
|
<p>For more information about social security programs in these and other countries, please see <a href="/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/index.html"><i>Social Security Programs Throughout the World</i></a>.</p>
|
|
<p><b><i>International Update</i></b> is a monthly publication of the Social Security Administration's (<abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr>'s) Office of Retirement and Disability Policy. It reports on the latest developments in public and private pensions worldwide. The news summaries presented do not necessarily reflect the views of <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr>.</p>
|
|
<p>Editor: John Jankowski.<br />Writers/researchers: Ben Danforth, John Jankowski, and David Rajnes.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- END COLUMN, ROW, GRID, CONTENT -->
|
|
<ssa-footer class="print-hide"><noscript><footer class="footer" id="footer" role="contentinfo"><a href="/menu#footer">Footer menu</a></footer></noscript></ssa-footer><script src="https://www.ssa.gov/legacy/components/dist/ssa-footer.js"></script>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- END PAGE CONTAINER -->
|
|
<!-- SSA INTERNET BODY SCRIPTS -->
|
|
<script src="/framework/js/ssa.internet.body.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="/policy/js/rspa.nav.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="/policy/js/rspa-shared.js"></script>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |