151 lines
No EOL
25 KiB
HTML
151 lines
No EOL
25 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html>
|
|
<html class="no-js" lang="en">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
|
|
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
|
|
<title>Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 68, No. 3</title>
|
|
<meta name="dc.identifier" content="https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v68n3/index.html" />
|
|
<meta name="DCTERMS:contentOffice" content="ORDP:ORES" />
|
|
<meta name="DCTERMS:contentOwner" content="publications@ssa.gov" />
|
|
<meta name="DCTERMS:coderOffice" content="ORDP:ORES:OD" />
|
|
<meta name="DCTERMS:coder" content="op.webmaster@ssa.gov" />
|
|
<meta name="DCTERMS:dateCertified" content="2025-01-01" />
|
|
<meta name="description" content="Social Security Administration Research, Statistics, and Policy Analysis" />
|
|
<!-- STYLES & SCRIPTS -->
|
|
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.1.min.js" integrity="sha256-/JqT3SQfawRcv/BIHPThkBvs0OEvtFFmqPF/lYI/Cxo=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
|
|
<link href="/framework/css/phoenix.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" />
|
|
<link href="/policy/styles/nav.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" />
|
|
<link href="/policy/styles/nav-shared.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" />
|
|
<!-- SSA INTERNET HEAD SCRIPTS -->
|
|
<script src="/framework/js/ssa.internet.head.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
<script>(window.BOOMR_mq=window.BOOMR_mq||[]).push(["addVar",{"rua.upush":"false","rua.cpush":"false","rua.upre":"false","rua.cpre":"false","rua.uprl":"false","rua.cprl":"false","rua.cprf":"false","rua.trans":"SJ-3a3bb884-f513-47e3-a86c-84bab05e21dc","rua.cook":"true","rua.ims":"false","rua.ufprl":"false","rua.cfprl":"false","rua.isuxp":"false","rua.texp":"norulematch","rua.ceh":"false","rua.ueh":"false","rua.ieh.st":"0"}]);</script>
|
|
<script>!function(e){var n="https://s.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/";if("False"=="True")e.BOOMR_config=e.BOOMR_config||{},e.BOOMR_config.PageParams=e.BOOMR_config.PageParams||{},e.BOOMR_config.PageParams.pci=!0,n="https://s2.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/";if(window.BOOMR_API_key="LERZW-HECFS-R8H4E-23UQ7-ERMQB",function(){function e(){if(!o){var e=document.createElement("script");e.id="boomr-scr-as",e.src=window.BOOMR.url,e.async=!0,i.parentNode.appendChild(e),o=!0}}function t(e){o=!0;var n,t,a,r,d=document,O=window;if(window.BOOMR.snippetMethod=e?"if":"i",t=function(e,n){var t=d.createElement("script");t.id=n||"boomr-if-as",t.src=window.BOOMR.url,BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),e=e||d.body,e.appendChild(t)},!window.addEventListener&&window.attachEvent&&navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE [67]\./))return window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="s",void t(i.parentNode,"boomr-async");a=document.createElement("IFRAME"),a.src="about:blank",a.title="",a.role="presentation",a.loading="eager",r=(a.frameElement||a).style,r.width=0,r.height=0,r.border=0,r.display="none",i.parentNode.appendChild(a);try{O=a.contentWindow,d=O.document.open()}catch(_){n=document.domain,a.src="javascript:var d=document.open();d.domain='"+n+"';void(0);",O=a.contentWindow,d=O.document.open()}if(n)d._boomrl=function(){this.domain=n,t()},d.write("<bo"+"dy onload='document._boomrl();'>");else if(O._boomrl=function(){t()},O.addEventListener)O.addEventListener("load",O._boomrl,!1);else if(O.attachEvent)O.attachEvent("onload",O._boomrl);d.close()}function a(e){window.BOOMR_onload=e&&e.timeStamp||(new Date).getTime()}if(!window.BOOMR||!window.BOOMR.version&&!window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted){window.BOOMR=window.BOOMR||{},window.BOOMR.snippetStart=(new Date).getTime(),window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted=!0,window.BOOMR.snippetVersion=12,window.BOOMR.url=n+"LERZW-HECFS-R8H4E-23UQ7-ERMQB";var i=document.currentScript||document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o=!1,r=document.createElement("link");if(r.relList&&"function"==typeof r.relList.supports&&r.relList.supports("preload")&&"as"in r)window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="p",r.href=window.BOOMR.url,r.rel="preload",r.as="script",r.addEventListener("load",e),r.addEventListener("error",function(){t(!0)}),setTimeout(function(){if(!o)t(!0)},3e3),BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),i.parentNode.appendChild(r);else t(!1);if(window.addEventListener)window.addEventListener("load",a,!1);else if(window.attachEvent)window.attachEvent("onload",a)}}(),"".length>0)if(e&&"performance"in e&&e.performance&&"function"==typeof e.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize)e.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize();!function(){if(BOOMR=e.BOOMR||{},BOOMR.plugins=BOOMR.plugins||{},!BOOMR.plugins.AK){var n="false"=="true"?1:0,t="cookiepresent",a="eyd7g6aaiaaamjqacqdfqaaaabt3mowl-f-7f7665e1d-clienttons-s.akamaihd.net",i="false"=="true"?2:1,o={"ak.v":"39","ak.cp":"1204614","ak.ai":parseInt("728289",10),"ak.ol":"0","ak.cr":3,"ak.ipv":6,"ak.proto":"h2","ak.rid":"955b979","ak.r":19138,"ak.a2":n,"ak.m":"dsca","ak.n":"essl","ak.bpcip":"2607:f378:40:6::","ak.cport":40604,"ak.gh":"23.60.168.61","ak.quicv":"","ak.tlsv":"tls1.3","ak.0rtt":"","ak.0rtt.ed":"","ak.csrc":"-","ak.acc":"","ak.t":"1739995851","ak.ak":"hOBiQwZUYzCg5VSAfCLimQ==mH89g2t3GooSTnfZPOSDmuJ/jUYzlTRWt3TMGuxbAK+e3p/lZnk3D7/cv9vY0TFXrFZGWHZoBogwkgvODe+yBh6jM3rq5Mnudt70PSUjrC2waZNYILa5um5TglZl9SYInc6NcNj53hzywrm2FcUmyvpoqkPifnU9d2kbx+3FZJ6Sx4y0LR26X48oyPK90fE/fZjXS+jh303pl4YRqgtEWe8SSFsvjCFN1Hq/ZtFc/wEGmRifYeouiOD2J9924TfodHZg8UvfzvuIK8a8QcnFy1yZUdVsWWR8X/uQV/dmDjxWFb64cKXwq7UBdfbge4BWK9vLRpC9DXxM2tv6eK/musZBosTyYttCAEtSeFS4xl2c5LCuOecq/0DyZMeC5fyFbEciQJ9Poqni+tCpggfpOvB+MbQr/k9ZhqvzNxEEb6Y=","ak.pv":"98","ak.dpoabenc":"","ak.tf":i};if(""!==t)o["ak.ruds"]=t;var r={i:!1,av:function(n){var t="http.initiator";if(n&&(!n[t]||"spa_hard"===n[t]))o["ak.feo"]=void 0!==e.aFeoApplied?1:0,BOOMR.addVar(o)},rv:function(){var e=["ak.bpcip","ak.cport","ak.cr","ak.csrc","ak.gh","ak.ipv","ak.m","ak.n","ak.ol","ak.proto","ak.quicv","ak.tlsv","ak.0rtt","ak.0rtt.ed","ak.r","ak.acc","ak.t","ak.tf"];BOOMR.removeVar(e)}};BOOMR.plugins.AK={akVars:o,akDNSPreFetchDomain:a,init:function(){if(!r.i){var e=BOOMR.subscribe;e("before_beacon",r.av,null,null),e("onbeacon",r.rv,null,null),r.i=!0}return this},is_complete:function(){return!0}}}}()}(window);</script></head>
|
|
<body class="RA">
|
|
<div id="page">
|
|
<div class="bg-dark-gray accessibility" id="accessibility"><a id="skip-navigation" href="#content">Skip to main content</a></div><ssa-header class="print-hide"><noscript><header class="banner-neo" id="banner" role="banner" style="background-color: #0b4778;"><div class="banner-wrapper"><h1 class="banner-logo"><a class="banner-logo__link" href="/">Social Security</a></h1><nav class="banner-nav" id="banner-nav"><a class="banner-nav__link banner-search" href="https://search.ssa.gov/search?affiliate=ssa" title="Search" target="_blank"><svg class="banner-nav__icon" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M 10 23 C 11.219 23 12.384 22.762 13.496 22.285 C 14.608 21.808 15.565 21.169 16.367 20.367 C 17.169 19.565 17.808 18.608 18.285 17.496 C 18.762 16.384 19 15.219 19 14 C 19 12.953 18.829 11.951 18.488 10.992 C 18.147 10.033 17.661 9.164 17.031 8.383 L 22.711 2.711 C 22.904 2.518 23 2.281 23 2 C 23 1.713 22.905 1.475 22.715 1.285 C 22.525 1.095 22.287 1 22 1 C 21.719 1 21.482 1.096 21.289 1.289 L 15.617 6.969 C 14.836 6.339 13.966 5.853 13.008 5.512 C 12.05 5.171 11.047 5 10 5 C 8.781 5 7.616 5.238 6.504 5.715 C 5.392 6.192 4.435 6.831 3.633 7.633 C 2.831 8.435 2.192 9.392 1.715 10.504 C 1.238 11.616 1 12.781 1 14 C 1 15.219 1.238 16.384 1.715 17.496 C 2.192 18.608 2.831 19.565 3.633 20.367 C 4.435 21.169 5.392 21.808 6.504 22.285 C 7.616 22.762 8.781 23 10 23 Z M 10 21 C 9.052 21 8.146 20.815 7.281 20.445 C 6.416 20.075 5.672 19.578 5.047 18.953 C 4.422 18.328 3.925 17.584 3.555 16.719 C 3.185 15.854 3 14.948 3 14 C 3 13.052 3.185 12.146 3.555 11.281 C 3.925 10.416 4.422 9.672 5.047 9.047 C 5.672 8.422 6.416 7.925 7.281 7.555 C 8.146 7.185 9.052 7 10 7 C 10.948 7 11.854 7.185 12.719 7.555 C 13.584 7.925 14.328 8.422 14.953 9.047 C 15.578 9.672 16.075 10.416 16.445 11.281 C 16.815 12.146 17 13.052 17 14 C 17 14.948 16.815 15.854 16.445 16.719 C 16.075 17.584 15.578 18.328 14.953 18.953 C 14.328 19.578 13.584 20.075 12.719 20.445 C 11.854 20.815 10.948 21 10 21 Z" transform="matrix(-1, 0, 0, -1, 24.000001, 24.000001)" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"></path></svg> <span>Search</span> </a><a class="banner-nav__link banner-menu" href="/menu" id="ssa-menu" title="Menu"><svg class="banner-nav__icon" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 5h18q.414 0 .707.293T22 6t-.293.707T21 7H3q-.414 0-.707-.293T2 6t.293-.707T3 5zm0 12h18q.414 0 .707.293T22 18t-.293.707T21 19H3q-.414 0-.707-.293T2 18t.293-.707T3 17zm0-6h18q.414 0 .707.293T22 12t-.293.707T21 13H3q-.414 0-.707-.293T2 12t.293-.707T3 11z" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"></path></svg> <span>Menu</span> </a><a class="banner-nav__link banner-languages" href="/es" id="ssa-languages" title="Español" hreflang="es"><svg class="banner-nav__icon" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 0C5.373 0 0 5.373 0 12s5.373 12 12 12c.812 0 1.604-.08 2.37-.235-.31-.147-.343-1.255-.037-1.887.34-.703 1.406-2.485.35-3.08-1.053-.6-.76-.868-1.405-1.56-.644-.692-.38-.796-.422-.974-.14-.61.62-1.523.656-1.616.035-.094.035-.446.023-.55-.012-.107-.48-.387-.597-.4-.117-.01-.176.188-.34.2-.164.012-.88-.433-1.03-.55-.154-.117-.224-.398-.435-.61-.21-.212-.235-.047-.562-.175-.327-.13-1.382-.516-2.19-.844-.81-.33-.88-.79-.892-1.114-.012-.325-.492-.797-.718-1.137-.225-.342-.267-.81-.348-.705-.082.106.422 1.336.34 1.37-.083.037-.26-.338-.493-.643-.235-.304.245-.14-.505-1.617-.75-1.476.235-2.23.282-3 .048-.77.633.28.328-.21-.304-.493.023-1.524-.21-1.9-.235-.374-1.57.423-1.57.423.034-.363 1.17-.985 1.99-1.56.82-.573 1.322-.128 1.982.083.66.21.703.142.48-.07-.222-.21.094-.316.61-.235.516.082.656.704 1.442.645.784-.06.08.152.186.35.105.2-.117.177-.633.53-.516.35.012.35.926 1.02.913.667.632-.447.538-.94-.094-.49.668-.105.668-.105.563.375.46.02.87.15.408.13 1.52 1.07 1.52 1.07-1.395.762-.516.844-.282 1.02.235.175-.48.515-.48.515-.294-.293-.34.012-.528.117-.187.105-.012.375-.012.375-.97.153-.75 1.173-.738 1.418.012.247-.62.622-.786.973-.164.35.423 1.113.117 1.16-.305.048-.61-1.148-2.25-.703-.495.134-1.593.703-1.008 1.863.585 1.16 1.558-.328 1.886-.164.33.163-.093.902-.023.913.07.012.927.033.974 1.032.048 1 1.3.914 1.57.938.27.023 1.173-.74 1.3-.774.13-.035.646-.47 1.77.175 1.126.644 1.7.55 2.086.82.387.27.117.81.48.985.365.176 1.818-.058 2.18.54.364.597-1.5 3.597-2.085 3.925-.586.328-.856 1.078-1.442 1.558-.69.563-1.418 1.076-2.18 1.535-.684.407-.807 1.137-1.112 1.367C19.984 22.52 24 17.73 24 12c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12zm2.813 11.262c-.165.047-.504.352-1.336-.14-.832-.494-1.406-.4-1.477-.48 0 0-.07-.2.293-.236.747-.072 1.688.692 1.9.704.21.012.315-.21.69-.09.375.12.094.195-.07.242zM10.887 1.196c-.082-.06.068-.128.157-.246.05-.07.013-.182.078-.246.175-.177 1.043-.423.874.058-.17.48-.98.527-1.11.434zm2.098 1.523c-.293-.013-.983-.086-.856-.212.494-.492-.188-.633-.61-.668-.423-.036-.598-.27-.388-.294.21-.024 1.055.013 1.196.13.14.117.902.422.95.644.047.223 0 .41-.293.4zm2.542-.083c-.234.188-1.413-.673-1.64-.867-.985-.844-1.513-.563-1.72-.703-.206-.142-.132-.33.184-.61.318-.282 1.21.094 1.724.152.516.058 1.113.457 1.125.93.01.474.562.91.327 1.097z" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"></path></svg> <span>Español</span> </a><a class="banner-nav__link banner-signin" href="https://secure.ssa.gov/RIL/SiView.action" id="ssa-signin" title="Sign in" target="_blank"><svg class="banner-nav__icon" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 17.016q-.797 0-1.406-.61t-.61-1.405.61-1.405 1.406-.61 1.406.61.61 1.406-.61 1.407-1.406.61zm6 3V9.986H6v10.03h12zm-6-17.11q-1.266 0-2.18.914T8.906 6H9v2.016h6.094V6q0-1.266-.914-2.18T12 2.906zm6 5.11q.797 0 1.406.586t.61 1.383v10.03q0 .798-.61 1.384T18 21.984H6q-.797 0-1.406-.586t-.61-1.384V9.986q0-.798.61-1.384T6 8.016h.984V6q0-2.063 1.477-3.54T12 .985t3.54 1.477T17.015 6v2.016H18z" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"></path></svg> <span>Sign in</span></a></nav></div></header></noscript></ssa-header><script src="https://www.ssa.gov/legacy/components/dist/ssa-header.js"></script>
|
|
<div id="title-bar"><h2>Research, Statistics & Policy Analysis</h2></div>
|
|
<div class="rMenuBtn show-phone" id="rMenuBtn">☰ Browse publications</div>
|
|
<div id="content" role="main">
|
|
<div class="grid">
|
|
<div class="breadRSPA" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList">You are here: <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Social Security Administration</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1" /></span> > <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/policy/index.html" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Research, Statistics & Policy Analysis</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2" /></span> > <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/policy/research.html" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Research & Analysis Archives</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="3" /></span> > <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/policy/research.html?type=Social%20Security%20Bulletin" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Social Security Bulletin</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="4" /></span> > <abbr title="Volume">Vol.</abbr> 68, <abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> 3</div>
|
|
<div class="row-12">
|
|
<div class="column-3 leftNav"><nav class="rMenu" id="rMenu" role="navigation" aria-label="Main Navigation">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li id="RSH"><a href="/policy/index.html">Research & Statistics Home</a></li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu1a" id="RA"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Research & Analysis</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/progdesc/intl_update/index.html">International Update</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/research.html?type=Issue%20Paper">Issue Papers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/research.html?type=ORES%20Working%20Paper"><abbr class="spell">ORES</abbr> Working Papers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/research.html?type=Policy%20Brief">Policy Briefs</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/research.html?type=Research%20and%20Statistics%20Note">Research & Statistics Notes</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/research.html?type=Research%20Summary">Research Summaries</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/index.html">Social Security Bulletin</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="menu2a"><a href="/policy/research.html" title="Research and Analysis Archives">Archives</a></li>
|
|
<li class="menu2a"><a href="/policy/author-index.html">Author index</a></li>
|
|
<li class="noClick menu1a" id="SDF"><a href="#" tabindex="-1">Statistics</a></li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu2a"> <a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Current editions</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/di_asr/index.html">Annual Statistical Report on the Social Security Disability Insurance Program</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/supplement/index.html">Annual Statistical Supplement</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/factsheets/cong_stats/index.html">Congressional Statistics</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/chartbooks/di-ssi-employment/index.html"><abbr class="spell">DI</abbr> & <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Program Participants: Characteristics & Employment</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/eedata_sc/index.html">Earnings & Employment Data..., by State & County</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/chartbooks/expenditures_aged/index.html">Expenditures of the Aged Chartbook</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/chartbooks/fast_facts/index.html">Fast Facts & Figures About Social Security</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/chartbooks/income_aged/index.html">Income of the Aged Chartbook</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/income_pop55/index.html">Income of the Population 55 or Older</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/nbs/index.html">National Beneficiary Survey: Disability Statistics</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/oasdi_sc/index.html"><abbr class="spell">OASDI</abbr> Beneficiaries by State & County</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/oasdi_zip/index.html"><abbr class="spell">OASDI</abbr> Beneficiaries by State & <abbr>ZIP</abbr> Code</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/ssi_asr/index.html"><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Annual Statistical Report</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/ssi_monthly/index.html"><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Monthly Statistics</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/statcomps/ssi_sc/index.html"><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Recipients by State & County</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/statistics.html?type=Statistics%20at%20a%20Glance">Statistics At a Glance</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="menu2b"> <a href="/policy/statistics.html" title="Statistics Archives">Archives</a></li>
|
|
<li class="menu1b" id="PUDF"><a href="/policy/docs/data/index.html">Public-Use Data Files</a></li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu1b" id="POP"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Population Profiles</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/child-beneficiaries.html">Child Beneficiaries</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/child-beneficiary-families.html">Child Beneficiary Families</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/fully-insured-workers.html">Fully Insured Workers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/marital-status-poverty.html">Marital Status & Poverty</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/middle-class-beneficiaries.html">Middle Class Beneficiaries</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/never-beneficiaries.html">Never Beneficiaries</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/tax-max-earners.html">Taxable Maximum Earners</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/population-profiles/veteran-beneficiaries.html">Veteran Beneficiaries</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu1b" id="PE"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Program Explainers</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/benefit-claiming-age.html">Benefit Claiming Age</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/government-pension-offset.html">Government Pension Offset</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/retirement-earnings-test.html">Retirement Earnings Test</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/scheduled-payable.html">Scheduled <abbr title="versus">vs.</abbr> Payable Benefits</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/special-minimum.html">Special Minimum Benefit</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/poverty-decline.html">Why Will Poverty Decline for Beneficiaries?</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/program-explainers/windfall-elimination-provision.html">Windfall Elimination Provision</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="noClick menu1a" id="PM"><a href="#" tabindex="-1">Projections</a></li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu2a" id="PFS"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Fact sheets</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/populations/divorced-spousal-2050.html">By beneficiary type</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/populations/beneficiaries-60-or-older.html">By demographic group</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="hasFly menu2a" id="PPO"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Tables</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/policy-options/index.html">Policy options/proposals</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/tables/beneficiaries.html">Profile of beneficiaries by race & ethnicity</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/policy/docs/projections/tables/taxpayers.html">Profile of taxpayers by race & ethnicity</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav></div>
|
|
<div class="column-6"> <div id="docTitle">
|
|
<h3>Social Security Bulletin, <abbr title="Volume">Vol.</abbr> 68, <abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> 3</h3>
|
|
<div class="releaseDate">(released December 2008)</div></div> <div class="container-red downloadBox"><p><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v68n3/ssb-v68n3.pdf" title="Download entire publication as PDF">Download entire publication</a></p></div> <div class="ssbArticle">
|
|
<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v68n3/v68n3p1.html">The Effects of Wage Indexing on Social Security Disability Benefits</a></div>
|
|
<div class="authors">by L. Scott Muller</div>
|
|
<p>Researchers David Autor and Mark Duggan have hypothesized that the Social Security benefit formula using the average wage index, coupled with a widening distribution of income, has created an implicit rise in replacement rates for low-earner disability beneficiaries. This research attempts to confirm and quantify the replacement rate creep identified by Autor and Duggan using actual earnings histories of disability-insured workers over the period <span class="nobr">1979–2004</span>. The research finds that disability replacement rates are rising for many insured workers, although the effect may be somewhat smaller than that suggested by Autor and Duggan.</p>
|
|
</div><div class="ssbArticle">
|
|
<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v68n3/v68n3p45.html">Cohort Differences in Wealth and Pension Participation of Near-Retirees</a></div>
|
|
<div class="authors">by Irena Dushi and Howard M. Iams</div>
|
|
<p>This article examines pension participation and nonpension net worth of two cohorts of near retirees. Particularly, the authors look at people born in 1933 through 1939 who were ages <span class="nobr">55–61</span> in 1994, and the more recent cohort consisting of people of the same age in 2004 who were born in 1943 through 1949. Data are from the Health and Retirement Study, a longitudinal, nationally representative survey of older Americans.</p>
|
|
</div><div class="ssbArticle">
|
|
<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v68n3/v68n3p67.html">Robert M. Ball: A Life Dedicated to Social Security</a></div>
|
|
<div class="authors">by Carolyn Puckett</div>
|
|
<p>With the death of Robert Myers Ball at age 93 on January 29, 2008, the Social Security program lost one of its most committed supporters. In 2001, Ball's biographer, historian Edward D. Berkowitz, described Ball as "the major non-Congressional player in the history of Social Security in the period between 1950 and the present."</p>
|
|
</div><div class="ssbArticle">
|
|
<div><a href="/policy/docs/ssb/v68n3/v68n3p79.html">Remembering Mollie Orshansky—The Developer of the Poverty Thresholds</a></div>
|
|
<div class="authors">by Gordon M. Fisher</div>
|
|
<p>In a federal government career that lasted more than four decades, Mollie Orshansky worked for the Children's Bureau, the Department of Agriculture, the Social Security Administration, and other agencies. While working at the Social Security Administration during the 1960s, she developed the poverty thresholds that became the federal government's official statistical measure of poverty; her thresholds remain a major feature of the architecture of American social policy and are widely known internationally.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="column-3"><div class="sidebar">
|
|
<img src="cover.jpg" alt="issue cover" class="cover" />
|
|
<p class="ninetypercent"><abbr class="spell">ISSN</abbr>: 1937-4666</p>
|
|
<h4 class="sidebar-gray">Contact</h4><p><a href="mailto:ssb@ssa.gov">ssb@ssa.gov</a></p>
|
|
<h4 class="sidebar-gray">Next Expected Update</h4><p id="js-exp"></p>
|
|
<p><a class="mailIcon" href="/policy/notify/index.html">Subscribe to Updates</a></p>
|
|
<p><a class="calendarIcon" href="/policy/pub_schedule.html">Publishing Schedule</a></p>
|
|
<div id="otherIssues"></div>
|
|
<div id="otherDates"></div>
|
|
<a href="/policy/research.html?type=Social%20Security%20Bulletin">Listing of all issues</a>
|
|
<div class="container-blue"><p>The <i>Bulletin</i> welcomes submissions from outside researchers and analysts for its <a href="/policy/docs/ssb/perspectives.html">Perspectives section</a>.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div></div></div></div><!-- END COLUMN, ROW, GRID, CONTENT -->
|
|
<ssa-footer class="print-hide"><noscript><footer class="footer" id="footer" role="contentinfo"><a href="/menu#footer">Footer menu</a></footer></noscript></ssa-footer><script src="https://www.ssa.gov/legacy/components/dist/ssa-footer.js"></script>
|
|
</div><!-- END PAGE CONTAINER -->
|
|
<!-- SSA INTERNET BODY SCRIPTS -->
|
|
<script src="/framework/js/ssa.internet.body.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="/policy/js/rspa.nav.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="/policy/js/rspa-shared.js"></script>
|
|
</body></html> |