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<h1 itemprop="headline">A Profile of Children with Disabilities Receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>: Highlights from the National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families</h1>
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<div id="hByline">by <span itemprop="author">Kalman Rupp, Paul S. Davies, Chad Newcomb, Howard Iams, Carrie Becker, Shanti Mulpuru, Stephen Ressler, Kathleen Romig, and Baylor Miller</span><br>Social Security Bulletin, <abbr title="Volume">Vol.</abbr> 66, <abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> 2, 2005/2006 (released May 2006)</div>
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<p>The authors were all with the Division of Policy Evaluation, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Office of Policy, Social Security Administration at the time the article was written.</p>
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<p><i>Acknowledgments:</i> The authors are grateful to Susan Wilschke for her thorough review of previous drafts of the article and to Richard Balkus, Edward DeMarco, Susan Grad, John Kearney, and Paul Van de Water for helpful comments and suggestions. We also acknowledge the contributions of Ginny McCaskey at an earlier stage of this project.</p>
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<p>Contents of this publication are <a href="/policy/accessibility.html">not copyrighted</a>; any items may be reprinted, but citation of the <i>Social Security Bulletin</i> as the source is requested. The findings and conclusions presented in the <i>Bulletin</i> are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Social Security Administration.</p>
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<h2>Summary</h2>
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<p itemprop="description">This article provides a nationally representative profile of noninstitutionalized children 0 to 17 years of age who were receiving support from the Supplemental Security Income (<abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>) program because of a disability. To assess the role of the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> program in providing assistance to low-income children with disabilities and their families, it is important to obtain detailed information on demographic characteristics, income and assets, health and disabilities, and health care utilization. Yet administrative records of the Social Security Administration do not contain many of the relevant data items, and the records provide only an incomplete picture of the family relationships affecting the lives of children with disabilities. The National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families fills this gap. This summary article is based on survey interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002 and provides some highlights characterizing children with disabilities who were receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> and their families.</p>
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<p>Most children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> (hereafter referred to as "<abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children") lived in a family headed by a single mother, and less than one in three lived with both parents. A very high proportion, about half, were living in a household with at least one other individual reported to have had a disability. About 70 percent of children received some kind of special education.</p>
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<p><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> support was the most important source of family income, with earnings a close second. On average, <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> payments accounted for nearly half of the income for the children's families, and earnings accounted for almost 40 percent. When all sources of family income were considered, slightly more than half (54 percent) of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children lived in families above the poverty threshold, a notable fact given that the federal <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> program guarantees only a subpoverty level of income. However, beyond these averages there was substantial variation, with some children living in families with income well below the poverty threshold and others having income well over 200 percent of the poverty threshold. About one-third of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children lived in families owning a home, two-thirds lived with parents or guardians with at least one car, and about 40 percent lived with parents or guardians with zero liquid assets. Less than 4 percent lived with adults who owned stocks, mutual funds, notes, certificates of deposit, or savings bonds.</p>
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<p>The Social Security Administration's administrative records contain only a limited amount of information about disability diagnoses. The National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families supplements those records with data from an array of questions on functional limitations, self-reported health, and the perceived severity of disabilities. The data suggest that a great degree of variation in severity exists within the childhood caseload, as reflected in reports of the presence or absence of six functional limitations, perceived overall health status, and perceived impact of disability on the child's ability to do things. Overall, 36 percent of the children were reported to have had disabilities that affected their abilities to do things "a great deal," and for 21 percent their difficulties had very little or no impact. Physical disabilities were most common among children aged 0 to 5, and mental disabilities dominated the picture for the other two age groups: 6 to 12 and 13 to 17.</p>
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<p>Virtually all <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children are covered by some form of health insurance, with Medicaid being by far the most common source of health insurance coverage. Just as in the case of the severity of disabilities, substantial variation was reported in health care utilization among <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children. Almost 30 percent of children had two or fewer doctor visits during the 12 months preceding the interview, and close to 50 percent had five or more doctor visits. About four-fifths of the children had no reported hospitalizations or surgeries during the previous year. More than 40 percent of the children visited an emergency room during the previous year, most of them more than once. Importantly, no out-of-pocket costs associated with medical care were reported for more than two-thirds of the children, and only about 3 percent had annual expenses exceeding $1,000 for physical and mental health care. This finding suggests that <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> payments are not used to cover medical expenses for the overwhelming majority of children.</p>
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<p>The use of supportive therapies varied widely among <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children: more than half reported having used physical, occupational, or speech therapy; only 8 percent used respite care for the parents or other family members. An analysis of the perception of the survey respondents shows that more than one-third of children had unmet needs for mental health counseling services, and about three-quarters of families had unmet needs for respite care. In several service categories, the proportion perceived to have had unmet service needs was around 10 percent or less. In the dominant service category of physical, occupational, and speech therapy, only 11 percent perceived to have had unmet service needs.</p>
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<h2>Introduction</h2>
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<p>The National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>) is a nationally representative survey of children (aged 17 and under) and young adults (aged 18 to 23) receiving Supplemental Security Income (<abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>) on the basis of a disability at the end of 2000 or who previously received or applied for <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> payments and are not currently institutionalized.<sup><a href="#mn1" id="mt1">1</a></sup> It is the first survey of its kind since 1978, when the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> program was still in its infancy. The survey was designed to meet the needs of policymakers by providing comprehensive information on the characteristics of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children and young adults, as well as providing information on their living arrangements and their families. A useful feature of the survey is that it provides a statistically representative cross section of the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> caseload of children and young adults. Combined with administrative records data of the Social Security Administration (<abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr>), the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> provides longitudinal data that allow for tracking the program participation patterns of a representative sample of children and young adults who were receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> support at the time of the survey (between July 2001 and June 2002), as well as a representative sample of children and young adults who were receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> when the 1996 welfare reform legislation was passed (Public Law <span class="nobr">104-193</span>).</p>
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<p>Interviews were conducted by telephone or through in-person visits with individuals who could not complete the survey by telephone or who could not be contacted by telephone (for example, households without a telephone).<sup><a href="#mn2" id="mt2">2</a></sup></p>
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<p>Most of the information from this survey is not available elsewhere. The survey is intended to comprehensively assess the needs of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children and young adults, which in turn can help policymakers design policies for successful transition from dependence on support from the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> program into continuing education or the world of productive employment. The focus of these interviews was the disabled child or young adult, but the information was provided by the parent or guardian, especially for children and cognitively impaired young adults. The interviews cover a wide array of the characteristics of the reference child or young adult, such as the nature of the disabling condition, educational attainment, and the utilization of health care and supportive services. In addition, the interviews provide information on demographics and the economic circumstances of the family. They also provide important information about the parents, such as educational attainment, employment, and the provision of care for the reference child or young adult.</p>
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<p>Survey and <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> administrative records data each have strengths and weaknesses. For example, administrative records data on the receipt and amount of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> payments are superior to self-reported information, especially at the individual level (Huynh, Rupp, and Sears 2002). In contrast, survey data are often a superior source of information on variables concerning the family and household that are key to policy proposals to simplify the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> program. Because these variables are not central to the administration of the status quo <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> program, administrative records data do not provide a complete picture of family relationships (Koenig and Rupp 2003/2004). Often the combination of survey and administrative records data is superior to relying on either alone. The <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> was therefore designed to provide data that may usefully supplement existing administrative records as sources of information on children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> payments.</p>
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<p>Survey and administrative data are subject to potential measurement error. When comparing survey and administrative records data, it is sometimes reasonable to assume either one or the other to be a superior source (as in the examples cited above), but often the interpretation of differences is less straightforward. For example, administrative records data on disability diagnosis are affected by the practice of commonly coding the disability that is easier to document, even if some other condition is more severe in some respects. In contrast, survey measurement in this area is fundamentally affected by the respondent's perceptions, especially when it comes to conditions that are associated with social stigma, such as mental illness. Many instances of discrepancies do not imply that either one or the other source is flawed. For example, survey reports of the severity of disabilities may reflect subjective perceptions of the survey respondent and more detailed and accurate private knowledge of the reference child when compared with objective third-party reports by professionals (physicians, therapists) captured in administrative program data. However, administrative data are also affected by "moral hazard" in reporting by the applicant, while survey reports are less affected by it, if at all.<sup><a href="#mn3" id="mt3">3</a></sup></p>
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<p>In some cases survey responses may reflect measurement error arising from factors such as misunderstood or ambiguous survey questions, recall error, or interviewer error. Unfortunately, in many cases it is not immediately obvious whether a seemingly erroneous response reflects survey error or some other factor. For example, reporting a <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> benefit in a given month that is higher than the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> federal benefit rate may simply reflect accurate reporting of the receipt of a lump-sum retroactive benefit payment. Likewise, a survey report that the child is not disabled may reflect highly subjective perceptions, but it is also possible that the child is no longer disabled or that the initial disability determination was in error because of procedural mistakes.</p>
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<p>Given these complexities, we caution the reader to not overinterpret seemingly erroneous results from the survey either as evidence of poor survey quality or as indicative of a major problem with administrative records, the administration of the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> program, or both. The magnitude of discrepant responses is also very relevant. If they involve a small percentage of cases, it is usually very difficult to come to a firm conclusion. If the discrepancies amount to large percentage differences, detailed assessment of the possible sources of the discrepancy would be warranted.</p>
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<p>In this article the survey data are presented as they were recorded, and no attempt has been made to impose arbitrary edits to force consistency with data from administrative records or program rules. Ultimately, it is the responsibility of the research analyst to make an informed judgment about the magnitude and nature of potential errors.</p>
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<p>This summary article focuses on an important subset of the survey universe, providing a statistically representative profile of noninstitutionalized disabled children aged 0 to 17 who received <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> payments (hereafter referred to as "<abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children") in December 2000.<sup><a href="#mn4" id="mt4">4</a>,<a href="#mn5" id="mt5">5</a></sup> The topics highlighted in this summary article include</p>
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<ul>
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<li>demographic characteristics,</li>
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<li>income and assets,</li>
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<li>health and disabilities, and</li>
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<li>health care utilization.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>This summary article provides only key highlights. The survey was designed to provide a rich array of information to facilitate a series of in-depth studies by analysts at <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr>, as well as by academic and private-sector researchers and policy analysts.</p>
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<h2>Demographic Characteristics</h2>
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<p>Administrative records maintained by <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> provide very reliable data on certain demographic characteristics like age and sex.<sup><a href="#mn6" id="mt6">6</a></sup> The age and sex distribution of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children in the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> correspond very closely with <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> administrative records (Table 1).<sup><a href="#mn7" id="mt7">7</a></sup> Other characteristics such as race, ethnicity, education, and household composition are unavailable or incomplete in the administrative records. We focus on those characteristics below.</p>
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<div class="table" id="table1">
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<table>
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<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table 1. </span>Demographic characteristics of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> and their families, by age of child</caption>
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<colgroup span="1" style="width:18em"></colgroup>
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<colgroup span="8" style="width:6em"></colgroup>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th class="stubHeading" rowspan="2" id="c1">Characteristic</th>
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<th class="spanner" colspan="2" id="c2">All ages</th>
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<th class="spanner" colspan="3" id="c3">Number,<br>by age group</th>
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<th class="spanner" colspan="3" id="c4">Percentage distribution,<br>by age group</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th id="c5" headers="c2">Number</th>
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<th id="c6" headers="c2">Percentage<br>distribution</th>
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<th id="c7" headers="c3" class="nobr">0–5</th>
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<th id="c8" headers="c3" class="nobr">6–12</th>
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<th id="c9" headers="c3" class="nobr">13–17</th>
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<th id="c10" headers="c4" class="nobr">0–5</th>
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<th id="c11" headers="c4" class="nobr">6–12</th>
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<th id="c12" headers="c4" class="nobr">13–17</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th class="stub3" id="r1" headers="c1">Total</th>
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<td headers="r1 c2 c5">791,954</td>
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<td headers="r1 c2 c6">100.0</td>
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<td headers="r1 c3 c7">154,492</td>
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<td headers="r1 c3 c8">357,538</td>
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<td headers="r1 c3 c9">279,924</td>
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<td headers="r1 c4 c10">100.0</td>
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<td headers="r1 c4 c11">100.0</td>
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<td headers="r1 c4 c12">100.0</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td>
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<th class="panel" colspan="8" id="r2">Sex, race, and ethnicity</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r3" headers="r2 c1">Sex</th>
|
|
<td colspan="8"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r4" headers="r2 r3 c1">Male</th>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r4 c2 c5">506,117</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r4 c2 c6">63.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r4 c3 c7">91,419</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r4 c3 c8">236,071</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r4 c3 c9">178,628</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r4 c4 c10">59.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r4 c4 c11">66.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r4 c4 c12">63.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r5" headers="r2 r3 c1">Female</th>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r5 c2 c5">285,838</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r5 c2 c6">36.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r5 c3 c7">63,073</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r5 c3 c8">121,468</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r5 c3 c9">101,297</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r5 c4 c10">40.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r5 c4 c11">34.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r3 r5 c4 c12">36.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r6" headers="r2 c1">Race</th>
|
|
<td colspan="8"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r7" headers="r2 r6 c1">One race reported</th>
|
|
<td colspan="8"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r8" headers="r2 r6 r7 c1">White</th>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r8 c2 c5">373,802</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r8 c2 c6">47.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r8 c3 c7">72,988</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r8 c3 c8">167,266</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r8 c3 c9">133,548</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r8 c4 c10">47.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r8 c4 c11">46.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r8 c4 c12">47.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r9" headers="r2 r6 r7 c1">Black</th>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r9 c2 c5">366,129</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r9 c2 c6">46.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r9 c3 c7">66,567</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r9 c3 c8">166,021</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r9 c3 c9">133,541</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r9 c4 c10">43.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r9 c4 c11">46.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r9 c4 c12">47.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r10" headers="r2 r6 r7 c1">American Indian or Alaska Native</th>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r10 c2 c5">13,202</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r10 c2 c6">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r10 c3 c7">2,291</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r10 c3 c8">7,537</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r10 c3 c9">3,374</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r10 c4 c10">1.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r10 c4 c11">2.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r10 c4 c12">1.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r11" headers="r2 r6 r7 c1">Asian or Pacific Islander</th>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r11 c2 c5">9,717</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r11 c2 c6">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r11 c3 c7">2,820</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r11 c3 c8">4,208</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r11 c3 c9">2,688</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r11 c4 c10">1.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r11 c4 c11">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r7 r11 c4 c12">1.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r12" headers="r2 r6 c1">Multiracial</th>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r12 c2 c5">29,105</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r12 c2 c6">3.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r12 c3 c7">9,826</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r12 c3 c8">12,505</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r12 c3 c9">6,774</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r12 c4 c10">6.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r12 c4 c11">3.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r6 r12 c4 c12">2.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r13" headers="r2 c1">Ethnicity</th>
|
|
<td colspan="8"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r14" headers="r2 r13 c1">Hispanic</th>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r14 c2 c5">128,690</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r14 c2 c6">16.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r14 c3 c7">27,858</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r14 c3 c8">62,253</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r14 c3 c9">38,579</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r14 c4 c10">18.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r14 c4 c11">17.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r14 c4 c12">13.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r15" headers="r2 r13 c1">Not Hispanic</th>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r15 c2 c5">663,264</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r15 c2 c6">83.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r15 c3 c7">126,634</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r15 c3 c8">295,285</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r15 c3 c9">241,345</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r15 c4 c10">82.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r15 c4 c11">82.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r2 r13 r15 c4 c12">86.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="8" id="r16">Education</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r17" headers="r16 c1">Currently enrolled in school</th>
|
|
<td colspan="8"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r18" headers="r16 r17 c1">Yes</th>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r18 c2 c5">701,864</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r18 c2 c6">88.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r18 c3 c7">95,367</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r18 c3 c8">352,664</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r18 c3 c9">253,832</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r18 c4 c10">61.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r18 c4 c11">98.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r18 c4 c12">90.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r19" headers="r16 r17 c1">No</th>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r19 c2 c5">48,814</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r19 c2 c6">6.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r19 c3 c7">18,147</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r19 c3 c8">4,874</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r19 c3 c9">25,793</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r19 c4 c10">11.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r19 c4 c11">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r19 c4 c12">9.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r20" headers="r16 r17 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r20 c2 c5">41,276</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r20 c2 c6">5.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r20 c3 c7">40,977</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r20 c3 c8">0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r20 c3 c9">299</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r20 c4 c10">26.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r20 c4 c11">0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r17 r20 c4 c12">0.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r21" headers="r16 c1">Special education</th>
|
|
<td colspan="8"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r22" headers="r16 r21 c1">Ever received</th>
|
|
<td colspan="8"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r23" headers="r16 r21 r22 c1">Yes</th>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r23 c2 c5">547,531</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r23 c2 c6">69.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r23 c3 c7">58,805</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r23 c3 c8">271,207</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r23 c3 c9">217,519</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r23 c4 c10">38.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r23 c4 c11">75.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r23 c4 c12">77.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r24" headers="r16 r21 r22 c1">No</th>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r24 c2 c5">197,453</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r24 c2 c6">24.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r24 c3 c7">53,320</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r24 c3 c8">84,393</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r24 c3 c9">59,739</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r24 c4 c10">34.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r24 c4 c11">23.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r24 c4 c12">21.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r25" headers="r16 r21 r22 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r25 c2 c5">46,971</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r25 c2 c6">5.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r25 c3 c7">42,366</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r25 c3 c8">1,938</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r25 c3 c9">2,666</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r25 c4 c10">27.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r25 c4 c11">0.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r22 r25 c4 c12">1.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r26" headers="r16 r21 c1">Received in the past 12 months</th>
|
|
<td colspan="8"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r27" headers="r16 r21 r26 c1">Yes</th>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r27 c2 c5">472,596</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r27 c2 c6">59.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r27 c3 c7">58,805</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r27 c3 c8">271,207</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r27 c3 c9">142,584</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r27 c4 c10">38.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r27 c4 c11">75.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r27 c4 c12">50.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r28" headers="r16 r21 r26 c1">No</th>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r28 c2 c5">182,353</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r28 c2 c6">23.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r28 c3 c7">53,320</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r28 c3 c8">84,393</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r28 c3 c9">44,639</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r28 c4 c10">34.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r28 c4 c11">23.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r28 c4 c12">16.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r29" headers="r16 r21 r26 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r29 c2 c5">137,005</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r29 c2 c6">17.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r29 c3 c7">42,366</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r29 c3 c8">1,938</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r29 c3 c9">92,701</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r29 c4 c10">27.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r29 c4 c11">0.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r21 r26 r29 c4 c12">33.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r30" headers="r16 c1">Individual education plan</th>
|
|
<td colspan="8"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r31" headers="r16 r30 c1">Ever had one</th>
|
|
<td colspan="8"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r32" headers="r16 r30 r31 c1">Yes</th>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r32 c2 c5">536,360</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r32 c2 c6">67.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r32 c3 c7">64,049</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r32 c3 c8">272,375</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r32 c3 c9">199,936</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r32 c4 c10">41.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r32 c4 c11">76.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r32 c4 c12">71.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r33" headers="r16 r30 r31 c1">No</th>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r33 c2 c5">255,594</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r33 c2 c6">32.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r33 c3 c7">90,443</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r33 c3 c8">85,163</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r33 c3 c9">79,988</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r33 c4 c10">58.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r33 c4 c11">23.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r31 r33 c4 c12">28.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r34" headers="r16 r30 c1">Currently has one</th>
|
|
<td colspan="8"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r35" headers="r16 r30 r34 c1">Yes</th>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r35 c2 c5">484,568</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r35 c2 c6">61.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r35 c3 c7">58,258</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r35 c3 c8">254,016</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r35 c3 c9">172,294</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r35 c4 c10">37.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r35 c4 c11">71.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r35 c4 c12">61.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r36" headers="r16 r30 r34 c1">No</th>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r36 c2 c5">236,373</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r36 c2 c6">29.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r36 c3 c7">54,070</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r36 c3 c8">89,507</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r36 c3 c9">92,797</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r36 c4 c10">35.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r36 c4 c11">25.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r36 c4 c12">33.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r37" headers="r16 r30 r34 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r37 c2 c5">71,013</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r37 c2 c6">9.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r37 c3 c7">42,165</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r37 c3 c8">14,015</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r37 c3 c9">14,833</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r37 c4 c10">27.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r37 c4 c11">3.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r16 r30 r34 r37 c4 c12">5.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="8" id="r38">Household</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r39" headers="r38 c1">Living arrangement</th>
|
|
<td colspan="8"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r40" headers="r38 r39 c1">Two parents</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r40 c2 c5">231,672</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r40 c2 c6">29.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r40 c3 c7">57,604</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r40 c3 c8">101,630</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r40 c3 c9">72,437</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r40 c4 c10">37.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r40 c4 c11">28.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r40 c4 c12">25.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r41" headers="r38 r39 c1">Single mother</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r41 c2 c5">445,555</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r41 c2 c6">56.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r41 c3 c7">87,384</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r41 c3 c8">206,008</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r41 c3 c9">152,163</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r41 c4 c10">56.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r41 c4 c11">57.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r41 c4 c12">54.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r42" headers="r38 r39 c1">Single father</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r42 c2 c5">18,773</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r42 c2 c6">2.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r42 c3 c7">779</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r42 c3 c8">9,886</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r42 c3 c9">8,108</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r42 c4 c10">0.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r42 c4 c11">2.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r42 c4 c12">2.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r43" headers="r38 r39 c1">Other older relative</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r43 c2 c5">78,388</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r43 c2 c6">9.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r43 c3 c7">8,463</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r43 c3 c8">36,881</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r43 c3 c9">33,044</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r43 c4 c10">5.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r43 c4 c11">10.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r43 c4 c12">11.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r44" headers="r38 r39 c1">Other</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r44 c2 c5">13,818</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r44 c2 c6">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r44 c3 c7">260</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r44 c3 c8">1,839</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r44 c3 c9">11,718</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r44 c4 c10">0.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r44 c4 c11">0.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r44 c4 c12">4.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r45" headers="r38 r39 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r45 c2 c5">3,749</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r45 c2 c6">0.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r45 c3 c7">0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r45 c3 c8">1,295</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r45 c3 c9">2,454</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r45 c4 c10">0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r45 c4 c11">0.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r39 r45 c4 c12">0.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r46" headers="r38 c1">Number in household</th>
|
|
<td colspan="8"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r47" headers="r38 r46 c1">Two</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r47 c2 c5">88,342</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r47 c2 c6">11.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r47 c3 c7">15,132</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r47 c3 c8">33,899</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r47 c3 c9">39,311</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r47 c4 c10">9.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r47 c4 c11">9.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r47 c4 c12">14.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r48" headers="r38 r46 c1">Three</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r48 c2 c5">182,145</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r48 c2 c6">23.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r48 c3 c7">37,535</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r48 c3 c8">78,010</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r48 c3 c9">66,600</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r48 c4 c10">24.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r48 c4 c11">21.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r48 c4 c12">23.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r49" headers="r38 r46 c1">Four</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r49 c2 c5">204,626</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r49 c2 c6">25.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r49 c3 c7">46,097</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r49 c3 c8">92,278</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r49 c3 c9">66,251</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r49 c4 c10">29.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r49 c4 c11">25.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r49 c4 c12">23.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r50" headers="r38 r46 c1">Five</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r50 c2 c5">154,622</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r50 c2 c6">19.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r50 c3 c7">27,805</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r50 c3 c8">76,498</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r50 c3 c9">50,319</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r50 c4 c10">18.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r50 c4 c11">21.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r50 c4 c12">18.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r51" headers="r38 r46 c1">Six</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r51 c2 c5">80,455</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r51 c2 c6">10.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r51 c3 c7">15,210</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r51 c3 c8">35,709</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r51 c3 c9">29,536</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r51 c4 c10">9.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r51 c4 c11">10.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r51 c4 c12">10.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r52" headers="r38 r46 c1">Seven</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r52 c2 c5">41,846</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r52 c2 c6">5.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r52 c3 c7">7,155</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r52 c3 c8">20,625</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r52 c3 c9">14,066</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r52 c4 c10">4.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r52 c4 c11">5.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r52 c4 c12">5.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r53" headers="r38 r46 c1">Eight or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r53 c2 c5">38,072</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r53 c2 c6">4.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r53 c3 c7">5,559</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r53 c3 c8">20,519</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r53 c3 c9">11,994</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r53 c4 c10">3.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r53 c4 c11">5.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r53 c4 c12">4.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r54" headers="r38 r46 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r54 c2 c5">1,847</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r54 c2 c6">0.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r54 c3 c7">0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r54 c3 c8">0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r54 c3 c9">1,847</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r54 c4 c10">0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r54 c4 c11">0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r46 r54 c4 c12">0.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r55" headers="r38 c1">Number under age 18 in household</th>
|
|
<td colspan="8"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r56" headers="r38 r55 c1">One</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r56 c2 c5">179,003</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r56 c2 c6">22.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r56 c3 c7">36,408</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r56 c3 c8">64,722</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r56 c3 c9">77,873</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r56 c4 c10">23.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r56 c4 c11">18.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r56 c4 c12">27.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r57" headers="r38 r55 c1">Two</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r57 c2 c5">239,156</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r57 c2 c6">30.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r57 c3 c7">53,485</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r57 c3 c8">105,419</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r57 c3 c9">80,251</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r57 c4 c10">34.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r57 c4 c11">29.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r57 c4 c12">28.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r58" headers="r38 r55 c1">Three</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r58 c2 c5">188,346</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r58 c2 c6">23.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r58 c3 c7">34,854</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r58 c3 c8">95,283</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r58 c3 c9">58,209</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r58 c4 c10">22.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r58 c4 c11">26.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r58 c4 c12">20.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r59" headers="r38 r55 c1">Four</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r59 c2 c5">91,519</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r59 c2 c6">11.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r59 c3 c7">16,906</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r59 c3 c8">41,034</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r59 c3 c9">33,579</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r59 c4 c10">10.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r59 c4 c11">11.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r59 c4 c12">12.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r60" headers="r38 r55 c1">Five or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r60 c2 c5">80,706</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r60 c2 c6">10.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r60 c3 c7">11,050</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r60 c3 c8">45,942</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r60 c3 c9">23,713</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r60 c4 c10">7.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r60 c4 c11">12.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r60 c4 c12">8.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r61" headers="r38 r55 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r61 c2 c5">13,225</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r61 c2 c6">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r61 c3 c7">1,788</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r61 c3 c8">5,138</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r61 c3 c9">6,299</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r61 c4 c10">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r61 c4 c11">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r55 r61 c4 c12">2.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r62" headers="r38 c1">Other household members with disability</th>
|
|
<td colspan="8"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r63" headers="r38 r62 c1">Yes</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r63 c2 c5">387,430</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r63 c2 c6">48.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r63 c3 c7">59,187</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r63 c3 c8">179,358</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r63 c3 c9">148,885</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r63 c4 c10">38.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r63 c4 c11">50.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r63 c4 c12">53.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r64" headers="r38 r62 c1">No</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r64 c2 c5">396,273</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r64 c2 c6">50.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r64 c3 c7">95,305</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r64 c3 c8">176,431</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r64 c3 c9">124,537</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r64 c4 c10">61.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r64 c4 c11">49.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r64 c4 c12">44.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r65" headers="r38 r62 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r65 c2 c5">8,252</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r65 c2 c6">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r65 c3 c7">0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r65 c3 c8">1,749</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r65 c3 c9">6,503</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r65 c4 c10">0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r65 c4 c11">0.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r38 r62 r65 c4 c12">2.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="firstNote" colspan="9">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="lastNote" colspan="9">NOTE: The absolute numbers in the table refer to estimated population totals. These numbers are derived by applying an appropriate weight to each sample observation and rounding the result to an integer number. Therefore subgroup numbers may not add to the total in some cases.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> administrative records do not contain complete information on race (Scott 1999). The <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> questions on race and ethnicity follow the guidelines provided by the Office of Management and Budget for collecting such information. Approximately 47 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children were classified as "White alone," and 46 percent were classified as "Black alone" (Table 1).<sup><a href="#mn8" id="mt8">8</a></sup> The remaining 7 percent were of other races (American Indian or Alaska Native or Asian or Pacific Islander) or were "Multiracial." About 16 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children were Hispanic.</p>
|
|
<p><abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> administrative records do not contain data on the educational attainment of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children or their utilization of the special education system. That data gap is filled by the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>. Almost 89 percent of the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children who were surveyed were reported to be enrolled in school, and about 70 percent participated in a special education program at some point during their schooling (Table 1).<sup><a href="#mn9" id="mt9">9</a></sup> Almost 68 percent had an individual education plan (<abbr class="spell">IEP</abbr>) at some point during their schooling.<sup><a href="#mn10" id="mt10">10</a></sup></p>
|
|
<p><abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> data on <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> recipients' living arrangements characterize these arrangements for the payment of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> benefits but do not reflect living arrangements from a demographic or economic perspective and thus provide an incomplete picture of family and household relationships (Koenig and Rupp 2003/2004). More than half (56 percent) of the children in the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> were living with their single mother (Chart 1).<sup><a href="#mn11" id="mt11">11</a></sup> Only about 2 percent lived with a single father. A substantial proportion (29 percent) lived in a two-parent household, and about 10 percent lived with an older relative other than their parents. Younger children, especially those under the age of 6, were far more likely to be living in two-parent households than were older children.</p>
|
|
<div class="chartCenter">
|
|
<div class="chart700" id="chart1">
|
|
<div class="title">Chart 1<br>Distribution of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> by living arrangement</div>
|
|
<div class="scrollChart"><img src="v66n2p21c1.gif" width="527" height="222" alt="Bar chart with tabular version below." /></div>
|
|
<div class="table altTable"><a class="altToggle" href="">Show as table</a>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table equivalent for Chart 1. </span>Distribution of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> by living arrangement</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:10em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:10em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" scope="col">Arrangement</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Percent</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Two parents</th>
|
|
<td>29.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Mother</th>
|
|
<td>56.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Father</th>
|
|
<td>2.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Other older relative</th>
|
|
<td>9.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Other</th>
|
|
<td>1.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="onlyNote" colspan="2">NOTE: This chart repeats selected data from Table 1. Chart omits a small fraction of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> with missing variable value.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="onlyNote">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002. See Table 1, Note.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>More than 50 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children lived in households with two or three children under the age of 18 in the household, and less than a quarter lived with no other children present (Table 1). About a quarter lived in households with four or more children. A very high proportion (about half) of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children were living in a household reported to have at least one other individual (child or adult) with a disability.</p>
|
|
<h2>Income and Assets</h2>
|
|
<p><abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> administrative records provide information on income items that are required for computing <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> eligibility and payments. Income data that are needed for economic and policy analyses—for example, parental earnings, total family income, and the share of family income from various sources—either are not available or are difficult to access in <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> records. Administrative data on assets (resources) are not available at all from <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr>'s regular <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> data extracts. The <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> provides detailed data on the income sources of the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> child, the parents of the child, and the other resident family members, as well as information on the parent's or guardian's assets and debt. Data on assets and debt include the assets and debt of any spouse or unmarried partner of the parent or guardian.</p>
|
|
<p>Nearly half of all <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children in the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> lived in families in which their parents or guardians had no earnings (Chart 2). Among those whose parents or guardians had earnings, the level of those earnings varied substantially. About 16 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children lived in families with monthly earnings of $2,000 or more. Among parents or guardians who had earnings, the median earned income was $1,500 per month (Table 2), or about $18,000 per year.</p>
|
|
<div class="chartCenter">
|
|
<div class="chart700" id="chart2">
|
|
<div class="title">Chart 2<br>Distribution of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> by monthly earnings of parent or guardian and total monthly family income</div>
|
|
<div class="scrollChart">
|
|
<div class="panel">Monthly earnings of parent or guardian</div>
|
|
<img src="v66n2p21c2a.gif" width="527" height="222" alt="Bar chart with tabular version below." />
|
|
<div class="panel">Total monthly family income</div>
|
|
<img src="v66n2p21c2b.gif" width="527" height="222" alt="Bar chart with tabular version below." /></div>
|
|
<div class="table altTable"><a class="altToggle" href="">Show as table</a>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table equivalent for Chart 2. </span>Distribution of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> by monthly earnings of parent or guardian and total monthly family income</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:8em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:20em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" scope="col">Dollars</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Percent</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
<th class="panel" scope="rowgroup">Monthly earnings of parent or guardian</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">0</th>
|
|
<td>44.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">1–499</th>
|
|
<td>3.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">500–999</th>
|
|
<td>8.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">1,000–1,499</th>
|
|
<td>15.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">1,500–1,999</th>
|
|
<td>11.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">2,000–2,999</th>
|
|
<td>9.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">3,000 or more</th>
|
|
<td>6.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
<th class="panel" scope="rowgroup">Total monthly family income</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">499 or less</th>
|
|
<td>4.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">500–999</th>
|
|
<td>20.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">1,000–1,499</th>
|
|
<td>20.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">1,500–1,999</th>
|
|
<td>18.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">2,000–2,999</th>
|
|
<td>22.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">3,000 or more</th>
|
|
<td>13.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="onlyNote" colspan="2">NOTE: This chart repeats selected data from Table 2.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="firstNote">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002. See Table 2.</div>
|
|
<div class="lastNote">NOTE: Chart for monthly earnings of parent or guardian (top) does not include small fraction with missing variable value.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="table" id="table2">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table 2. </span>Monthly family income, assets, and debt of parents or guardians among children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>, by age of child (in percent unless otherwise noted)</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:18em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="4" style="width:6em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" id="c1">Characteristic</th>
|
|
<th id="c2">All ages</th>
|
|
<th id="c3">Aged <span class="nobr">0–5</span></th>
|
|
<th id="c4">Aged <span class="nobr">6–12</span></th>
|
|
<th id="c5">Aged <span class="nobr">13–17</span></th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="4" id="r1">Income</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r2" headers="r1 c1">Total family income</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r3" headers="r1 r2 c1">Distribution by dollar amount</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r4" headers="r1 r2 r3 c1">0</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r4 c2">0.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r4 c3">0.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r4 c4">0.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r4 c5">1.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r5" headers="r1 r2 r3 c1">1–499</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r5 c2">4.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r5 c3">3.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r5 c4">4.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r5 c5">4.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r6" headers="r1 r2 r3 c1">500–999</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r6 c2">20.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r6 c3">24.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r6 c4">19.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r6 c5">19.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r7" headers="r1 r2 r3 c1">1,000–1,499</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r7 c2">20.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r7 c3">19.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r7 c4">19.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r7 c5">22.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r8" headers="r1 r2 r3 c1">1,500–1,999</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r8 c2">18.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r8 c3">18.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r8 c4">18.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r8 c5">18.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r9" headers="r1 r2 r3 c1">2,000–2,999</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r9 c2">22.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r9 c3">21.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r9 c4">24.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r9 c5">20.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r10" headers="r1 r2 r3 c1">3,000 or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r10 c2">13.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r10 c3">13.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r10 c4">13.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 r10 c5">13.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="shaded">
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r11" headers="r1 r2 c1">Mean among all children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r11 c2">1,818</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r11 c3">1,808</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r11 c4">1,853</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r11 c5">1,780</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="shaded">
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r12" headers="r1 r2 c1">Median among all children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r12 c2">1,612</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r12 c3">1,607</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r12 c4">1,687</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r12 c5">1,545</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r13" headers="r1 c1"><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> benefits of family <sup>a</sup></th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r14" headers="r1 r13 c1">Distribution by dollar amount</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r15" headers="r1 r13 r14 c1">1–99</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r15 c2">2.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r15 c3">3.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r15 c4">2.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r15 c5">2.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r16" headers="r1 r13 r14 c1">100–299</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r16 c2">6.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r16 c3">5.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r16 c4">6.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r16 c5">7.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r17" headers="r1 r13 r14 c1">300–499</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r17 c2">20.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r17 c3">21.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r17 c4">21.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r17 c5">19.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r18" headers="r1 r13 r14 c1">500–699</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r18 c2">44.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r18 c3">50.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r18 c4">44.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r18 c5">41.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r19" headers="r1 r13 r14 c1">700–899</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r19 c2">3.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r19 c3">3.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r19 c4">3.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r19 c5">4.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r20" headers="r1 r13 r14 c1">900 or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r20 c2">22.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r20 c3">15.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r20 c4">22.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r14 r20 c5">24.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="shaded">
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r21" headers="r1 r13 c1">Mean among recipients (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r21 c2">672</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r21 c3">609</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r21 c4">689</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r21 c5">684</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="shaded">
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r22" headers="r1 r13 c1">Median among recipients (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r22 c2">531</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r22 c3">531</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r22 c4">531</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r13 r22 c5">531</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r23" headers="r1 c1">Earnings of parent or guardian</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r24" headers="r1 r23 c1">Percentage distribution by dollar amount of earnings</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r25" headers="r1 r23 r24 c1">0</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r25 c2">44.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r25 c3">42.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r25 c4">43.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r25 c5">47.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r26" headers="r1 r23 r24 c1">1–499</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r26 c2">3.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r26 c3">2.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r26 c4">3.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r26 c5">2.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r27" headers="r1 r23 r24 c1">500–999</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r27 c2">8.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r27 c3">8.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r27 c4">8.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r27 c5">8.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r28" headers="r1 r23 r24 c1">1,000–1,499</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r28 c2">15.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r28 c3">18.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r28 c4">15.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r28 c5">12.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r29" headers="r1 r23 r24 c1">1,500–1,999</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r29 c2">11.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r29 c3">9.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r29 c4">13.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r29 c5">10.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r30" headers="r1 r23 r24 c1">2,000–2,999</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r30 c2">9.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r30 c3">9.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r30 c4">10.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r30 c5">9.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r31" headers="r1 r23 r24 c1">3,000 or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r31 c2">6.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r31 c3">9.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r31 c4">5.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r31 c5">6.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r32" headers="r1 r23 r24 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r32 c2">0.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r32 c3">0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r32 c4">0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 r32 c5">1.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r33" headers="r1 r23 c1">Percentage distribution by presence of earnings</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r34" headers="r1 r23 r33 c1">With earnings</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r33 r34 c2">54.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r33 r34 c3">57.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r33 r34 c4">56.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r33 r34 c5">50.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r35" headers="r1 r23 r33 c1">Without earnings</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r33 r35 c2">44.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r33 r35 c3">42.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r33 r35 c4">43.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r33 r35 c5">47.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r36" headers="r1 r23 r33 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r33 r36 c2">0.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r33 r36 c3">0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r33 r36 c4">0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r33 r36 c5">1.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="shaded">
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r37" headers="r1 r23 c1">Mean among those with earnings (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r37 c2">1,770</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r37 c3">1,843</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r37 c4">1,745</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r37 c5">1,759</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="shaded">
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r38" headers="r1 r23 c1">Median among those with earnings (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r38 c2">1,500</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r38 c3">1,452</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r38 c4">1,513</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r38 c5">1,522</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r39" headers="r1 c1">Social Security income of family</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r40" headers="r1 r39 c1">Percentage receiving</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r39 r40 c2">13.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r39 r40 c3">6.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r39 r40 c4">12.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r39 r40 c5">17.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="shaded">
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r41" headers="r1 r39 c1">Mean among recipients (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r39 r41 c2">654</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r39 r41 c3">710</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r39 r41 c4">629</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r39 r41 c5">666</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="shaded">
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r42" headers="r1 r39 c1">Median among recipients (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r39 r42 c2">561</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r39 r42 c3">700</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r39 r42 c4">546</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r39 r42 c5">561</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r43" headers="r1 c1">Other public assistance of family <sup>b</sup></th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r44" headers="r1 r43 c1">Percentage receiving</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r43 r44 c2">14.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r43 r44 c3">13.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r43 r44 c4">13.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r43 r44 c5">14.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="shaded">
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r45" headers="r1 r43 c1">Mean among recipients (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r43 r45 c2">372</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r43 r45 c3">340</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r43 r45 c4">401</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r43 r45 c5">353</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="shaded">
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r46" headers="r1 r43 c1">Median among recipients (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r43 r46 c2">300</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r43 r46 c3">300</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r43 r46 c4">300</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r43 r46 c5">290</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r47" headers="r1 c1">Average share of family income from—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r48" headers="r1 r47 c1"><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr></th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r48 c2">47.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r48 c3">46.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r48 c4">47.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r48 c5">49.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r49" headers="r1 r47 c1">Earnings of parent or guardian</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r49 c2">38.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r49 c3">41.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r49 c4">39.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r49 c5">35.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r50" headers="r1 r47 c1">Social Security</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r50 c2">4.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r50 c3">2.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r50 c4">4.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r50 c5">7.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r51" headers="r1 r47 c1">Other public assistance</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r51 c2">3.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r51 c3">3.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r51 c4">3.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r51 c5">3.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r52" headers="r1 r47 c1">Other</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r52 c2">5.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r52 c3">5.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r52 c4">5.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r47 r52 c5">4.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r53" headers="r1 c1">Poverty status of family</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r54" headers="r1 r53 c1">Distribution by poverty status</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r55" headers="r1 r53 r54 c1">Below poverty threshold</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r54 r55 c2">44.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r54 r55 c3">45.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r54 r55 c4">44.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r54 r55 c5">43.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r56" headers="r1 r53 r54 c1">At or above poverty threshold</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r54 r56 c2">53.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r54 r56 c3">53.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r54 r56 c4">53.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r54 r56 c5">53.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r57" headers="r1 r53 r54 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r54 r57 c2">1.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r54 r57 c3">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r54 r57 c4">1.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r54 r57 c5">2.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r58" headers="r1 r53 c1">Distribution by percentage of poverty threshold</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r59" headers="r1 r53 r58 c1">Below 50</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r59 c2">15.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r59 c3">17.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r59 c4">15.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r59 c5">14.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r60" headers="r1 r53 r58 c1">50–99</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r60 c2">28.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r60 c3">27.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r60 c4">28.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r60 c5">28.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r61" headers="r1 r53 r58 c1">100–149</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r61 c2">26.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r61 c3">25.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r61 c4">25.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r61 c5">27.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r62" headers="r1 r53 r58 c1">150–199</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r62 c2">15.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r62 c3">14.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r62 c4">17.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r62 c5">14.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r63" headers="r1 r53 r58 c1">200–299</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r63 c2">9.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r63 c3">9.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r63 c4">8.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r63 c5">9.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r64" headers="r1 r53 r58 c1">300 or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r64 c2">2.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r64 c3">3.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r64 c4">2.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r64 c5">2.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r65" headers="r1 r53 r58 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r65 c2">1.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r65 c3">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r65 c4">1.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r53 r58 r65 c5">2.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r66" headers="r1 c1">In-kind transfers of family (percentage receiving)</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r67" headers="r1 r66 c1">Food stamps</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r67 c2">31.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r67 c3">36.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r67 c4">30.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r67 c5">28.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="shaded">
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r68" headers="r1 r66 r67 c1">Mean among recipients (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r67 r68 c2">236</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r67 r68 c3">235</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r67 r68 c4">249</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r67 r68 c5">218</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="shaded">
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r69" headers="r1 r66 r67 c1">Median among recipients (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r67 r69 c2">200</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r67 r69 c3">200</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r67 r69 c4">217</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r67 r69 c5">186</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r70" headers="r1 r66 c1">Housing assistance</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r70 c2">18.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r70 c3">17.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r70 c4">19.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r70 c5">18.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r71" headers="r1 r66 c1">Energy assistance</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r71 c2">19.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r71 c3">17.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r71 c4">20.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r66 r71 c5">18.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="4" id="r72">Assets and debt</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r73" headers="r72 c1">Total liquid assets of parent or guardian <sup>c</sup></th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r74" headers="r72 r73 c1">Distribution by dollar amount</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r75" headers="r72 r73 r74 c1">0</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r75 c2">39.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r75 c3">38.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r75 c4">38.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r75 c5">39.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r76" headers="r72 r73 r74 c1">1–499</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r76 c2">34.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r76 c3">34.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r76 c4">35.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r76 c5">34.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r77" headers="r72 r73 r74 c1">500–999</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r77 c2">6.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r77 c3">7.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r77 c4">6.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r77 c5">6.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r78" headers="r72 r73 r74 c1">1,000–2,999</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r78 c2">10.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r78 c3">10.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r78 c4">10.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r78 c5">10.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r79" headers="r72 r73 r74 c1">3,000 or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r79 c2">8.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r79 c3">9.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r79 c4">8.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r74 r79 c5">9.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="shaded">
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r80" headers="r72 r73 c1">Mean among all children (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r80 c2">1,546</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r80 c3">1,838</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r80 c4">1,316</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r80 c5">1,679</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="shaded">
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r81" headers="r72 r73 c1">Median among all children (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r81 c2">20</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r81 c3">25</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r81 c4">20</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r73 r81 c5">20</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r82" headers="r72 c1">Total debt of parent or guardian <sup>d</sup></th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r83" headers="r72 r82 c1">Distribution by dollar amount</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r84" headers="r72 r82 r83 c1">0</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r84 c2">50.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r84 c3">43.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r84 c4">51.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r84 c5">52.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r85" headers="r72 r82 r83 c1">1–500</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r85 c2">5.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r85 c3">6.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r85 c4">5.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r85 c5">6.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r86" headers="r72 r82 r83 c1">501–1,000</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r86 c2">6.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r86 c3">7.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r86 c4">7.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r86 c5">5.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r87" headers="r72 r82 r83 c1">1,001–5,000</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r87 c2">18.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r87 c3">23.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r87 c4">17.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r87 c5">17.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r88" headers="r72 r82 r83 c1">5,001–10,000</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r88 c2">9.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r88 c3">10.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r88 c4">9.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r88 c5">9.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r89" headers="r72 r82 r83 c1">10,000–25,000</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r89 c2">6.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r89 c3">6.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r89 c4">6.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r89 c5">5.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r90" headers="r72 r82 r83 c1">25,001–50,000</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r90 c2">1.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r90 c3">1.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r90 c4">1.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r90 c5">2.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r91" headers="r72 r82 r83 c1">50,001 or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r91 c2">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r91 c3">0.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r91 c4">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r82 r83 r91 c5">1.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r92" headers="r72 c1">Assets owned by parent or guardian</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r93" headers="r72 r92 c1">Home</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r93 c2">36.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r93 c3">36.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r93 c4">35.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r93 c5">36.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r94" headers="r72 r92 c1">Vehicle</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r94 c2">61.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r94 c3">63.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r94 c4">62.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r94 c5">59.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r95" headers="r72 r92 c1">Investments <sup>e</sup></th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r95 c2">3.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r95 c3">6.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r95 c4">3.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r95 c5">2.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r96" headers="r72 r92 c1">Checking account</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r96 c2">36.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r96 c3">35.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r96 c4">37.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r96 c5">36.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r97" headers="r72 r92 c1">Savings account</th>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r97 c2">30.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r97 c3">31.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r97 c4">30.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r72 r92 r97 c5">28.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="firstNote" colspan="5">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">NOTE: All income amounts reported in this table are monthly values. Information on assets and debt refer to the month before the interview or the month of the interview. Assets and debt items include assets and debt of parent or guardian and of spouse or partner of the parent or guardian.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">a. Data on <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> are restricted to families reporting <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> receipt. Although the sample was drawn from the population of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>, 7 percent reported that they were no longer receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> income support at the time they were interviewed. The distribution for this variable was limited to the remaining 93 percent of the observations.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">b. "Other public assistance" includes Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (formerly Aid to Families with Dependent Children), general assistance or relief, and other welfare payments received by family members.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">c. "Total liquid assets of parent or guardian" includes checking accounts, savings accounts, stocks, notes, certificates of deposit, mutual funds, bonds, cash, household items valued in excess of $500, burial accounts, and other assets. This variable does not include the value of the home or vehicle.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">d. "Total debt of parent or guardian" includes debt from credit cards, medical debts, and loans. It excludes vehicle debt and mortgage.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="lastNote" colspan="5">e. "Investments" refers to stocks, mutual funds, bonds, certificates of deposit, and notes.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Family income among <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children also varied substantially. The median total family income was $1,612 per month (Table 2), or about $19,300 per year; about a quarter lived in families with less than $1,000 per month ($12,000 per year), and just over one-third lived in families with more than $2,000 per month ($24,000 per year; Chart 2). Family income includes earnings, government transfers, and other sources of cash income for all family members.</p>
|
|
<p>On average, <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> payments accounted for nearly 48 percent of the family income of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children, and earnings accounted for almost 39 percent (Chart 3).<sup><a href="#mn12" id="mt12">12</a></sup> Public assistance (other than <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>) and Social Security (Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance) benefits each accounted for less than 5 percent of family income, with miscellaneous other sources making up the remaining 5 percent.</p>
|
|
<div class="chartCenter">
|
|
<div class="chart400" id="chart3">
|
|
<div class="title">Chart 3<br>Average share of family income of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>, by source</div>
|
|
<div class="scrollChart"><img src="v66n2p21c3.gif" width="265" height="200" alt="Pie chart with 5 slices as follows: SSI equals 47.7 percent, earnings equals 38.6 percent, Social Security (OASDI) equals 4.9 percent, other public assistance equals 3.6 percent, and other equals 5.3 percent. NOTE: This chart repeats selected data from Table 2." /></div>
|
|
<div class="onlyNote">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002. See Table 2.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Consistent with the monthly nature of the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> cash assistance program, family poverty status was calculated as the ratio of total monthly family income to 1/12 of the federal poverty threshold (adjusted for family size and number of related children under the age of 18). Slightly more than half (54 percent) of the children were reported to be living in families with income above the poverty threshold (Table 2), a notable fact given that the federal <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> program guarantees only a subpoverty level of income. The detailed distribution showed substantial variation, with some <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children living in families with income well below the poverty threshold, and others living in families with income well over 200 percent of the poverty threshold.</p>
|
|
<p>Parents or guardians of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children tended to have few liquid assets and relatively modest debt (Chart 4).<sup><a href="#mn13" id="mt13">13</a></sup> Excluding housing and vehicles, about 40 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children had parents or guardians with zero reported assets; another 42 percent had parents or guardians with reported assets less than $1,000. Almost 9 percent had parents or guardians with reported assets valued at $3,000 or more.<sup><a href="#mn14" id="mt14">14</a></sup> Half of all <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children had parents or guardians with zero reported debt. However, almost 19 percent had parents or guardians with more than $5,000 in reported debt.</p>
|
|
<div class="chartCenter">
|
|
<div class="chart700" id="chart4">
|
|
<div class="title">Chart 4.<br>Distribution of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> by reported total liquid assets and total debt of parent or guardian</div>
|
|
<div class="panel">Assets</div>
|
|
<div class="scrollChart"><img src="v66n2p21c4a.gif" width="527" height="222" alt="Bar chart with tabular version below." /></div>
|
|
<div class="panel">Debt</div>
|
|
<div class="scrollChart"><img src="v66n2p21c4b.gif" width="527" height="222" alt="Bar chart with tabular version below." /></div>
|
|
<div class="table altTable"><a class="altToggle" href="">Show as table</a>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table equivalent for Chart 4. </span>Distribution of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> by reported total liquid assets and total debt of parent or guardian</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:8em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:16em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" scope="col">Dollars</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Percent</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
<th class="panel" scope="rowgroup">Assets</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">0</th>
|
|
<td>39.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">1–499</th>
|
|
<td>34.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">500–999</th>
|
|
<td>6.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">1,000–2,999</th>
|
|
<td>10.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">3,000 or more</th>
|
|
<td>8.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
<th class="panel" scope="rowgroup">Debt</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">0</th>
|
|
<td>50.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">1–500</th>
|
|
<td>5.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">501–1,000</th>
|
|
<td>6.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">1,001–5,000</th>
|
|
<td>18.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">5,001–10,000</th>
|
|
<td>9.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">10,001–25,000</th>
|
|
<td>6.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">25,001–50,000</th>
|
|
<td>1.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">50,001 or more</th>
|
|
<td>0.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="onlyNote" colspan="2">NOTE: This chart repeats selected data from Table 2. Chart omits a small fraction of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> with missing variable value.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="onlyNote">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002. See Table 2.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children lived with parents or guardians with relatively low ownership rates of many commonly held assets (Table 2). Only about 36 percent lived with parents or guardians who owned a residence or held a mortgage on it. Only 30 percent lived with parents or guardians who had a savings account, and just over a third lived with parents or guardians who had a checking account. Less than 4 percent lived with parents or guardians who owned at least one of the following investments: stocks, mutual funds, notes, certificates of deposit, or savings bonds. In contrast, about 62 percent lived in a household in which a parent or guardian had at least one vehicle.</p>
|
|
<p>Family participation in government assistance programs other than the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> program is shown in Chart 5. Just over 14 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children lived in families receiving public assistance payments other than those from the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> program (for example, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families and general assistance), 13 percent in families that received Social Security (<abbr class="spell">OASDI</abbr>), 31 percent in families receiving food stamps, nearly 19 percent in families with housing assistance (residence in public housing or subsidized rent), and just over 19 percent in families receiving energy assistance.</p>
|
|
<div class="chartCenter">
|
|
<div class="chart700" id="chart5">
|
|
<div class="title">Chart 5.<br>Percentage of families of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> with income from other government programs</div>
|
|
<div class="scrollChart"><img src="v66n2p21c5.gif" width="527" height="222" alt="Bar chart with tabular version below." /></div>
|
|
<div class="table altTable"><a class="altToggle" href="">Show as table</a>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table equivalent for Chart 5. </span>Percentage of families of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> with income from other government programs</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:15em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:6em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" scope="col">Program</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Percent</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Public assistance (other than <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>)</th>
|
|
<td>14.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Social Security</th>
|
|
<td>13.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Food stamps</th>
|
|
<td>31.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Housing assistance</th>
|
|
<td>18.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Energy assistance</th>
|
|
<td>19.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="onlyNote" colspan="2">NOTE: This chart repeats selected data from Table 2.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="onlyNote">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002. See Table 2.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2>Health Status</h2>
|
|
<p>Although <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> administrative records contain data on the child's disability diagnosis at the time of application for <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> benefits and at the point of continuing disability reviews, information is not collected on the general health status of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> recipients, their functional limitations, or the severity of their disabling <span class="nobr">condition(s)</span>. From the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>, data are available on the disabling condition, general health status, functional limitations, and severity of disability for <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children. As discussed in the Introduction, these data are based on the subjective perceptions of the survey respondent.</p>
|
|
<p>Disabling conditions were classified as physical, mental, and other, on the basis of up to three conditions reported by the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> respondent. The categories are not mutually exclusive. In other words, if a respondent reported mental retardation and a mobility impairment, the child would be counted in both the mental disability category and the physical disability category. Within the mental disability category, two subgroups were distinguished: mental retardation and other mental disorders (which includes all mental disorders except mental retardation).</p>
|
|
<p>Overall, parents or guardians reported that 50 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children had a mental disability, and about 44 percent had a physical disability (Table 3). Eight percent of all <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children reported mental retardation; 44 percent reported a mental disability other than mental retardation. Substantial age differences were evident within this overall distribution. For preschool-aged <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children, physical disabilities were the most frequent, while for <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children aged 6 to 12 and 13 to 17, mental disabilities were clearly dominant (Chart 6).<sup><a href="#mn15" id="mt15">15</a></sup> About 28 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children reported more than one disabling condition (not shown).</p>
|
|
<div class="table" id="table3">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table 3. </span>Disability and health status of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>, by age of child</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:18em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="4" style="width:6em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" id="c1">Characteristic</th>
|
|
<th id="c2">All ages</th>
|
|
<th id="c3">Aged <span class="nobr">0–5</span></th>
|
|
<th id="c4">Aged <span class="nobr">6–12</span></th>
|
|
<th id="c5">Aged <span class="nobr">13–17</span></th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="4" id="r1">Percentage distribution</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r2" headers="r1 c1">Reported general health status</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r3" headers="r1 r2 c1">Poor</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c2">9.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c3">8.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c4">9.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c5">8.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r4" headers="r1 r2 c1">Fair</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c2">30.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c3">31.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c4">30.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c5">28.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r5" headers="r1 r2 c1">Good</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r5 c2">33.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r5 c3">34.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r5 c4">31.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r5 c5">35.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r6" headers="r1 r2 c1">Very good</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r6 c2">15.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r6 c3">17.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r6 c4">14.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r6 c5">15.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r7" headers="r1 r2 c1">Excellent</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r7 c2">11.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r7 c3">8.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r7 c4">13.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r7 c5">11.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r8" headers="r1 r2 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r8 c2">0.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r8 c3">0.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r8 c4">0.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r8 c5">0.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r9" headers="r1 c1">Severity of health condition</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r10" headers="r1 r9 c1">High</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r10 c2">53.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r10 c3">51.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r10 c4">54.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r10 c5">52.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r11" headers="r1 r9 c1">Moderate</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r11 c2">32.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r11 c3">32.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r11 c4">33.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r11 c5">31.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r12" headers="r1 r9 c1">Mild</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r12 c2">9.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r12 c3">10.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r12 c4">9.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r12 c5">10.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r13" headers="r1 r9 c1">No health condition reported</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r13 c2">2.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r13 c3">4.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r13 c4">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r13 c5">2.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r14" headers="r1 r9 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r14 c2">2.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r14 c3">2.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r14 c4">1.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r9 r14 c5">2.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r15" headers="r1 c1">Disability affects ability to do things—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r16" headers="r1 r15 c1">A great deal</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r16 c2">36.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r16 c3">33.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r16 c4">38.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r16 c5">35.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r17" headers="r1 r15 c1">Some</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r17 c2">41.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r17 c3">40.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r17 c4">43.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r17 c5">39.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r18" headers="r1 r15 c1">Very little</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r18 c2">18.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r18 c3">20.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r18 c4">16.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r18 c5">20.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r19" headers="r1 r15 c1">No disability reported</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r19 c2">2.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r19 c3">3.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r19 c4">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r19 c5">2.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r20" headers="r1 r15 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r20 c2">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r20 c3">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r20 c4">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r15 r20 c5">1.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r21" headers="r1 c1">Number of functional limitations reported—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r22" headers="r1 r21 c1">Zero</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r22 c2">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r22 c3">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r22 c4">61.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r22 c5">77.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r23" headers="r1 r21 c1">One</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r23 c2">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r23 c3">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r23 c4">6.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r23 c5">5.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r24" headers="r1 r21 c1">Two</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r24 c2">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r24 c3">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r24 c4">12.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r24 c5">5.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r25" headers="r1 r21 c1">Three to six</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r25 c2">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r25 c3">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r25 c4">20.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r25 c5">11.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r26" headers="r1 r21 c1">Mean number of limitations among children with one or more limitations</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r26 c2">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r26 c3">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r26 c4">3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r21 r26 c5">3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="4" id="r27">Percentage reporting</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r28" headers="r27 c1">Type of disability <sup>b</sup></th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r29" headers="r27 r28 c1">Any physical disability</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r29 c2">43.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r29 c3">62.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r29 c4">41.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r29 c5">35.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r30" headers="r27 r28 c1">Any mental disability</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r30 c2">50.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r30 c3">21.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r30 c4">56.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r30 c5">59.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r31" headers="r27 r28 r30 c1">Mental retardation</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r30 r31 c2">7.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r30 r31 c3">2.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r30 r31 c4">8.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r30 r31 c5">10.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r32" headers="r27 r28 r30 c1">Mental disability (other than mental retardation)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r30 r32 c2">44.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r30 r32 c3">19.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r30 r32 c4">49.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r30 r32 c5">51.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r33" headers="r27 r28 c1">Other</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r33 c2">14.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r33 c3">23.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r33 c4">14.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r33 c5">10.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r34" headers="r27 r28 c1">None reported</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r34 c2">0.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r34 c3">0.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r34 c4">0.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r34 c5">0.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r35" headers="r27 r28 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r35 c2">2.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r35 c3">4.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r35 c4">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 r35 c5">3.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r36" headers="r27 c1">Functional limitations</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r37" headers="r27 r36 c1">Need help <sup>c</sup>—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r38" headers="r27 r36 r37 c1">Getting in or out of bed</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r38 c2">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r38 c3">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r38 c4">9.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r38 c5">6.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r39" headers="r27 r36 r37 c1">Getting around inside home</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r39 c2">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r39 c3">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r39 c4">8.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r39 c5">6.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r40" headers="r27 r36 r37 c1">Using or getting to toilet</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r40 c2">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r40 c3">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r40 c4">16.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r40 c5">9.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r41" headers="r27 r36 r37 c1">Eating</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r41 c2">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r41 c3">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r41 c4">14.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r41 c5">8.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r42" headers="r27 r36 r37 c1">Bathing or showering</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r42 c2">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r42 c3">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r42 c4">34.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r42 c5">18.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r43" headers="r27 r36 r37 c1">Dressing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r43 c2">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r43 c3">a</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r43 c4">33.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r36 r37 r43 c5">18.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="firstNote" colspan="5">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">a. Data on functional limitations were collected only for <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> sample members aged 6 or older.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">b. Up to three health problems or conditions were coded in the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>. Because sample members can have more than one health problem or condition, the disability categories and subcategories are not mutually exclusive. Therefore, the percentages do not add to 100.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="lastNote" colspan="5">c. Sample members may need help with more than one function. Therefore, the categories under "Functional limitations, Need help" are not mutually exclusive and exhaustive, and percentages do not add to 100.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="chartCenter">
|
|
<div class="chart700" id="chart6">
|
|
<div class="title">Chart 6.<br>Percentage of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> with reported physical, mental, or other disabilities, by age group</div>
|
|
<div class="scrollChart"><img src="v66n2p21c6.gif" width="527" height="222" alt="Bar chart with tabular version below." /></div>
|
|
<div class="table altTable"><a class="altToggle" href="">Show as table</a>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table equivalent for Chart 6. </span>Percentage of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> with reported physical, mental, or other disabilities, by age group</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:5em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="4" style="width:12em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" scope="col">Age group</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Physical<br>disability</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Mental<br>retardation</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Other<br>mental<br>disability</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Other</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">0–5</th>
|
|
<td>62.8</td>
|
|
<td>2.5</td>
|
|
<td>19.8</td>
|
|
<td>23.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">6–12</th>
|
|
<td>41.3</td>
|
|
<td>8.3</td>
|
|
<td>49.4</td>
|
|
<td>14.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">13–17</th>
|
|
<td>35.7</td>
|
|
<td>10.4</td>
|
|
<td>51.1</td>
|
|
<td>10.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="onlyNote" colspan="5">NOTE: This chart repeats selected data from Table 3. Chart omits a small fraction of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> with missing variable value.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="firstNote">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002. See Table 3.</div>
|
|
<div class="lastNote">NOTE: Chart does not include small fraction with missing variable value.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Around 39 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children were reported by the parent or guardian to be in poor or fair health (Chart 7). However, a nontrivial minority—about 27 percent—were reported to be in excellent or very good health. Differences were small in perceived general health status among the three age groups (Table 3).</p>
|
|
<div class="chartCenter">
|
|
<div class="chart700" id="chart7">
|
|
<div class="title">Chart 7.<br>Distribution of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> by reported health status</div>
|
|
<div class="scrollChart"><img src="v66n2p21c7.gif" width="527" height="222" alt="Bar chart with tabular version below." /></div>
|
|
<div class="table altTable"><a class="altToggle" href="">Show as table</a>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table equivalent for Chart 7. </span>Distribution of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> by reported health status</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:10em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:10em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" scope="col">Health status</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Percent</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Poor</th>
|
|
<td>9.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Fair</th>
|
|
<td>30.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Good</th>
|
|
<td>33.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Very good</th>
|
|
<td>15.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Excellent</th>
|
|
<td>11.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="onlyNote" colspan="2">NOTE: This chart repeats selected data from Table 3. Chart omits a small fraction of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> with missing variable value.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="firstNote">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002. See Table 3.</div>
|
|
<div class="lastNote">NOTE: Chart does not include small fraction with missing variable value.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Respondents were asked to ascertain the presence or absence of six kinds of functional limitations for <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children aged 6 to 17: getting into or out of bed, getting around inside the home, using or getting to the toilet, eating, bathing or showering, and dressing.<sup><a href="#mn16" id="mt16">16</a></sup> Sixty-one percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children aged 6 to 12 were reported to have none of these six functional limitations (Table 3). An even higher portion of teenagers (77 percent) aged 13 to 17 were reported to have none. At the other end of the scale, about 20 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children aged 6 to 12 were reported having three to six of these functional limitations (Table 3). The proportion of teenagers aged 13 to 17 with three to six functional limitations was much lower, about 12 percent. Among <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children in both age groups (6 to 12 and 13 to 17) who reported one or more of the six functional limitations covered in the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> questionnaire, the mean and median number of reported functional limitations was three (Table 3).</p>
|
|
<p>Among <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children between the ages of 6 and 12, the parent or guardian reported that 10 percent needed help getting into or out of bed, 9 percent needed help getting around the house, 17 percent needed help using or getting to the toilet, and 14 percent needed help eating (Chart 8). A much larger percentage needed help bathing or showering (34 percent) and dressing (33 percent).</p>
|
|
<div class="chartCenter">
|
|
<div class="chart700" id="chart8">
|
|
<div class="title">Chart 8.<br>Percentage of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> with reported need for help with specific activities, by age group</div>
|
|
<div class="scrollChart"><img src="v66n2p21c8.gif" width="527" height="222" alt="Bar chart with tabular version below." /></div>
|
|
<div class="table altTable"><a class="altToggle" href="">Show as table</a>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table equivalent for Chart 8. </span>Percentage of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> with reported need for help with specific activities, by age group</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:15em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="2" style="width:8em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" scope="col">Reported need</th>
|
|
<th class="nobr" scope="col">Age 6–12</th>
|
|
<th class="nobr" scope="col">Age 13–17</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Getting into or out of bed</th>
|
|
<td>9.9</td>
|
|
<td>6.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Getting around inside home</th>
|
|
<td>8.7</td>
|
|
<td>6.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Using or getting to toilet</th>
|
|
<td>16.9</td>
|
|
<td>9.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Eating</th>
|
|
<td>14.2</td>
|
|
<td>8.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Bathing or showering</th>
|
|
<td>34.3</td>
|
|
<td>18.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Dressing</th>
|
|
<td>33.0</td>
|
|
<td>18.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="onlyNote" colspan="3">NOTE: This chart repeats selected data from Table 3.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="onlyNote">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002. See Table 3.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Among <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> teenagers (aged 13 to 17), 7 percent needed help getting into or out of bed, 6 percent needed help getting around the house, and 10 percent needed help using or getting to the toilet. Eight percent needed help eating, 19 percent needed help bathing or showering, and 18 percent needed help dressing.<sup><a href="#mn17" id="mt17">17</a></sup></p>
|
|
<p>About 36 percent of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> payments were perceived by their parents or guardians to have disabilities that affected their ability to do things "a great deal" (Chart 9). In contrast, 21 percent were perceived to have disabilities that had "very little" or no impact on their ability to do things. As Table 3 shows, the overall pattern was very similar for the three age groups of children.</p>
|
|
<div class="chartCenter">
|
|
<div class="chart700" id="chart9">
|
|
<div class="title">Chart 9.<br>Distribution of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> by perceived impact of disability on child's ability to do thing</div>
|
|
<div class="scrollChart"><img src="v66n2p21c9.gif" width="527" height="222" alt="Bar chart with tabular version below." /></div>
|
|
<div class="table altTable"><a class="altToggle" href="">Show as table</a>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table equivalent for Chart 9. </span>Distribution of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> by perceived impact of disability on child's ability to do thing</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:12em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:8em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" scope="col">Impact of disability</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Percent</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">A great deal</th>
|
|
<td>36.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Some</th>
|
|
<td>41.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Very little</th>
|
|
<td>18.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">No disability reported</th>
|
|
<td>2.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="onlyNote" colspan="2">NOTE: This chart repeats selected data from Table 3. Chart omits a small fraction of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> with missing variable value.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="firstNote">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002. See Table 3.</div>
|
|
<div class="lastNote">NOTE: Chart does not include small fraction with missing variable value.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2>Health Care Utilization and Expenses</h2>
|
|
<p>Health care utilization is a topic of great importance in studies of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children. Childhood disabilities often lead to extensive health care needs and expenses. Most <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children are covered by Medicaid, which pays for most of their health care. However, it is not known whether they receive all of the health care services they need and what the reasons are for any unmet needs. In addition, little is known about their out-of-pocket medical expenses. <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> administrative records do not contain any information on this topic. Utilization data are collected in other national surveys, but the sample of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children is often too small in such surveys to study health care utilization in any detail. In addition to utilization data, the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> collects data on perceived health care needs and perceived unmet health care needs among <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> beneficiary children, as well as information on out-of-pocket expenses related to disability.</p>
|
|
<p>Almost all <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children had some form of health insurance: more than 90 percent had Medicaid coverage, 14 percent were covered through the State Children's Health Insurance Program (<abbr>SCHIP</abbr>), and close to 15 percent had private insurance (Table 4).<sup><a href="#mn18" id="mt18">18</a></sup> These numbers included children who had more than one type of health insurance, such as Medicaid and private insurance or Medicaid and <abbr>SCHIP</abbr> in states that provide dual eligibility for the two programs.</p>
|
|
<div class="table" id="table4">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table 4. </span>Health insurance, health service utilization, and out-of-pocket expenses among children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>, by age of child</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:18em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="4" style="width:6em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" id="c1">Characteristic</th>
|
|
<th id="c2">All ages</th>
|
|
<th id="c3">Aged <span class="nobr">0–5</span></th>
|
|
<th id="c4">Aged <span class="nobr">6–12</span></th>
|
|
<th id="c5">Aged <span class="nobr">13–17</span></th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="4" id="r1">Health insurance</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r2" headers="r1 c1">Percentage distribution by coverage</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r3" headers="r1 r2 c1">Yes</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c2">98.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c3">98.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c4">98.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c5">97.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r4" headers="r1 r2 c1">No</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c2">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c3">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c4">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c5">2.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r5" headers="r1 c1">Percentage reporting specified type of insurance <sup>a</sup></th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r6" headers="r1 r5 c1">Medicaid</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r5 r6 c2">90.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r5 r6 c3">90.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r5 r6 c4">90.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r5 r6 c5">90.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r7" headers="r1 r5 c1">SCHIP</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r5 r7 c2">14.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r5 r7 c3">15.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r5 r7 c4">14.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r5 r7 c5">12.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r8" headers="r1 r5 c1">Private</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r5 r8 c2">14.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r5 r8 c3">17.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r5 r8 c4">14.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r5 r8 c5">13.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="4" id="r9">Health service utilization</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r10" headers="r9 c1">Percentage distribution by number of doctor visits in the past 12 months</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r11" headers="r9 r10 c1">Zero</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r11 c2">6.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r11 c3">2.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r11 c4">6.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r11 c5">9.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r12" headers="r9 r10 c1">One</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r12 c2">10.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r12 c3">3.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r12 c4">11.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r12 c5">13.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r13" headers="r9 r10 c1">Two</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r13 c2">11.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r13 c3">7.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r13 c4">12.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r13 c5">12.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r14" headers="r9 r10 c1">Three</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r14 c2">10.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r14 c3">8.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r14 c4">9.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r14 c5">11.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r15" headers="r9 r10 c1">Four</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r15 c2">9.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r15 c3">8.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r15 c4">9.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r15 c5">10.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r16" headers="r9 r10 c1">Five or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r16 c2">48.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r16 c3">66.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r16 c4">47.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r16 c5">39.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r17" headers="r9 r10 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r17 c2">3.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r17 c3">3.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r17 c4">3.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r10 r17 c5">4.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r18" headers="r9 c1">Percentage distribution by number of hospitalizations in the past 12 months</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r19" headers="r9 r18 c1">Zero</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r19 c2">81.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r19 c3">68.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r19 c4">84.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r19 c5">85.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r20" headers="r9 r18 c1">One</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r20 c2">7.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r20 c3">11.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r20 c4">7.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r20 c5">6.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r21" headers="r9 r18 c1">Two</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r21 c2">3.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r21 c3">6.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r21 c4">3.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r21 c5">2.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r22" headers="r9 r18 c1">Three or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r22 c2">6.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r22 c3">12.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r22 c4">5.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r22 c5">4.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r23" headers="r9 r18 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r23 c2">0.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r23 c3">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r23 c4">0.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r18 r23 c5">0.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r24" headers="r9 c1">Percentage distribution by number of emergency room visits in the past 12 months</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r25" headers="r9 r24 c1">Zero</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r25 c2">56.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r25 c3">39.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r25 c4">58.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r25 c5">61.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r26" headers="r9 r24 c1">One</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r26 c2">16.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r26 c3">18.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r26 c4">16.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r26 c5">14.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r27" headers="r9 r24 c1">Two</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r27 c2">10.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r27 c3">13.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r27 c4">10.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r27 c5">9.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r28" headers="r9 r24 c1">Three or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r28 c2">15.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r28 c3">25.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r28 c4">13.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r28 c5">13.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r29" headers="r9 r24 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r29 c2">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r29 c3">2.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r29 c4">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r24 r29 c5">1.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r30" headers="r9 c1">Percentage distribution by number of surgeries in the past 12 months</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r31" headers="r9 r30 c1">Zero</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r31 c2">82.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r31 c3">70.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r31 c4">85.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r31 c5">85.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r32" headers="r9 r30 c1">One</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r32 c2">11.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r32 c3">18.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r32 c4">10.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r32 c5">10.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r33" headers="r9 r30 c1">Two</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r33 c2">2.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r33 c3">4.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r33 c4">1.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r33 c5">2.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r34" headers="r9 r30 c1">Three or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r34 c2">2.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r34 c3">5.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r34 c4">2.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r34 c5">1.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r35" headers="r9 r30 c1">Missing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r35 c2">0.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r35 c3">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r35 c4">0.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r30 r35 c5">0.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r36" headers="r9 c1">Percentage reporting services or therapies received <sup>a</sup></th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r37" headers="r9 r36 c1">Physical, occupational, speech</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r37 c2">51.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r37 c3">65.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r37 c4">58.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r37 c5">34.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r38" headers="r9 r36 c1">Respiratory</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r38 c2">13.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r38 c3">26.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r38 c4">12.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r38 c5">7.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r39" headers="r9 r36 c1">Recreational</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r39 c2">12.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r39 c3">15.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r39 c4">14.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r39 c5">9.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r40" headers="r9 r36 c1">Audiology</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r40 c2">22.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r40 c3">34.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r40 c4">24.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r40 c5">13.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r41" headers="r9 r36 c1">Transportation</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r41 c2">19.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r41 c3">19.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r41 c4">19.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r41 c5">19.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r42" headers="r9 r36 c1">Respite care</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r42 c2">7.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r42 c3">9.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r42 c4">8.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r42 c5">5.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r43" headers="r9 r36 c1">Mental health counseling</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r43 c2">13.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r43 c3">11.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r43 c4">14.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r36 r43 c5">13.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r44" headers="r9 c1">Percentage reporting perceived need for services or therapies <sup>a</sup></th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r45" headers="r9 r44 c1">Physical, occupational, speech</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r45 c2">57.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r45 c3">70.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r45 c4">63.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r45 c5">42.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r46" headers="r9 r44 c1">Respiratory</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r46 c2">14.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r46 c3">27.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r46 c4">13.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r46 c5">8.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r47" headers="r9 r44 c1">Recreational</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r47 c2">18.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r47 c3">19.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r47 c4">20.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r47 c5">15.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r48" headers="r9 r44 c1">Audiology</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r48 c2">24.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r48 c3">37.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r48 c4">27.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r48 c5">15.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r49" headers="r9 r44 c1">Transportation</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r49 c2">25.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r49 c3">25.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r49 c4">25.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r49 c5">25.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r50" headers="r9 r44 c1">Respite care</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r50 c2">28.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r50 c3">29.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r50 c4">31.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r50 c5">25.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r51" headers="r9 r44 c1">Mental health counseling</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r51 c2">21.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r51 c3">18.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r51 c4">22.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r44 r51 c5">21.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r52" headers="r9 c1">Percentage reporting unmet need among those with perceived need <sup>a</sup></th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r53" headers="r9 r52 c1">Physical, occupational, speech</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r53 c2">10.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r53 c3">7.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r53 c4">9.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r53 c5">17.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r54" headers="r9 r52 c1">Respiratory</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r54 c2">5.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r54 c3">3.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r54 c4">7.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r54 c5">6.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r55" headers="r9 r52 c1">Recreational</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r55 c2">29.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r55 c3">19.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r55 c4">32.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r55 c5">34.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r56" headers="r9 r52 c1">Audiology</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r56 c2">8.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r56 c3">6.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r56 c4">9.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r56 c5">10.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r57" headers="r9 r52 c1">Transportation</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r57 c2">24.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r57 c3">21.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r57 c4">25.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r57 c5">25.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r58" headers="r9 r52 c1">Respite care</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r58 c2">73.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r58 c3">69.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r58 c4">73.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r58 c5">77.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r59" headers="r9 r52 c1">Mental health counseling</th>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r59 c2">36.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r59 c3">37.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r59 c4">36.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r9 r52 r59 c5">36.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="4" id="r60">Out-of-pocket expenses</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r61" headers="r60 c1">Percentage distribution of presence of out-of-pocket expenses for health care, therapies, services, or equipment</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r62" headers="r60 r61 c1">Yes</th>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r61 r62 c2">31.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r61 r62 c3">38.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r61 r62 c4">30.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r61 r62 c5">30.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r63" headers="r60 r61 c1">No</th>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r61 r63 c2">68.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r61 r63 c3">61.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r61 r63 c4">70.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r61 r63 c5">70.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r64" headers="r60 c1">Percentage distribution by dollar amount of out-of-pocket expenses for doctors, hospitals, medications, and mental and substance abuse services <sup>b</sup></th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r65" headers="r60 r64 c1">0</th>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r65 c2">76.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r65 c3">70.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r65 c4">77.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r65 c5">77.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r66" headers="r60 r64 c1">1–99</th>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r66 c2">7.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r66 c3">7.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r66 c4">7.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r66 c5">7.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r67" headers="r60 r64 c1">100–199</th>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r67 c2">4.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r67 c3">5.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r67 c4">4.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r67 c5">3.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r68" headers="r60 r64 c1">200–499</th>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r68 c2">6.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r68 c3">8.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r68 c4">5.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r68 c5">5.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r69" headers="r60 r64 c1">500–999</th>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r69 c2">3.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r69 c3">4.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r69 c4">3.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r69 c5">2.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r70" headers="r60 r64 c1">1,000 or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r70 c2">2.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r70 c3">3.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r70 c4">1.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r64 r70 c5">3.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r71" headers="r60 c1">Percentage distribution by dollar amount of out-of-pocket expenses for therapies, services, or equipment <sup>c</sup></th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r72" headers="r60 r71 c1">0</th>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r72 c2">85.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r72 c3">80.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r72 c4">85.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r72 c5">86.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r73" headers="r60 r71 c1">1–99</th>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r73 c2">4.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r73 c3">6.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r73 c4">3.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r73 c5">4.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r74" headers="r60 r71 c1">100–199</th>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r74 c2">2.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r74 c3">2.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r74 c4">2.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r74 c5">2.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r75" headers="r60 r71 c1">200–499</th>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r75 c2">3.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r75 c3">4.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r75 c4">3.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r75 c5">3.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r76" headers="r60 r71 c1">500–999</th>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r76 c2">2.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r76 c3">2.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r76 c4">2.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r76 c5">1.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r77" headers="r60 r71 c1">1,000 or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r77 c2">2.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r77 c3">2.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r77 c4">2.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r60 r71 r77 c5">1.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="firstNote" colspan="5">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">a. Sample members may report on more than one category. The categories are not mutually exclusive and exhaustive, and the percentages do not add to 100.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">b. Amount that was paid in past 12 months on physical health care (includes doctor visits, hospital stays, prescription medications) and mental health care (includes both inpatient and outpatient care).</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="lastNote" colspan="5">c. Sample members' total out-of-pocket expenditures for all services or equipment in the past 12 months (includes physical, occupational, or speech therapy; respiratory therapy; recreational therapy; audiology therapy; transportation services; respite care; mental health counseling; and durable medical devices).</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>About 90 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children visited the doctor at least once during the previous <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period (Table 4). Forty-three percent had at least one emergency room visit. Only 18 percent had at least one hospitalization, and 17 percent had at least one surgery during the previous <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period. Health care utilization varied significantly by age group. Thirty percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children aged 0 to 5 had at least one hospitalization (Chart 10) compared with 15 percent of children between the ages of 6 and 17 (authors' calculations based on Table 4). A higher proportion (95 percent) of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children aged 0 to 5 were reported to have had at least one doctor visit during the previous year, compared with 88 percent of children aged 6 to 17 (authors' calculations based on Table 4).</p>
|
|
<div class="chartCenter">
|
|
<div class="chart700" id="chart10">
|
|
<div class="title">Chart 10.<br>Percentage of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> reported to have had at least one doctor visit, hospitalization, emergency room visit, or surgery during the 12 months before the interview, by age group</div>
|
|
<div class="scrollChart"><img src="v66n2p21c10.gif" width="527" height="222" alt="Bar chart with tabular version below." /></div>
|
|
<div class="table altTable"><a class="altToggle" href="">Show as table</a>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table equivalent for Chart 10. </span>Percentage of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> reported to have had at least one doctor visit, hospitalization, emergency room visit, or surgery during the 12 months before the interview, by age group (in percent)</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:8em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="4" style="width:8em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" scope="col">Age group</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Doctor<br>visits</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Hospitalization</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Emergency<br>room<br>visits</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Surgery</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">0–5</th>
|
|
<td>94.5</td>
|
|
<td>30.2</td>
|
|
<td>58.4</td>
|
|
<td>28.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">6–12</th>
|
|
<td>90.2</td>
|
|
<td>15.7</td>
|
|
<td>40.2</td>
|
|
<td>14.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">13–17</th>
|
|
<td>86.0</td>
|
|
<td>14.2</td>
|
|
<td>37.0</td>
|
|
<td>14.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="onlyNote" colspan="5">NOTE: This chart repeats selected data from Table 4. The number of doctor visits, hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and surgeries were not reported for a small number of children in the survey.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="firstNote">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002. See Table 4.</div>
|
|
<div class="lastNote">NOTE: The number of doctor visits, hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and surgeries were not reported for a small number of children in the survey.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>More than half of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children reported receiving physical, occupational, or speech therapy (Table 4). This was the most frequently reported service category. About 23 percent reported receiving audiology therapy, less than 20 percent reported receiving transportation services, and less than 15 percent reported receiving one of the following three categories of services: recreational therapy, respite care services, or mental health counseling.<sup><a href="#mn19" id="mt19">19</a></sup> About 40 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children reported receiving more than one of the seven services or therapies presented in Table 4, with those aged 0 to 5 being the most likely to have received multiple services or therapies and those aged 13 to 17 the least likely (not shown).</p>
|
|
<p>One of the unique features of the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> is that it collects information not only on service utilization but also on perceived need for services. Overall, the reported proportion of children perceived as needing various categories of services ranged from 58 percent for physical, occupational, and speech therapy to 15 percent for respiratory therapy. The ranking of perceived need for services in the various categories did not differ greatly across age groups (Table 4). However, younger children needed physical, occupational, or speech therapy, as well as audiology therapy services, at a much greater rate than did older children. In contrast, the reported frequency of the need for transportation services was about the same for the three age groups, and the perceived need for mental health counseling was somewhat higher in the two older age groups.</p>
|
|
<p>Combining the data on actual service utilization and perceived need for services provides a picture of perceived unmet service needs among <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children. Not all of the children who claimed to need specific services were reported to have received them. For some services, unmet need did not appear to be a major issue. Less than 11 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children with perceived needs for physical, occupational, or speech therapy; respiratory therapy; and audiology therapy did not receive them (Chart 11). However, unmet need appeared to be a more substantial concern with respect to other services. For example, nearly 37 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children who reported needing mental health counseling did not receive that service. The rate for respite care was even higher—the parents or guardians of 74 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children had a perceived need for respite care but did not receive it.</p>
|
|
<div class="chartCenter">
|
|
<div class="chart700" id="chart11">
|
|
<div class="title">Chart 11.<br>Percentage of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> with perceived unmet needs for therapy or service among those with reported needs for therapy or service</div>
|
|
<div class="scrollChart"><img src="v66n2p21c11.gif" width="527" height="222" alt="Bar chart with tabular version below." /></div>
|
|
<div class="table altTable"><a class="altToggle" href="">Show as table</a>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table equivalent for Chart 11. </span>Percentage of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> with perceived unmet needs for therapy or service among those with reported needs for therapy or service</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:15em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:10em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" scope="col">Type of therapy or service</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Percent</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Physical, occupational, speech</th>
|
|
<td>10.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Respiratory</th>
|
|
<td>5.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Recreational</th>
|
|
<td>29.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Audiology</th>
|
|
<td>8.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Transportation</th>
|
|
<td>24.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Respite care</th>
|
|
<td>73.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">Mental health counseling</th>
|
|
<td>36.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="onlyNote" colspan="2">NOTE: This chart repeats selected data from Table 4.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="onlyNote">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002. See Table 4.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Out-of-pocket health care expenses were measured during the 12 months before the survey for doctor visits, hospital stays, and prescription medicines; physical, occupational, speech, respiratory, recreational, and audiology therapies; transportation services; respite care; mental health care or counseling; and durable medical equipment. For more than 68 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children, their parents or guardians did not report any out-of-pocket expenses for the child's health care in those categories during the previous 12 months (Table 4). Among the almost 32 percent who reported out-of-pocket health care expenses in one or more of those categories, the mean amount was $840 and the median was $200 (not shown). Less than 3 percent reported out-of-pocket expenses exceeding $1,000 in either of the two major categories—doctor visits, hospital stays, prescription medications, and mental health care and substance abuse services; and therapies, transportation and respite care services, and durable medical equipment—in the previous 12 months (Chart 12).</p>
|
|
<div class="chartCenter">
|
|
<div class="chart700" id="chart12">
|
|
<div class="title">Chart 12.<br>Distribution of out-of-pocket expenses for health care services, therapies, and equipment among <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children during the 12 months before the interview, by amount and type of expenditure</div>
|
|
<div class="scrollChart"><img src="v66n2p21c12.gif" width="527" height="222" alt="Bar chart with tabular version below." /></div>
|
|
<div class="table altTable"><a class="altToggle" href="">Show as table</a>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table equivalent for Chart 12. </span>Distribution of out-of-pocket expenses for health care services, therapies, and equipment among <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children during the 12 months before the interview, by amount and type of expenditure</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:10em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="2" style="width:10em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" scope="col">Out-of-pocket<br>expenses (dollars)</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Doctors, hospitals,<br>medications, and<br>mental and<br>substance<br>abuse services</th>
|
|
<th scope="col">Therapies, services, and equipment</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">0</th>
|
|
<td>76.0</td>
|
|
<td>85.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">1–99</th>
|
|
<td>7.6</td>
|
|
<td>4.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">100–199</th>
|
|
<td>4.0</td>
|
|
<td>2.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">200–499</th>
|
|
<td>6.2</td>
|
|
<td>3.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0 nobr" scope="row">500–999</th>
|
|
<td>3.4</td>
|
|
<td>2.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" scope="row">1,000 or more</th>
|
|
<td>2.7</td>
|
|
<td>2.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="onlyNote" colspan="3">NOTE: This chart repeats selected data from Table 4.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="onlyNote">SOURCE: National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002. See Table 4.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2>Concluding Observations</h2>
|
|
<p>This article is the first stage of empirical analysis of data from the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>. Although the findings are diverse, we conclude our analysis with two overall observations. First, the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> provides a rich array of information that adds value to the data that can be obtained from <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr>'s administrative records on the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> childhood disability program. Second, the results indicate that disabled children receiving income support from the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> program are an enormously heterogeneous population. This is true on many different dimensions. Most important, the nature and severity of disabling conditions varies substantially. As a result, the financial needs, health care needs, and service needs of the childhood disability caseload also vary substantially. In addition, the family environment of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children varies in ways that are not directly related to the nature and severity of the child's disabling conditions. Some children live in families with a single parent, others in two-parent families or with grandparents. A very high proportion of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children, about half, live in a household with at least one other person reported to have disabilities. While almost half of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children live in families without a wage earner, a nontrivial minority live in families whose earnings represent a large proportion of family income. Because of differences in a broad array of family variables, family income relative to the official poverty threshold also varies greatly.</p>
|
|
<p>This heterogeneity of the population of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children with disabilities presents substantial challenges for the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> program, as well as for the broader safety net serving these children and their families. From this perspective, it is not surprising that the disabled children portion of the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> program has been the subject of controversy and policy debates over the years. <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> is a cash assistance program; however, the diversity of the target population suggests the need to consider a broader array of in-kind programs and services as potential tools for serving the needs of children with disabilities. Thus, research on program interactions, the service needs of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children, and the interaction of the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> program with broader social forces such as labor markets and family dynamics will help to inform the policy debate.</p>
|
|
<p>This need for comprehensive information is a fundamental reason why further research using the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> database is so promising. This article provides a bird's-eye view of the data and only scratches the surface concerning a number of promising research directions. Future research using the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> may focus on topics such as</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>the utilization of special education and other school-based services by <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> disabled children;</li>
|
|
<li>the relationship between various dimensions of disabilities, service needs, and out-of-pocket medical expenses, especially as they pertain to physical and mental disabilities;</li>
|
|
<li>the effects of the child's disability on parental employment and earnings;</li>
|
|
<li>employment outcomes and educational attainment of young adult <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> recipients; and</li>
|
|
<li>the relationship between family structure and labor market variables and <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> financial eligibility for children.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>Given the wealth of information in the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> database, these and other topics can be fruitfully explored in more detailed and focused analyses by researchers of the Social Security Administration, as well as by other analysts in the broader policy evaluation and academic research community. This new data set will contribute to the policy debate by supporting research on the design of more efficient and better-targeted policies to serve the needs of children with disabilities, on the long-term implications of such policies on program cost, on moving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children with disabilities toward financial independence, and on the productive potential of children with disabilities.</p>
|
|
<h2>Appendix</h2>
|
|
<div class="table" id="tableA1">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table <span class="nobr">A-1</span>. </span>Estimated standard errors of selected demographic characteristics of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>, by age of child</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:18em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="4" style="width:6em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" id="c1">Characteristic</th>
|
|
<th id="c2">All ages</th>
|
|
<th id="c3">Aged <span class="nobr">0–5</span></th>
|
|
<th id="c4">Aged <span class="nobr">6–12</span></th>
|
|
<th id="c5">Aged <span class="nobr">13–17</span></th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="4" id="r1">Sex, race, and ethnicity</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r2" headers="r1 c1">Percentage male</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 c2">0.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 c3">2.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 c4">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 c5">1.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r3" headers="r1 c1">Percentage black alone</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r3 c2">2.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r3 c3">3.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r3 c4">2.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r3 c5">3.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r4" headers="r1 c1">Percentage Hispanic</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r4 c2">1.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r4 c3">2.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r4 c4">2.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r4 c5">2.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="4" id="r5">Education</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r6" headers="r5 c1">Percentage currently enrolled in school</th>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r6 c2">0.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r6 c3">1.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r6 c4">0.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r6 c5">0.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r7" headers="r5 c1">Percentage receiving special education</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r8" headers="r5 r7 c1">Ever</th>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r7 r8 c2">1.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r7 r8 c3">2.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r7 r8 c4">1.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r7 r8 c5">1.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r9" headers="r5 r7 c1">In the past 12 months</th>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r7 r9 c2">1.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r7 r9 c3">2.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r7 r9 c4">1.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r7 r9 c5">1.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r10" headers="r5 c1">Percentage with an individual education plan at time of interview</th>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r10 c2">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r10 c3">2.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r10 c4">1.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r5 r10 c5">2.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="4" id="r11">Family and household</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r12" headers="r11 c1">Percentage living with—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r13" headers="r11 r12 c1">Two parents</th>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r12 r13 c2">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r12 r13 c3">2.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r12 r13 c4">1.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r12 r13 c5">1.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r14" headers="r11 r12 c1">Mother only</th>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r12 r14 c2">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r12 r14 c3">2.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r12 r14 c4">1.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r12 r14 c5">1.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r15" headers="r11 c1">Percentage in—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r16" headers="r11 r15 c1">Two-person household</th>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r15 r16 c2">0.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r15 r16 c3">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r15 r16 c4">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r15 r16 c5">0.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r17" headers="r11 r15 c1">Three- or four-person household</th>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r15 r17 c2">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r15 r17 c3">2.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r15 r17 c4">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r15 r17 c5">1.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r18" headers="r11 c1">Percentage with—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r19" headers="r11 r18 c1">One person under age 18 in household</th>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r18 r19 c2">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r18 r19 c3">1.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r18 r19 c4">1.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r18 r19 c5">1.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r20" headers="r11 r18 c1">Five or more persons under age 18 in household</th>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r18 r20 c2">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r18 r20 c3">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r18 r20 c4">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r18 r20 c5">0.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r21" headers="r11 c1">Percentage living with other household member with disability</th>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r21 c2">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r21 c3">2.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r21 c4">1.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r11 r21 c5">1.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="firstNote" colspan="5">SOURCE: Authors' calculations from the National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="lastNote" colspan="5">NOTE: The standard errors were calculated using a Taylor-series linearization, which accounts for the complex sample design of the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="table" id="tableA2">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table <span class="nobr">A-2</span>. </span>Estimated standard errors of selected variables for monthly family income, assets, and debt of parents or guardians among children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>, by age of child</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:18em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="4" style="width:6em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" id="c1">Characteristic</th>
|
|
<th id="c2">All ages</th>
|
|
<th id="c3">Aged <span class="nobr">0–5</span></th>
|
|
<th id="c4">Aged <span class="nobr">6–12</span></th>
|
|
<th id="c5">Aged <span class="nobr">13–17</span></th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="4" id="r1">Income</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r2" headers="r1 c1">Total family income</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r3" headers="r1 r2 c1">Percentage with less than $1,000</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c2">1.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c3">2.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c4">1.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c5">1.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r4" headers="r1 r2 c1">Percentage with $2,000 or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c2">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c3">2.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c4">1.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c5">1.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r5" headers="r1 r2 c1">Mean among all children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r5 c2">35.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r5 c3">57.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r5 c4">47.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r5 c5">42.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r6" headers="r1 c1">Total <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> benefits of family <sup>a</sup></th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r7" headers="r1 r6 c1">Percentage with less than $300</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r6 r7 c2">0.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r6 r7 c3">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r6 r7 c4">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r6 r7 c5">0.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r8" headers="r1 r6 c1">Percentage with $900 or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r6 r8 c2">0.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r6 r8 c3">1.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r6 r8 c4">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r6 r8 c5">1.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r9" headers="r1 r6 c1">Mean among recipients (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r6 r9 c2">10.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r6 r9 c3">18.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r6 r9 c4">13.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r6 r9 c5">15.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r10" headers="r1 c1">Earnings of parent or guardian</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r11" headers="r1 r10 c1">Percentage with no earnings</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r10 r11 c2">1.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r10 r11 c3">1.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r10 r11 c4">1.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r10 r11 c5">1.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r12" headers="r1 r10 c1">Percentage earning $1,500 or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r10 r12 c2">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r10 r12 c3">2.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r10 r12 c4">1.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r10 r12 c5">1.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r13" headers="r1 r10 c1">Mean among those with earnings (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r10 r13 c2">41.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r10 r13 c3">77.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r10 r13 c4">54.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r10 r13 c5">59.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r14" headers="r1 c1">Social Security income of family</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r15" headers="r1 r14 c1">Percentage receiving</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r14 r15 c2">0.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r14 r15 c3">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r14 r15 c4">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r14 r15 c5">0.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r16" headers="r1 r14 c1">Mean among recipients (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r14 r16 c2">20.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r14 r16 c3">54.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r14 r16 c4">36.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r14 r16 c5">23.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r17" headers="r1 c1">Other public assistance of family <sup>b</sup></th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r18" headers="r1 r17 c1">Percentage receiving</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r17 r18 c2">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r17 r18 c3">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r17 r18 c4">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r17 r18 c5">1.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r19" headers="r1 r17 c1">Mean among recipients (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r17 r19 c2">21.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r17 r19 c3">29.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r17 r19 c4">31.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r17 r19 c5">32.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r20" headers="r1 c1">Average share of family income from—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r21" headers="r1 r20 c1">Earnings of parent or guardian</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r20 r21 c2">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r20 r21 c3">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r20 r21 c4">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r20 r21 c5">1.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r22" headers="r1 r20 c1"><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr></th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r20 r22 c2">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r20 r22 c3">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r20 r22 c4">1.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r20 r22 c5">1.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r23" headers="r1 c1">Poverty status of family</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r24" headers="r1 r23 c1">Percentage in poverty</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 c2">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 c3">2.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 c4">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r24 c5">1.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r25" headers="r1 r23 c1">Percentage below 50% of poverty threshold</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r25 c2">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r25 c3">1.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r25 c4">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r25 c5">1.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r26" headers="r1 r23 c1">Percentage above 200% of poverty threshold</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r26 c2">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r26 c3">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r26 c4">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r23 r26 c5">1.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r27" headers="r1 c1">In-kind transfers of family</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r28" headers="r1 r27 c1">Food stamps</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r29" headers="r1 r27 r28 c1">Percentage receiving</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r28 r29 c2">1.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r28 r29 c3">2.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r28 r29 c4">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r28 r29 c5">1.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r30" headers="r1 r27 r28 c1">Mean among recipients (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r28 r30 c2">6.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r28 r30 c3">14.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r28 r30 c4">9.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r28 r30 c5">8.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r31" headers="r1 r27 c1">Housing assistance (percentage receiving)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r31 c2">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r31 c3">1.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r31 c4">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r31 c5">1.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r32" headers="r1 r27 c1">Energy assistance (percentage receiving)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r32 c2">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r32 c3">1.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r32 c4">1.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r27 r32 c5">1.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="4" id="r33">Assets and debt</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r34" headers="r33 c1">Total liquid assets of parent or guardian <sup>c</sup></th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r35" headers="r33 r34 c1">Percentage with no assets</th>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r34 r35 c2">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r34 r35 c3">2.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r34 r35 c4">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r34 r35 c5">1.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r36" headers="r33 r34 c1">Percentage with $3,000 or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r34 r36 c2">0.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r34 r36 c3">1.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r34 r36 c4">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r34 r36 c5">0.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r37" headers="r33 r34 c1">Mean among all children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> (dollars)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r34 r37 c2">167.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r34 r37 c3">424.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r34 r37 c4">199.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r34 r37 c5">237.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r38" headers="r33 c1">Total debt of parent or guardian <sup>d</sup></th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r39" headers="r33 r38 c1">Percentage with no debt</th>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r38 r39 c2">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r38 r39 c3">2.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r38 r39 c4">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r38 r39 c5">1.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r40" headers="r33 r38 c1">Percentage with debt of $5,001 or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r38 r40 c2">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r38 r40 c3">1.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r38 r40 c4">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r38 r40 c5">1.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r41" headers="r33 c1">Assets owned by parent or guardian (percentage owning)</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r42" headers="r33 r41 c1">Home</th>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r42 c2">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r42 c3">2.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r42 c4">1.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r42 c5">1.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r43" headers="r33 r41 c1">Vehicle</th>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r43 c2">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r43 c3">2.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r43 c4">1.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r43 c5">2.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r44" headers="r33 r41 c1">Investments <sup>e</sup></th>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r44 c2">0.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r44 c3">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r44 c4">0.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r44 c5">0.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r45" headers="r33 r41 c1">Checking account</th>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r45 c2">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r45 c3">2.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r45 c4">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r45 c5">1.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r46" headers="r33 r41 c1">Savings account</th>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r46 c2">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r46 c3">2.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r46 c4">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r33 r41 r46 c5">1.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="firstNote" colspan="5">SOURCE: Authors' calculations from the National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">NOTES: The standard errors were calculated using a Taylor-series linearization, which accounts for the complex sample design of the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>.
|
|
<div class="newNote">All income amounts reported in this table are monthly values. Information on assets and debt refer to the month before the interview or the month of the interview.</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">a. Data on Supplemental Security Income (<abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>) is restricted to families reporting <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> receipt. Although the sample was drawn from the population of child <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> recipients, 7 percent reported that they were no longer receiving income support at the time they were interviewed.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">b. "Other public assistance" includes Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (formerly Aid to Families with Dependent Children), general assistance or relief, and other welfare payments received by family members.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">c. "Total liquid assets of parent or guardian" includes checking accounts, savings accounts, stocks, notes, certificates of deposit, mutual funds, bonds, cash, household items valued in excess of $500, burial accounts, and other assets. This variable does not include the value of the home or vehicles.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">d. "Total debt of parent or guardian" includes debt from credit cards, medical debts, and loans. It excludes vehicle debt and mortgage.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="lastNote" colspan="5">e. "Investments" refers to stocks, mutual funds, bonds, certificates of deposit, and notes.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="table" id="tableA3">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table <span class="nobr">A-3</span>. </span>Estimated standard errors of selected characteristics of disability and health status of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children, by age of child</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:18em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="4" style="width:6em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" id="c1">Characteristic</th>
|
|
<th id="c2">All ages</th>
|
|
<th id="c3">Aged <span class="nobr">0–5</span></th>
|
|
<th id="c4">Aged <span class="nobr">6–12</span></th>
|
|
<th id="c5">Aged <span class="nobr">13–17</span></th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r1" headers="c1">Percentage with <sup>a</sup>—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r2" headers="r1 c1">Any physical disability</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 c2">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 c3">1.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 c4">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 c5">1.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r3" headers="r1 c1">Mental disability (other than mental retardation)</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r3 c2">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r3 c3">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r3 c4">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r3 c5">1.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r4" headers="c1">Percentage with reported general health status as—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r5" headers="r4 c1">Poor or fair</th>
|
|
<td headers="r4 r5 c2">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r4 r5 c3">2.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r4 r5 c4">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r4 r5 c5">1.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r6" headers="r4 c1">Very good or excellent</th>
|
|
<td headers="r4 r6 c2">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r4 r6 c3">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r4 r6 c4">1.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r4 r6 c5">1.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r7" headers="c1">Percentage with severity of health condition reported as—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r8" headers="r7 c1">High</th>
|
|
<td headers="r7 r8 c2">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r7 r8 c3">2.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r7 r8 c4">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r7 r8 c5">1.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r9" headers="r7 c1">Mild or not reporting a health condition</th>
|
|
<td headers="r7 r9 c2">0.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r7 r9 c3">1.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r7 r9 c4">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r7 r9 c5">1.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r10" headers="c1">Functional limitations</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r11" headers="r10 c1">Percentage needing help—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r12" headers="r10 r11 c1">Getting in or out of bed</th>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r12 c2">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r12 c3">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r12 c4">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r12 c5">0.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r13" headers="r10 r11 c1">Getting around inside home</th>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r13 c2">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r13 c3">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r13 c4">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r13 c5">0.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r14" headers="r10 r11 c1">Using or getting to the toilet</th>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r14 c2">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r14 c3">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r14 c4">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r14 c5">1.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r15" headers="r10 r11 c1">Eating</th>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r15 c2">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r15 c3">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r15 c4">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r15 c5">0.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r16" headers="r10 r11 c1">Bathing or showering</th>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r16 c2">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r16 c3">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r16 c4">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r16 c5">1.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r17" headers="r10 r11 c1">Dressing</th>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r17 c2">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r17 c3">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r17 c4">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r11 r17 c5">1.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r18" headers="r10 c1">Percentage with—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r19" headers="r10 r18 c1">Zero limitations</th>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r18 r19 c2">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r18 r19 c3">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r18 r19 c4">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r18 r19 c5">1.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub2" id="r20" headers="r10 r18 c1">Three to six limitations</th>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r18 r20 c2">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r18 r20 c3">b</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r18 r20 c4">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r10 r18 r20 c5">1.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r21" headers="c1">Percentage reported by parent or guardian that disability affects ability to do things—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r22" headers="r21 c1">A great deal</th>
|
|
<td headers="r21 r22 c2">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r21 r22 c3">1.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r21 r22 c4">1.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r21 r22 c5">1.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r23" headers="r21 c1">Very little or no disability reported</th>
|
|
<td headers="r21 r23 c2">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r21 r23 c3">1.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r21 r23 c4">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r21 r23 c5">1.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="firstNote" colspan="5">SOURCE: Authors' calculations from the National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">NOTE: The standard errors were calculated using a Taylor-series linearization, which accounts for the complex sample design of the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">a. Up to three health problems or conditions were coded in the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>. Because sample members can have more than one health problem or condition, the disability categories are not mutually exclusive.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="lastNote" colspan="5">b. Data on functional limitations were collected only for <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> sample members aged 6 or older.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="table" id="tableA4">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<caption><span class="tableNumber">Table <span class="nobr">A-4</span>. </span>Estimated standard error of variables for health insurance, health service utilization, and out-of-pocket expenses among children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>, by age of child</caption>
|
|
<colgroup span="1" style="width:19em"></colgroup>
|
|
<colgroup span="4" style="width:6em"></colgroup>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stubHeading" id="c1">Characteristic</th>
|
|
<th id="c2">All ages</th>
|
|
<th id="c3">Aged <span class="nobr">0–5</span></th>
|
|
<th id="c4">Aged <span class="nobr">6–12</span></th>
|
|
<th id="c5">Aged <span class="nobr">13–17</span></th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="4" id="r1">Health insurance</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r2" headers="r1 c1">Percentage with specified type of insurance</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r3" headers="r1 r2 c1">Medicaid</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c2">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c3">1.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c4">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r3 c5">1.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r4" headers="r1 r2 c1">SCHIP</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c2">1.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c3">2.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c4">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r4 c5">1.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r5" headers="r1 r2 c1">Private</th>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r5 c2">0.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r5 c3">1.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r5 c4">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r1 r2 r5 c5">1.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="4" id="r6">Health service utilization</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r7" headers="r6 c1">Percentage with doctor visits in the past 12 months numbering—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r8" headers="r6 r7 c1">Two or less</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r7 r8 c2">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r7 r8 c3">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r7 r8 c4">1.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r7 r8 c5">1.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r9" headers="r6 r7 c1">Five or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r7 r9 c2">1.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r7 r9 c3">1.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r7 r9 c4">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r7 r9 c5">1.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r10" headers="r6 c1">Percentage with at least one hospitalization in the past 12 months</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r10 c2">0.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r10 c3">1.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r10 c4">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r10 c5">1.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r11" headers="r6 c1">Percentage with emergency room visits in the past 12 months numbering—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r12" headers="r6 r11 c1">Zero</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r11 r12 c2">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r11 r12 c3">2.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r11 r12 c4">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r11 r12 c5">1.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r13" headers="r6 r11 c1">Three or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r11 r13 c2">0.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r11 r13 c3">2.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r11 r13 c4">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r11 r13 c5">0.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r14" headers="r6 c1">Percentage with at least one surgery in the past 12 months</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r14 c2">0.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r14 c3">2.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r14 c4">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r14 c5">0.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r15" headers="r6 c1">Percentage receiving specified services or therapies</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r16" headers="r6 r15 c1">Physical, occupational, speech</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r16 c2">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r16 c3">2.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r16 c4">1.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r16 c5">1.3</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r17" headers="r6 r15 c1">Respiratory</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r17 c2">0.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r17 c3">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r17 c4">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r17 c5">0.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r18" headers="r6 r15 c1">Transportation</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r18 c2">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r18 c3">2.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r18 c4">1.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r18 c5">1.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r19" headers="r6 r15 c1">Respite care</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r19 c2">0.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r19 c3">1.5</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r19 c4">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r19 c5">0.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r20" headers="r6 r15 c1">Mental health counseling</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r20 c2">0.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r20 c3">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r20 c4">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r15 r20 c5">1.0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r21" headers="r6 c1">Percentage with perceived need for specified services or therapies</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r22" headers="r6 r21 c1">Physical, occupational, speech</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r22 c2">1.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r22 c3">2.3</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r22 c4">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r22 c5">1.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r23" headers="r6 r21 c1">Respiratory</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r23 c2">0.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r23 c3">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r23 c4">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r23 c5">0.8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r24" headers="r6 r21 c1">Transportation</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r24 c2">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r24 c3">2.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r24 c4">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r24 c5">1.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r25" headers="r6 r21 c1">Respite care</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r25 c2">1.1</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r25 c3">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r25 c4">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r25 c5">1.4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r26" headers="r6 r21 c1">Mental health counseling</th>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r26 c2">0.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r26 c3">1.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r26 c4">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r6 r21 r26 c5">1.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<th class="panel" colspan="4" id="r27">Out-of-pocket expenses</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r28" headers="r27 c1">Percentage with any out-of-pocket expenses for health care, therapies, services, or equipment</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 c2">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 c3">1.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 c4">1.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r28 c5">1.5</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r29" headers="r27 c1">Percentage with amount of out-of-pocket expenses for doctors, hospitals, medications, and mental and substance abuse services as <sup>a</sup>—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r30" headers="r27 r29 c1">$0</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r29 r30 c2">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r29 r30 c3">1.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r29 r30 c4">1.4</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r29 r30 c5">1.6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r31" headers="r27 r29 c1">$200 or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r29 r31 c2">0.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r29 r31 c3">1.7</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r29 r31 c4">0.9</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r29 r31 c5">1.2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr class="topPad1">
|
|
<th class="stub0" id="r32" headers="r27 c1">Percentage with amount of out-of-pocket expenses for therapies, services, or equipment as <sup>b</sup>—</th>
|
|
<td colspan="4"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r33" headers="r27 r32 c1">$0</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r32 r33 c2">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r32 r33 c3">1.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r32 r33 c4">1.0</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r32 r33 c5">1.1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th class="stub1" id="r34" headers="r27 r32 c1">$200 or more</th>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r32 r34 c2">0.6</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r32 r34 c3">1.2</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r32 r34 c4">0.8</td>
|
|
<td headers="r27 r32 r34 c5">0.7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="firstNote" colspan="5">SOURCE: Authors' calculations from the National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families (<abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>), interviews conducted between July 2001 and June 2002.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">NOTE: The standard errors were calculated using a Taylor-series linearization, which accounts for the complex sample design of the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>.</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="note" colspan="5">a. Amount that was paid in past 12 months on physical health care (includes doctor visits, hospital stays, and prescription medications) and mental health care (includes inpatient and outpatient care).</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="lastNote" colspan="5">b. Sample members' total out-of-pocket expenditures for all services or equipment in the past 12 months (includes physical, occupational, or speech therapy; respiratory therapy; recreational therapy; audiology therapy; transportation services; respite care; mental health counseling; and durable medical devices).</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="notes">
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<h2>Notes</h2>
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<p> <a href="#mt1" id="mn1">1</a>. In December 2000, almost 13,000 children in the Supplemental Security Income (<abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>) program, or 1.5 percent of the childhood caseload, lived in Medicaid institutions.</p>
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<p> <a href="#mt2" id="mn2">2</a>. Mathematica Policy Research, <abbr title="Incorporated">Inc.</abbr>, developed and implemented the survey under a competitively awarded contract with the Social Security Administration. The <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> questionnaire, User's Manual, and Public-Use File are available at <a href="/disabilityresearch/nscf.htm">http://www.socialsecurity.gov/disabilityresearch/nscf.htm</a>.</p>
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<p> <a href="#mt3" id="mn3">3</a>. <i>Moral hazard</i> in this context refers to the incentive that applicants face to exaggerate the severity of disabilities in order to increase the probability of a successful award. The concept of moral hazard refers to an important technical term in economics denoting circumstances conducive to opportunistic behavior. (See Eatwell, Milgate, and Newman, 1991, Volume 3: 549–551.)</p>
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<p> <a href="#mt4" id="mn4">4</a>. We calculate age as of December 2000, which corresponds to the point of sample selection. At the time of the interview, between July 2001 and June 2002, these sample members were 6 months to 18 months older. Thus, some of the sample members will have aged out of the younger age groups (0–5, 6–12) and into the older age group (13–17) by the time of the interview. Also, some of the sample members will have aged out of our sample completely (that is, reached the age of 18). In addition, we define children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> (or <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children) as those who received an <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> payment in December 2000. By the time of the interview, a small proportion of these children were no longer receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> support. Unless otherwise noted, we use these sample definitions throughout the article.</p>
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<p> <a href="#mt5" id="mn5">5</a>. Other important groups in the survey universe include young adults receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> at the time of the survey, children and young adults receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> at the time of welfare reform, and former <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> recipients and denied applicants. Davies and Rupp (2005/2006) provide additional details.</p>
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<p> <a href="#mt6" id="mn6">6</a>. The characteristics of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children based on administrative data are presented in two annual reports by <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr>'s Office of Policy: <i>Children Receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr></i> and the <i><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Annual Statistical Report</i>. Both reports are available at <a href="/policy/index.html">http://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy</a>.</p>
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<p> <a href="#mt7" id="mn7">7</a>. Tables 1 through 4 provide means, percentages, and percentage distributions for the characteristics discussed in the article. Appendix Tables 1 through 4 provide standard errors for selected characteristics presented in Tables 1 through 4. The standard errors in the appendix tables were calculated using a Taylor-series linearization, which accounts for the complex sample design of the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>.</p>
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<p> <a href="#mt8" id="mn8">8</a>. Ireys and others (2004, 21) report that the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> estimate of the proportion of children receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> who were classified as "Black/African American" is substantially and statistically significantly higher than corresponding estimates from three national surveys, including the Survey of Income and Program Participation (<abbr>SIPP</abbr>). Correspondingly, the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> estimate of the proportion classified as "White" is lower. We believe that the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> estimate is superior for two reasons. First, <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children are sampled from <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> administrative records, which provide a much more accurate measure of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> recipient status than the other three surveys in which <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> recipient status may be measured with substantial error. This is important because of the statistical association between race and <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> recipient status. Our interpretation is supported by the fact that once <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> recipient status is established by <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> administrative records rather than by survey reporting, the <abbr>SIPP</abbr> estimate of the percentage classified as "Black" comes fairly close to the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> estimate. Using <abbr>SIPP</abbr> data matched to <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> records, Table 35 in <i><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Annual Statistical Report, 2004</i> (2005, 85) reports that 43 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children are "Black." Second, according to Ireys and others (2004, Appendix Table 1), the questionnaire item on race in each of the other three surveys lists "White" first; however, the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> questionnaire, following <abbr class="spell">OMB</abbr> guidelines, lists "White" as the last specific race category. Listing "White" first may result in an underestimate of the proportions in the other race categories.</p>
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<p> <a href="#mt9" id="mn9">9</a>. Note that a small portion of cases (about 6 percent) had a missing value on this variable. In general, the percentages in the text were expressed relative to the total and therefore were lower-bound estimates of the unobserved true sample proportions.</p>
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<p><a href="#mt10" id="mn10">10</a>. The individual education plan (<abbr class="spell">IEP</abbr>) is a written plan for educational services, which is developed for students with special needs.</p>
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<p><a href="#mt11" id="mn11">11</a>. To simplify the presentation, the charts in this article do not show the percentage of respondents with missing data for the variable of interest. In most cases, the percentage of respondents with missing data for a given variable is quite small. Readers are referred to the tables for details on the missing data for the relevant variables.</p>
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<p><a href="#mt12" id="mn12">12</a>. The median total <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> payment for the family of a child receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> overall and for all three age groups was $531 (Table 2). This equals the federal benefit rate (<abbr class="spell">FBR</abbr>) in 2001 for individual units. The average, of course, is higher but does not reach the level of the <abbr class="spell">FBR</abbr> for couples in 2001 ($796).</p>
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<p><a href="#mt13" id="mn13">13</a>. The definition of total liquid assets includes the value of checking accounts, savings accounts, stocks, notes, certificates of deposit, mutual funds, bonds, cash, household items valued in excess of $500, burial accounts, and other assets. The values of the home and vehicles of parents or guardians are excluded from this measure.</p>
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<p><a href="#mt14" id="mn14">14</a>. The fact that almost 9 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children in the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> had parents or guardians with $3,000 or more in reported assets might seem puzzling, given that the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> resource threshold is $2,000 for individuals and $3,000 for couples. Several factors explain this puzzle. First, the measure of assets reported here included items such as household goods and burial funds that would be at least partially excluded when calculating <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> resource eligibility. If those items were removed from the assets of parents or guardians, only 4.3 percent would have reported assets of $3,000 or more. Second, reporting error and imputation error may have affected the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> estimates of parent or guardian assets. If all cases were excluded for which total parent or guardian assets were imputed, only 5.3 percent would have reported assets of $3,000 or more. If household items, burial funds, and imputed cases were removed, only 2.7 percent would have reported assets of $3,000 or more.</p>
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<p><a href="#mt15" id="mn15">15</a>. The distribution of disabilities reported by <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> respondents differed from <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> administrative data on disability diagnosis for the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> sample members in two major areas: the percentage reporting mental retardation and the percentage reporting a physical disability. Compared with the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> data presented in Table 3, <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> administrative data identified 61.8 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children with a mental disability (including 32.5 percent with mental retardation and 29.2 percent with a mental disability other than mental retardation), 25.4 percent with a physical disability, 7.7 percent with a disability other than mental or physical, and 5.1 percent with a missing disability diagnosis code. If the children identified as mentally retarded in <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> administrative data were removed from the sample, the distribution of disabilities in the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> matched very closely the distribution of disabilities in <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> administrative data. This finding might suggest that some respondents were reluctant to report that their child was mentally retarded or that they did not consider mental retardation to be a health condition.</p>
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<p><a href="#mt16" id="mn16">16</a>. These questions were based on standard survey definitions of functional limitations and did not necessarily reflect program definitions.</p>
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<p><a href="#mt17" id="mn17">17</a>. Ireys and others (2004, 30) find substantially higher percentages of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children who were reported to have had functional limitations than those that we found here. The differences in the estimates are primarily because of different definitions of the analysis sample. Our analysis of the data shows that Ireys and others (2004) reported the percentage of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children with a given functional limitation conditional on reporting the presence of any functional limitation. This is not documented in their report, and it gives the (false) impression that a very large fraction of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children have functional limitations. We correctly present the unconditional percentage of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children with a given functional limitation.</p>
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<p><a href="#mt18" id="mn18">18</a>. Ireys and others (2004, 40) report that the estimated proportion of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children with Medicaid coverage is substantially higher than the corresponding estimates from three major national surveys. All of these differences are statistically significant. We believe that the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> numbers are more accurate for two reasons. First, as previously noted, the measurement of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> recipient status is more accurate in the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr>. Second, the <i><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Annual Statistical Report, 2004</i> (2005, 85) reports that 93 percent of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children are covered by Medicaid, a number slightly higher than the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> estimate. The 93 percent figure was derived from <abbr>SIPP</abbr> data that were matched to <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr> administrative records. A logical edit was applied to assign Medicaid coverage to <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> children in states in which all <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> recipients are categorically eligible for <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>.</p>
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<p><a href="#mt19" id="mn19">19</a>. Respite care services are services provided to parents or other family members to allow them to take a break from the daily responsibilities associated with caring for a child with disabilities.</p>
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</div>
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<div id="references">
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<h2>References</h2>
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<p>Davies, Paul S., and Kalman Rupp. 2005/2006. "An Overview of the National Survey of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Children and Families and Related Products." <i>Social Security Bulletin</i> <span class="nobr">66(2)</span>: <span class="nobr">7–20</span>.</p>
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<p>Eatwell, John, Murray Milgate, and Peter Newman, <abbr title="editors">eds.</abbr> 1991. <i>The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics</i>. New York: Stockton Press.</p>
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<p>Huynh, Minh, Kalman Rupp, and James Sears. 2002. <i>The Assessment of Survey of Income and Program Participation (<abbr class="spell">SIPP</abbr>) Benefit Data Using Longitudinal Administrative Records</i>. <abbr class="spell">SIPP</abbr> Working Paper <abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> 238. Washington, DC: Census Bureau.</p>
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<p>Ireys, Henry, Daniel Kasprzyk, Ama Takyi, and Jennifer Gillcrist. 2004. <i>Estimating the Size and Characteristics of the <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Child Population: A Comparison Between the <abbr class="spell">NSCF</abbr> and Three National Surveys</i>. Princeton, <abbr title="New Jersey">NJ</abbr>: Mathematica Policy Research.</p>
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<p>Koenig, Melissa, and Kalman Rupp. 2003/2004. "<abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Recipients in Households and Families with Multiple Recipients: Prevalence and Poverty Outcomes." <i>Social Security Bulletin</i> <span class="nobr">65(2)</span>: <span class="nobr">14–27</span>.</p>
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<p>Scott, Charles G. 1999. "Identifying the Race or Ethnicity of <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Recipients." <i>Social Security Bulletin</i> <span class="nobr">62(4)</span>: <span class="nobr">9–20</span>.</p>
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<p>Social Security Administration. 2005. <i>Children Receiving <abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr>, 2004</i>. Washington, DC: <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr>.</p>
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<p><span class="nobr">———</span>. 2005. <i><abbr class="spell">SSI</abbr> Annual Statistical Report, 2004</i>. Washington, DC: <abbr class="spell">SSA</abbr>.</p>
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