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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Europe, 2018</h1>
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<h1>Sweden</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00&nbsp;= 8.19&nbsp;kronor.</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1913.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1962 (national insurance); 1998 (pensions), implemented in 1999; 2000 (pensions); 2008 (sickness); and 2010 (social insurance), implemented in 2011.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Universal, social insurance, notional defined contribution (<abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>), and mandatory individual account system.</p>
<p>Note: The social insurance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension system covers employed and self-employed persons born before 1938 (contributions can no longer be made to this system). There is a gradual transition from the earnings-related social insurance system to the <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account system for persons born from 1938 to 1953.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Universal:</span> Residents of Sweden.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social insurance (disability):</span> Employed and self-employed persons.</p>
<p><span class="h4"><abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>:</span> Employed and self-employed persons born since 1954. Special transition rules apply to those born from 1938 to 1953.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Mandatory individual account:</span> Employed and self-employed persons.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (disability):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5"><abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account:</span> 7% of assessable income (old age) plus an average of 0.030% of the <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> account value (2016) and an average of 0.35% of the mandatory individual account value (2016) for administrative fees; an additional cost for voluntary survivor benefits under the mandatory individual account program.</p>
<p>The minimum annual income used to calculate contributions is 19,247&nbsp;kronor.</p>
<p>The maximum annual income used to calculate contributions is 504,375&nbsp;kronor.</p>
<p>Of the combined insured person and employer contributions for old age (17.21%), 2.5% finances the mandatory individual account.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (disability):</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
<p><span class="h5"><abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account:</span> 17.21% of assessable income (old age) plus 0.70% (survivors) plus an average of 0.030% of the <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> account value (2016) and an average of 0.35% of the mandatory individual account value (2016) for administrative fees; an additional cost for voluntary survivor benefits under mandatory individual account program.</p>
<p>The minimum annual income used to calculate contributions is 19,247&nbsp;kronor.</p>
<p>The maximum annual income used to calculate contributions is 504,375&nbsp;kronor.</p>
<p>Of the self-employed person's contributions for old age, 2.5% finances the mandatory individual account.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (disability):</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
<p><span class="h5"><abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account:</span> 10.21% of payroll (old age) and 0.70% of payroll (survivors).</p>
<p>Of the combined insured person and employer contributions, 2.5% finances the premium pension (mandatory individual account).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal:</span> The total cost.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (disability):</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
<p><span class="h5"><abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr> and mandatory individual account:</span> Contributes as an employer; pays contributions for persons receiving sickness or disability benefits, student aid, or cash parental benefits.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (&aring;lderspension):</span> The pension consists of an income pension, a premium pension, and a guarantee pension.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Income pension (inkomstpension, <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> The retirement age is flexible, beginning at age&nbsp;61. The insured must have at least three years with annual earnings of at least the minimum earnings used to calculate contributions for each year.</p>
<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate contributions in 2018 is 19,247&nbsp;kronor.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Premium pension (premiepension, mandatory individual account):</span> The retirement age is flexible, beginning at age&nbsp;61. The insured must have at least three years with annual earnings of at least the minimum earnings used to calculate contributions for each year.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Guarantee pension (garantipension, universal, income tested):</span> Age&nbsp;65 with at least 40&nbsp;years of residence from age&nbsp;16 to age&nbsp;64.</p>
<p>Income test: The guarantee pension is subject to recovery if the insured receives monthly income from earnings-related pensions (including the income pension, premium pension, widow's pension, and foreign pensions) exceeding a certain amount.</p>
<p>Partial pension: A reduced guarantee pension is paid with at least three but less than 40&nbsp;years of residence from age&nbsp;16 to age&nbsp;64.</p>
<p>The <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is payable abroad.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (sjukersattning):</span> The pension consists of an earnings-related pension and a guarantee pension.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Earnings-related pension (inkomstrelaterad sjukers&auml;ttning, social insurance):</span> Must be aged&nbsp;19 to 64 and have a total (100%) loss of work capacity, and have at least one year of covered income in Sweden within a certain period.</p>
<p>Partial disability: A reduced pension is paid if the insured is aged&nbsp;30 to 64 with an assessed loss of work capacity of 25%, 50%, or 75%. The partial disability pension is not available to insured persons aged&nbsp;19 to 29.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Guarantee pension (garantiers&auml;ttning, universal, income tested):</span> Must be aged&nbsp;19 to 64, have a total (100%) loss of work capacity, be covered when the disability began, and have at least 40&nbsp;years of residence from age&nbsp;16 to age&nbsp;64. (Years of residence are credited for the period from the date the disability began to the age&nbsp;65.)</p>
<p>Income test: The guarantee pension is subject to recovery if the insured receives an earnings-related pension.</p>
<p>Partial pension: A reduced guarantee pension is paid with at least three but less than 40&nbsp;years of residence from age&nbsp;16 to age&nbsp;64 (including years credited from the date the disability began to age&nbsp;65).</p>
<p>Partial disability: A reduced pension is paid if the insured is aged&nbsp;30 to 64 with an assessed loss of work capacity of 25%, 50%, or 75%. The partial disability pension is not available to insured persons aged&nbsp;19 to 29.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance supplement (handikappers&auml;ttning): Paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
<p>The earnings-related disability pension is payable abroad. The guarantee disability pension is payable abroad to insured persons living in the European Union, European Economic Area, Switzerland, and, under certain conditions, Canada.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Widow's pension (&auml;nkepension, social insurance):</span> Paid to women born in 1944 or earlier who were married to the deceased before January&nbsp;1, 1990, and met the qualifying conditions at the date of death. Transitional rules apply to women born in 1945 or later and who were married to the deceased before January&nbsp;1, 1990, until the date of the deceased's death, and met the qualifying conditions on December&nbsp;31, 1989, and at the date of the deceased's death. The deceased must have had at least three years of income in Sweden within a given period. Widows younger than age&nbsp;65 may receive an adjustment pension. Under certain circumstances, when the spouse's adjustment pension ceases a widow may receive a widow's pension.</p>
<p>Supplement for young widows: Paid to eligible widows younger than age&nbsp;65.</p>
<p>The widow's pension is payable abroad.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Spouse's adjustment pension (omst&auml;llningspension):</span> The pension consists of an earnings-related pension and a guarantee pension.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Earnings-related pension (inkomstrelaterad omst&auml;llningspension, <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> The deceased was a pensioner or had a notional account balance.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Guarantee pension (garantiepension till omst&auml;llningspension, universal, income tested):</span> The deceased had at least 40&nbsp;years of residence from age&nbsp;16 to age&nbsp;64. (Years of residence are credited for the period from the date of death to age&nbsp;65.)</p>
<p>Income test: The guarantee pension is subject to recovery if the insured receives an earnings-related pension.</p>
<p>Partial pension: A reduced guarantee pension is paid if the deceased had at least three but less than 40&nbsp;years of residence from age&nbsp;16 to age&nbsp;64 (including years of residence credited for the period from the date of death to age&nbsp;65).</p>
<p>Eligible survivors (for earnings-related pension and guarantee pension) include a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or civil partner (or a cohabiting partner who had a child with the deceased or was previously married to or a civil partnership the deceased) younger than age&nbsp;65 who lived with the deceased for at least five consecutive years immediately before the death or was caring for a child younger than age&nbsp;18 at the time of the death.</p>
<p>The pension (earnings-related pension and guarantee pension) ceases upon remarriage (on cohabiting under certain conditions) or when the survivor reaches age&nbsp;65.</p>
<p>The earnings-related adjustment pension is payable abroad. The guarantee adjustment pension is payable abroad to insured persons living in the European Union, European Economic Area, Switzerland, and, under certain circumstances, Canada.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Spouse's premium pension (premiepension, mandatory individual account):</span> Paid to the surviving spouse or partner if the insured elected coverage for this benefit.</p>
<p>The spouse's premium pension is payable abroad.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension (barnpension, <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> Paid to a surviving child up to age&nbsp;18 (age&nbsp;20 if a student).</p>
<p>The orphan's pension is payable abroad.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's allowance (efterlevandest&ouml;d till barn, universal, income tested):</span> Paid to a surviving child up to age&nbsp;18 (age&nbsp;20 if a student) with a small or no orphan's pension.</p>
<p>The orphan's allowance is payable abroad to insured persons living in the European Union, European Economic Area, and Switzerland.</p>
<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (&aring;lderspension):</span> The pension consists of an income pension, a premium pension, and a guarantee pension.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Income pension (inkomstpension, <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> The pension is based on lifetime earnings (including any disability pension payments received), an annual index of trends in average wages, an annuity factor depending on average life expectancy at the time of retirement for the appropriate age cohort (based on the most recent <span class="nobr">five-year</span> average of unisex life expectancy projections), and the expected increase of average wages in future years.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in wages.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Premium pension (premiepension, mandatory individual account):</span> The insured may choose between single or joint life annuities based on the accumulated capital in the individual account. Annuities can be fixed or variable rate.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on account values and life expectancy.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Guarantee pension (garantipension, universal, income tested):</span> Up to 96,912&nbsp;kronor a year is paid to a single pensioner (86,448&nbsp;kronor a year if married) born in 1938 or later; 99,252&nbsp;kronor a year is paid to a single pensioner (88,428&nbsp;kronor a year if married) born in 1937 or earlier.</p>
<p>Income test: The guarantee pension is gradually reduced depending on the amount of any earnings-related pension (including the income pension, premium pension, widow's pension, and foreign pensions) received.</p>
<p>Partial pension: The pension is proportionally reduced for each year of residence less than 40&nbsp;years from age&nbsp;16 to age&nbsp;64.</p>
<p>The pension is paid monthly.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in prices.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (sjukersattning):</span> The pension consists of an earnings-related pension and a guarantee pension.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Earnings-related pension (inkomstrelaterad sjukers&auml;ttning, social insurance):</span> 64.7% of the insured's assumed future annual income is paid.</p>
<p>Assumed future income is based on the average of the insured's three best income years within a certain period immediately before the year of the claim.</p>
<p>The maximum annual income used to calculate benefits is 341,250&nbsp;kronor.</p>
<p>The maximum annual earnings-related pension is 217,392&nbsp;kronor (220,789&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018).</p>
<p>Partial disability: A reduced pension is paid at 75%, 50%, or 25% of the full pension depending on the assessed loss of working capacity.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Guarantee pension (garantiers&auml;ttning, universal, income tested):</span> 8,027 to 8,960&nbsp;kronor a month is paid if aged&nbsp;19 to 29 (8,152 to 9,100&nbsp;kronor a month as of March&nbsp;1, 2018; 8,455 to 9,403&nbsp;kronor as of July&nbsp;1, 2018), depending on the age; 9,147&nbsp;kronor a month is paid if aged&nbsp;30 or older (9,290&nbsp;kronor a month as of March&nbsp;1, 2018; 9,593&nbsp;kronor a month as of July&nbsp;1, 2018).</p>
<p>Income test: The guarantee pension is gradually reduced depending on the amount of any earnings-related pension received.</p>
<p>Partial pension: The guarantee pension is proportionally reduced for each year of residence less than 40&nbsp;years.</p>
<p>Partial disability: A reduced pension is paid at 75%, 50%, or 25% of the full pension depending on the assessed loss of working capacity.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance supplement (handikappers&auml;ttning): 69%, 53%, or 36% of the annual base amount is paid, depending on the level of care needed.</p>
<p>The annual base amount is 44,800&nbsp;kronor (45,500&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018).</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in prices.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Widow's pension (&auml;nkepension, social insurance):</span> 40% of the social insurance earnings-related <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to the widow; 35% if the orphan's pension is paid.</p>
<p>Supplement for young widows: 90% of the annual base amount is paid to a widow aged&nbsp;50 to 64 at the time of the death or with children younger than age&nbsp;16. The amount is reduced by 6.7% a year for each year the widow is younger than age&nbsp;50.</p>
<p>The annual base amount is 44,800&nbsp;kronor (45,500&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018).</p>
<p>If the widow receives or is entitled to an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension in her own right, the widow's pension is reduced proportionately.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in wages.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Spouse's adjustment pension (omst&auml;llningspension):</span> The pension consists of an earnings-related pension and a guarantee pension.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Earnings-related pension (inkomstrelaterad omst&auml;llningspension, <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> 55% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability income pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid. If the deceased was younger than age&nbsp;65, the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> income pension is calculated as if he or she had worked to until age&nbsp;65.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Guarantee pension (garantiepension till omst&auml;llningspension, universal, income tested):</span> 96,915&nbsp;kronor a year is paid.</p>
<p>Income test: The guarantee pension is gradually reduced depending on the amount of any earnings-related pension received.</p>
<p>Partial pension: The guarantee pension is proportionally reduced for each year of residence less than 40&nbsp;years.</p>
<p>The total pension (earnings-related pension and guarantee pension) is paid for up to 12&nbsp;months to an eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or partner with no dependent children; up for 24&nbsp;months to an eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or partner with a dependent child younger than age&nbsp;18; or until the youngest child reaches age&nbsp;12 to an eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or partner with a dependent child or children younger than age&nbsp;12. The pension ceases if the widower(er) reaches age&nbsp;65.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Earnings-related benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in wages. Guaranteed benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in prices.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Spouse's premium pension (premiepension, mandatory individual account):</span> If the insured dies after retiring, a lifetime annuity is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension (barnpension, <abbr class="spell">NDC</abbr>):</span> If the youngest eligible child is younger than age&nbsp;12, 35% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> income pension the deceased received or was entitled to received is paid for the youngest child; 25% for each additional child. If the youngest child is aged&nbsp;12 or older, 30% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> income pension is paid for the youngest child; 20% for each additional child. The total pension is split equally among all eligible children.</p>
<p>If the deceased was younger than age&nbsp;65, the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> income pension is calculated as if he or she had worked until age&nbsp;65.</p>
<p>The maximum combined orphan's pension is 100% of the deceased's <span class="nobr">old-age</span> income pension (80% if an adult is receiving an adjustment pension or a widow's pension).</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in wages.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's allowance (efterlevandest&ouml;d till barn, universal, income tested):</span> 18,204&nbsp;kronor a year is paid to an eligible child not receiving an orphan's pension. If a child receives the orphan's pension, the orphan's allowance is reduced by the amount of the orphan's pension received.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in prices.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Swedish Pensions Agency (<a href="https://www.pensionsmyndigheten.se/">https://www.pensionsmyndigheten.se/</a>) administers the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> and survivor programs.</p>
<p>Self-employed persons and employers pay contributions along with income tax.</p>
<p>Swedish Social Insurance Agency (<a href="https://www.forsakringskassan.se/">https://www.forsakringskassan.se/</a>) administers and supervises the disability program.</p>
<p>Regional and local social insurance bodies administer the disability program.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1891 (cash benefits) and 1931 (medical benefits).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1982 (medical benefits); 1991 (sick pay); 1995 (parental leave); and 2010 (social insurance), implemented 2011.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Universal (parental and medical benefits) and social insurance (cash benefits) system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Universal (medical benefits):</span> Residents of Sweden.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social insurance (cash sickness benefits):</span> Employed and self-employed persons with annual earnings of at least 10,700&nbsp;kronor, and involuntarily unemployed persons registered with the employment service.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social insurance and universal (parental benefits):</span> Residents of Sweden.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> 3.62% to 4.8% of earnings (sickness), according to the choice of waiting period and self-employed person's income, plus 2.6% (parental benefits).</p>
<p>The self-employed person's contributions for sickness also finance disability benefits (see Old Age, Disability, and Survivors).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> 4.35% of payroll (sickness) plus 2.6% (parental benefits).</p>
<p>The employer's contributions for sickness also finance disability benefits (see Old Age, Disability, and Survivors).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal:</span> Regional county councils pay the total cost.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
<p>The government's contributions also finance disability benefits (see Old Age, Disability, and Survivors).</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefit (sjukpenning, social insurance):</span> Must have at least a 25% assessed loss of work capacity. There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash parental benefit (f&ouml;r&auml;ldrapenning, social insurance and universal):</span> Paid to a parent or guardian who stops working, studying, or seeking work to care for a child up to age&nbsp;8 (age&nbsp;12 for children born on or after January&nbsp;1, 2014). ) Benefits may be paid up to 60&nbsp;days before the expected date of childbirth. The rate of the benefit varies depending on the insured's earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash pregnancy benefit (graviditetspenning, social insurance):</span> Paid to a pregnant woman employed in a physically demanding or dangerous job whose employer is not able to transfer her to less demanding or dangerous work.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash temporary parental benefit (tillf&auml;llig f&ouml;r&auml;ldrapenning, social insurance):</span> Paid for the absence of a parent from work to care for a sick child younger than age&nbsp;12 (age&nbsp;16 or 18 if seriously ill; age&nbsp;21 if chronically ill or disabled).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (universal):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (sjukpenning, social insurance):</span> 80% of the insured's lost covered earnings is paid from day&nbsp;15 through day&nbsp;364 of the incapacity (longer if a serious disease); thereafter, 75% of the insured's lost covered earnings is paid until recovery or certification of a permanent incapacity for work. (Employers pay 80% of the insured's lost earnings from day two through day&nbsp;14.) Pensioners are limited to 180&nbsp;days of the benefit after retirement.</p>
<p>For unemployed persons, 80% of covered earnings from the previous employment is paid from day two of the incapacity. For self-employed persons and other qualifying nonemployed persons, 80% of lost covered earnings may be paid from day two to day&nbsp;91 (depending on the choice of waiting period).</p>
<p>The minimum annual income used to calculate benefits is 10,700&nbsp;kronor (10,900&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018).</p>
<p>The maximum annual income used to calculate benefits is 336,000&nbsp;kronor (341,200&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018; 364,000&nbsp;kronor as of July&nbsp;1, 2018).</p>
<p>The maximum daily sickness benefit is 714&nbsp;kronor (725&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018; 774&nbsp;kronor as of July&nbsp;1, 2018); 543&nbsp;kronor for unemployed persons.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in prices.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Parental benefit (f&ouml;r&auml;ldrapenning, social insurance and universal):</span> An earnings-related or higher <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> benefit is paid to each eligible parent for up to 195&nbsp;days (up to 390&nbsp;days for a single parent), including up to 60&nbsp;days before the expected date of childbirth, followed by 180&nbsp;kronor a day for up to 45&nbsp;days (up to 90&nbsp;days for a single parent). Benefits are paid for longer periods for multiple births. Parents can transfer days of benefits to each other, but 90&nbsp;days paid at the earnings-related rate or higher <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> are reserved for each parent.</p>
<p>If the parent was covered for cash sickness benefits greater than 180&nbsp;kronor a day for at least 240&nbsp;days before the expected date of birth, an earnings-related benefit of 80% of the insured's lost covered earnings is paid; otherwise, a higher <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> of 250&nbsp;kronor a day is paid for the first 180&nbsp;days (combined total of both parents) and from day&nbsp;181 to day 390, 80% of the insured's lost covered earnings or 250&nbsp;kronor a day, whichever is greater.</p>
<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate benefits is 448,000&nbsp;kronor (455,000&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018).</p>
<p>The minimum daily earnings-related benefit for the <span class="nobr">195-day</span> period is 250&nbsp;kronor.</p>
<p>The maximum daily earnings-related benefit for the <span class="nobr">195-day</span> period is 952&nbsp;kronor (967&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Pregnancy benefit (graviditetspenning, social insurance):</span> 80% of the insured's lost covered earnings is paid. For women in a physically demanding job, the benefit is paid for up to 50&nbsp;days, beginning 60&nbsp;days and no later than 11&nbsp;days before the expected date of childbirth. For women in a dangerous job, the benefit is paid for the whole pregnancy as long as the risk appears up to 11&nbsp;days before the expected date of childbirth.</p>
<p>The maximum annual income used to calculate benefits is 336,000&nbsp;kronor (341,200&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018; 364,000&nbsp;kronor as of July&nbsp;1, 2018).</p>
<p>The maximum daily pregnancy benefit is 714&nbsp;kronor (725&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018; 774&nbsp;kronor as of July&nbsp;1, 2018).</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in prices.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Temporary parental cash benefit (tillf&auml;llig f&ouml;r&auml;ldrapenning, social insurance):</span> 80% of the insured's lost covered earnings is paid. The total benefit duration for both parents combined is 60&nbsp;days for each child a year; may be extended for up to 60&nbsp;days for each child. The father (or other parent) is entitled to 10 extra days of benefits in connection with the child's birth.</p>
<p>The maximum annual income used to calculate benefits is 336,000&nbsp;kronor (341,200&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018; 364,000&nbsp;kronor as of July&nbsp;1, 2018).</p>
<p>The maximum daily benefit is 714&nbsp;kronor (725&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018; 774&nbsp;kronor as of July&nbsp;1, 2018)</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in prices.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Benefits include free medical care for children up to age&nbsp;20 and free dental care for children up to age&nbsp;22, subsidies for basic and preventive dental care, a <span class="nobr">high-cost</span> limit for prosthetic treatment, and free insulin.</p>
<p>Cost sharing: The insured pays from 0&nbsp;kronor to 300&nbsp;kronor for each visit to a general practitioner; 200&nbsp;kronor to 400&nbsp;kronor for a specialist (up to 420&nbsp;kronor in case of emergency), up to 1,100&nbsp;kronor in a <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period; up to 100&nbsp;kronor a day (reduced for low-income earners) for inpatient treatment in a public hospital (including in a maternity ward). Fees are waived for outpatient care for persons aged&nbsp;85 or older.</p>
<p>A percentage of transportation costs are reimbursed.</p>
<p>The insured pays the full cost of medicine up to 1,125&nbsp;kronor in a <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period; thereafter, the partial cost of medicine up to 2,250&nbsp;kronor a year.</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Swedish Social Insurance Agency (<a href="https://www.forsakringskassan.se/">https://www.forsakringskassan.se/</a>) provides central administration and supervision of the cash benefits.</p>
<p>Regional and local social insurance offices administer the cash benefits.</p>
<p>The Health and Social Care Inspectorate (<a href="https://www.ivo.se/">https://www.ivo.se/</a>) provides central supervision of the medical benefits.</p>
<p>Regional county councils administer the medical benefits.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1901.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1976 (social insurance), implemented in 1977; 1991 (sick pay); and 2010 (social insurance), implemented in 2011.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employed and self-employed persons.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 0.2% of declared earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 0.2% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Temporary disability benefits:</span> Must be assessed with a work injury or occupational disease.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability benefits:</span> Must have an assessed loss of earning capacity of at least 6.66% (1/15th) for at least one year due to a work injury or occupational disease. The annual of income loss must also be at least 25% (1/4th) of the annual base amount.</p>
<p>The annual base amount is 44,800&nbsp;kronor (45,500&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018).</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>80% of the insured's lost covered earnings is paid from day&nbsp;15 through day&nbsp;364 (longer if a serious disease); may be extended up to 550&nbsp;days at 75% of the insured's lost covered earnings. (Employers pay 80% of the insured's earnings from day two through day&nbsp;14.) Pensioners are limited to 180&nbsp;days of benefits after retirement.</p>
<p>The minimum annual earnings used to calculate benefits is 10,920&nbsp;kronor.</p>
<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate benefits is 341,250&nbsp;kronor.</p>
<p>Self-employed persons receive 80% of lost earnings from days two to 90 (depending on the waiting period chosen).</p>
<p>The maximum daily benefit is 726&nbsp;kronor; the maximum annual benefit is 332,250&nbsp;kronor.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in prices.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> For a total (100%) loss of earning capacity, 100% of the insured's lost earnings is paid as an annuity.</p>
<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate benefits is 341,250&nbsp;kronor.</p>
<p>Partial disability: For an assessed loss of earning capacity of 6.7% to 99%, the full pension is multiplied by the percentage of assessed loss in earning capacity is paid.</p>
<p>The payment of the permanent disability pension is coordinated with the payment of the disability pension under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in the combined wage and consumer price index.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Benefits include a <span class="nobr">high-cost</span> limit for prosthetic treatment.</p>
<p>Cost sharing: The insured pays from 100&nbsp;kronor to 350&nbsp;kronor for each doctor's visit, up to 1,100&nbsp;kronor in a <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period; up to 100&nbsp;kronor a day (reduced for low-income earners) for inpatient treatment in a public hospital (including in a maternity ward).</p>
<p>A percentage of transportation costs are reimbursed.</p>
<p>The insured pays the full cost of medicine, up to 1,125&nbsp;kronor in a <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period; thereafter, patients pay the partial cost of medicine, up to 2,250&nbsp;kronor in a <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension (adjustment annuity):</span> 45% of the permanent disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid; 20% if an orphan's pension is paid for the deceased's children.</p>
<p>The pension is paid for 12&nbsp;months. If the survivor has custody of a child younger than age&nbsp;18, the pension is extended for 12&nbsp;months; for a child or children younger than age&nbsp;12, the pension continues until the youngest child reaches age&nbsp;12.</p>
<p>Eligible survivors include a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> younger than age&nbsp;65 who was married to or, under certain conditions, cohabited with the deceased for at least five years or was raising a child younger than age&nbsp;18 at the date of the insured's death.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension (child annuity):</span> 40% of the permanent disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to one orphan younger than age&nbsp;18 (age&nbsp;20 if a student); the pension is increased by 20% for each additional orphan. The total pension amount depends on the number of eligible orphans. If there is more than one eligible orphan, the pension is split equally.</p>
<p>The maximum combined survivor benefit is 100% of the pension that the deceased received or was entitled to receive based on a total loss of working capacity at the date of death.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of 30% of the base amount is paid to the <span class="nobr">widow(er).</span></p>
<p>The base amount is 44,800&nbsp;kronor (45,500&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018).</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually based on changes in wages.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Swedish Social Insurance Agency (<a href="https://www.forsakringskassan.se/">https://www.forsakringskassan.se/</a>) provides central administration and supervision.</p>
<p>Regional and local social insurance offices administer the program.</p>
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1934.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1997, implemented in 1998.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance and voluntary income-related insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Voluntary income-related insurance:</span> Employed and self-employed persons who are members of an unemployment insurance fund. Membership for each fund is open to employees in a specific occupation or industry.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social insurance (grundf&ouml;rs&auml;kring, basic program):</span> Employed and self-employed persons not covered by the voluntary income-related program.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None for the basic program; a membership fee for the voluntary program.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 0.10% of earnings and a membership fee for the voluntary program.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 2.64% of payroll for the basic or voluntary program.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Subsidizes the basic program; none for the voluntary program.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Basic and voluntary unemployment benefits (social insurance and voluntary income-related insurance):</span> Must be aged&nbsp;20 (no limit for the voluntary program) to 65. For the basic program, must not qualify for the voluntary program. Must be unemployed, registered as a job seeker at the public employment service, and able and willing to accept a suitable job for at least three hours a day and an average of at least 17&nbsp;hours a week.</p>
<p>The insured must have been employed for at least six months (at least 80&nbsp;hours a month) or for at least 480&nbsp;hours in six consecutive months (at least 50&nbsp;hours a month) in the last 12&nbsp;months before unemployment. To receive the voluntary income-related benefit, the insured must have been a member of an unemployment fund for at least 12&nbsp;months.</p>
<p>Unemployment benefits are suspended for one, five, or 10 benefit days for not job seeking seriously; five, 10, or 45 benefit days for extending a period of unemployment; 45 benefit days if unemployment is due to voluntarily leaving or misconduct. The benefit may be terminated for repeated offences.</p>
<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Basic unemployment benefit (grundf&ouml;rs&auml;kring, social insurance):</span> 365&nbsp;kronor a day is paid if the insured was working 40&nbsp;hours a week before unemployment; the benefit is reduced in proportion to the number of hours less than 40&nbsp;hours. The benefit is paid after a seven-day waiting period for up to 300&nbsp;days for each benefit period. If the insured has at least one child younger than age&nbsp;18, the benefit may be paid for an additional 150&nbsp;days. The benefit is paid for five days a week.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: The government adjusts benefits on an ad&nbsp;hoc basis.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Voluntary unemployment benefit (inkomstbortfallsf&ouml;rs&auml;kring, voluntary income-related insurance):</span> 80% of the insured's daily average income in the last 12&nbsp;months is paid after a seven-day waiting period for the first 200&nbsp;days; 70% for the next 100&nbsp;days. If the insured has at least one child younger than age&nbsp;18, the benefit may be paid for an additional 150&nbsp;days. The benefit is paid for five days a week.</p>
<p>The maximum voluntary unemployment benefit is 910&nbsp;kronor a day for the first 100&nbsp;days; subsequently, 760&nbsp;kronor a day.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: The government adjusts benefits on an ad&nbsp;hoc basis.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Swedish Unemployment Insurance Board (<a href="http://www.iaf.se/">http://www.iaf.se/</a>) supervises 28 unemployment insurance funds.</p>
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1947 (child allowance) and 1964 (maintenance advance).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1947 (child allowance), 1993 (housing allowance), and 1996 (maintenance support).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Universal and social assistance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Residents of Sweden.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> The total cost. (The cost of maintenance support is partly covered by repayments made by parents liable for maintenance.)</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Child allowance (barnbidrag):</span> Paid to the end of the quarter in which the child reaches age&nbsp;16 or until the child finishes primary education (no age limit for children with learning difficulties who are attending a special school).</p>
<p>Supplement (flerbarnstill&auml;gg): Paid to families with two or more children.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maintenance support (underh&aring;llsst&ouml;d, income tested):</span> Paid for a child younger than age&nbsp;18 (until June of the year in which the student reaches age&nbsp;20) who lives permanently with only one of the parents, and the parent liable for child support does not pay any support or pays less than the maintenance support amount (1,573&nbsp;kronor a month for each child until the month in which the child reaches age&nbsp;15 and then 1,723&nbsp;kronor a month). From March&nbsp;2018, maintenance support will be gradually phased out for children who alternate between residences, and cease completely by 2021.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Housing allowance (bostadsbidrag, social assistance, means tested):</span> Paid to low-income households (families and young childless persons older than age&nbsp;18 and younger than age&nbsp;29) to subsidize housing costs. From March&nbsp;2018, families in which the child alternates between residences are eligible for housing allowance.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Child care allowance (v&aring;rdbidrag):</span> Paid to a parent for the care of a sick child or child with a disability who needs special care or supervision or to compensate for additional expenses incurred from the child's illness or disability.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Adoption allowance (adoptionsbidrag):</span> Paid for the adoption of a foreign citizen and non-resident of Sweden younger than age&nbsp;10. The adoption must take place through an authorized adoption agency.</p>
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Child allowance (barnbidrag):</span> 1,050&nbsp;kronor (1,250&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018) a month is paid for each eligible child.</p>
<p>Supplement (flerbarnstill&auml;gg): 150&nbsp;kronor is paid for the second child, 730&nbsp;kronor for the third child, 1,740&nbsp;kronor for the fourth child, 2,990&nbsp;kronor for the fifth child, and 4,240&nbsp;kronor for the sixth and subsequent children.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maintenance support (underh&aring;llsst&ouml;d, income tested):</span> 1,573&nbsp;kronor a month is paid for each eligible child until the month in which the child reaches age&nbsp;15; 1,723&nbsp;kronor a month if older. <span class="nobr">Top-up</span> maintenance support is paid when the parent liable for child support pays less than 1,573&nbsp;kronor, or 1,723&nbsp;kronor, a month. Maintenance support will be reduced by 200&nbsp;kronor per parent a year for children who alternate between residences, and cease completely by 2021.</p>
<p>Income test: If the child has income above 60,000&nbsp;kronor a year, the maintenance support is reduced by half the amount that exceeds 60,000&nbsp;kronor.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Housing allowance (bostadsbidrag, social assistance, means tested):</span> An allowance is paid depending on the household's composition, income, and housing arrangement.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Child care allowance (v&aring;rdbidrag):</span> 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of the full monthly child care allowance is paid for each eligible child. An additional supplement of up to 2,576&nbsp;kronor (2,616&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018) a month may be paid.</p>
<p>The full monthly child care allowance is 9,333&nbsp;kronor (9,479&nbsp;kronor as of March&nbsp;1, 2018).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Adoption allowance (adoptionsbidrag):</span> A lump sum of 75,000&nbsp;kronor is paid.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: The government adjusts benefits on an ad&nbsp;hoc basis.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Swedish Social Insurance Agency (<a href="https://www.forsakringskassan.se/">https://www.forsakringskassan.se/</a>) provides central administration and supervision.</p>
<p>Regional and local social insurance offices administer the program.</p>
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