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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2018</h1>
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<h1>Sri Lanka</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00&nbsp;= 158.20&nbsp;rupees.</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1958 (provident fund) and 1980 (trust fund).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Provident fund and trust fund system.</p>
<p>Note: Employers in the public and private sector make monthly contributions to a trust fund owned and managed by employees. The fund invests in a range of asset types and provides supplemental <span class="nobr">old-age,</span> disability and survivor benefits.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Provident fund:</span> Private-sector employees.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons, family labor, civil servants, farmers, and fishermen.</p>
<p>Employees covered by equivalent pension plans may contract out.</p>
<p>Special systems for public-sector and local government employees, farmers, and fishermen.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Trust fund:</span> Public- and private-sector employees, including apprentices and casual, temporary, contract, and piece-rate workers.</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons and migrant workers.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Household workers, persons working in small charitable institutions and for religious organizations, and family labor.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> 8% of monthly earnings; additional voluntary contributions are possible.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Trust fund:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Trust fund:</span> At least 500&nbsp;rupees a month; additional voluntary contributions are possible.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> 12% of monthly payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Trust fund:</span> 3% of monthly payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Trust fund:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age benefit (provident fund):</span> Age&nbsp;55 (men) or age&nbsp;50 (women) and retired from covered employment; at any age if the government closes the place of employment, if emigrating permanently, or for employed women who marry.</p>
<p>Early withdrawal: Partial withdrawals can be made to cover certain housing and medical costs. The fund member must be younger than the normal retirement age, be currently employed, have at least 10&nbsp;years of contributions, and have an account balance of at least 3,000&nbsp;rupees.</p>
<p>Loan program: A fund member can take loans against his or her account balance to purchase or build a house; finance repairs, maintenance, or extensions to an existing house; or reduce monthly mortgage payments.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age benefit (trust fund):</span> Age&nbsp;60 or older and retired from covered employment; at any age if the fund member retires, resigns, is dismissed, changes employers, permanently emigrates, or becomes entitled to any other government pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit (provident fund):</span> Must be assessed with a permanent and total incapacity for work and have ceased employment due to the disability.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit (trust fund):</span> Must be assessed with a permanent and total disability for work and have ceased employment due to the disability.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit (provident fund):</span> Paid to legal heirs or named beneficiaries if the fund member dies before retirement.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit (trust fund):</span> Paid to legal heirs, the executor of the will, or named survivors if a fund member dies before withdrawing his or her full account balance.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Death grant (trust fund):</span> Paid to legal heirs, the executor of the will, or named survivors when a fund member with at least one year of contributions dies.</p>
<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age benefit (provident fund):</span> A lump sum of total employee and employer contributions plus dividends and accrued interest minus previous withdrawals is paid.</p>
<p>The interest rate is 10.5% a year.</p>
<p>Interest rate adjustment: The Monetary Board of the Employees' Provident Fund sets the interest rate periodically. The annual interest rate must be at least 2.5%.</p>
<p>Early withdrawal: Up to 30% of the account balance may be withdrawn to purchase property, build a house, pay mortgages, or pay necessary medical expenses. The fund member may make a second withdrawal of up to 30% of the account balance after a <span class="nobr">10-year</span> waiting period from the date of the first withdrawal.</p>
<p>Loan program: Up to 75% of the fund member's account balance may be used as collateral against a loan from an approved lending institution.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age benefit (trust fund):</span> A lump sum of total employee contributions plus dividends and accrued interest is paid.</p>
<p>The benefit is paid after a <span class="nobr">five-year</span> waiting period if the fund member changes employers.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit (provident fund):</span> A lump sum of total employee and employer contributions plus accrued interest minus previous withdrawals is paid.</p>
<p>The interest rate is 10.5% a year.</p>
<p>Interest rate adjustment: The Monetary Board of the Employees' Provident Fund sets the interest rate periodically. The annual interest rate must be at least 2.5%.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit (trust fund):</span> A lump sum of total employee and employer contributions plus dividends and accrued interest is paid.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit (provident fund):</span> A lump sum of total employee and employer contributions plus accrued interest minus previous withdrawals is split among eligible survivors.</p>
<p>The interest rate is 10.5% a year.</p>
<p>Interest rate adjustment: The Monetary Board of the Employees' Provident Fund sets the interest rate periodically. The annual interest rate must be at least 2.5%.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit (trust fund):</span> A lump sum of total employee and employer contributions plus dividends and accrued interest is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Death grant (trust fund):</span> A lump sum of 100,000&nbsp;rupees is paid.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Department of Labour (http://www.labourdept.gov.lk/) under the Ministry of Labour and Trade Union Relations (http://www.labourmin.gov.lk/), provides general supervision of the provident fund program.</p>
<p>Employees' Provident Fund (http://www.epf.lk/) administers the provident fund program through district offices.</p>
<p>Employees' Provident Fund Agency Services Group, under the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (<a href="https://www.cbsl.gov.lk">https://www.cbsl.gov.lk</a>), collects contributions and invests the financial assets of the Employees' Provident Fund.</p>
<p>Ministry of National Policies and Economic Affairs (http://www.mnpea.gov.lk/) provides general supervision of the trust fund program.</p>
<p>Employees' Trust Fund Board (<a href="https://etfb.lk/">http://www.etfb.lk/</a>) pays trust fund benefits.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1941 (maternity benefits) and 1954 (shop and office employees protections).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Universal (medical benefits) and employer-liability (cash benefits) system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Universal (medical benefits):</span> Residents of Sri Lanka.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer liability (cash sickness benefits):</span> Employees of firms in commerce and services.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer liability (cash maternity benefit):</span> Employed persons.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> The total cost.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> The total cost.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefit (employer liability):</span> Must have at least 12&nbsp;months of continuous employment with the same employer and provide a medical certificate.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefit (employer liability):</span> Must be currently employed.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (universal):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's normal earnings is paid for up to seven days a year.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit (employer liability):</span> 85.714% of the employee's average daily wages in the six months before maternity leave began (100% of the employee's normal wages for shop and office workers) is paid for 12&nbsp;weeks (10&nbsp;weeks for shop and office workers), including two weeks before and 10&nbsp;weeks after the expected date of childbirth. The benefit is paid for six weeks in case of miscarriage (4&nbsp;weeks for shop and office workers).</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Government health centers and hospitals provide free medical care.</p>
<p>Plantations have their own dispensaries and maternity wards and must provide medical care for their employees.</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Department of Labour (http://www.labourdept.gov.lk/) provides general supervision of cash benefits and enforcement of labor laws.</p>
<p>Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine (http://www.health.gov.lk/) provides medical care through public hospitals and health centers.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1934 (workmen's compensation).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Universal (medical benefits) and employer-liability system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Universal (medical benefits):</span> Residents of Sri Lanka.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> Employed persons, including contract and piece-rate workers, and apprentices.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons and military and police personnel.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> The total cost (provides benefits directly to employees or pays insurance premiums ranging from 1% to 7.5% of payroll, depending on the assessed degree of risk).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> The total cost.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p>Must be assessed with a work injury or occupational disease. A continuous employment period of six months for an occupational disease.</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>50% of the employee's average earnings is paid after a three-day waiting period for up to five years. After six months, the benefit may be paid as a lump sum.</p>
<p>Average earnings are based on the employee's average monthly earnings in the 12&nbsp;months before the disability began. If the employee has been employed for less than one month, average earnings are based on the average monthly earnings of a worker in the same type of employment with the same employer.</p>
<p>The maximum temporary disability benefit is 5,500&nbsp;rupees.</p>
<p>Schedule of payments: The benefit is paid every two weeks.</p>
<p>A registered doctor may examine a worker entitled to a temporary disability benefit once a month.</p>
<p>The temporary disability benefit is payable abroad under certain conditions if emigrating permanently.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>For a total (100%) disability, a lump sum is paid based on the employee's wage class.</p>
<p>The minimum permanent disability benefit is 196,083.80&nbsp;rupees.</p>
<p>The maximum permanent disability benefit is 550,000&nbsp;rupees.</p>
<p>Partial disability: For an assessed degree of disability of less than 100%, a lump sum of 30% to 100% of the full permanent disability benefit is paid depending on the degree of disability.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Government hospitals provide medical benefits free of charge.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit:</span> A lump sum of 181,665&nbsp;rupees to 550,000&nbsp;rupees is paid based on the deceased's monthly wages.</p>
<p>Eligible survivors include the widow, legitimate dependent children, unmarried daughters, and a widowed mother. Other family members may be eligible if totally or partially dependent on the deceased.</p>
<p>The benefit is split among dependent relatives based on the decision of the Commissioner of Workmen's Compensation.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> The cost of the funeral is paid up to a maximum based on the value of the survivor benefit (up to 10,000&nbsp;rupees if the survivor benefit exceeds 40,000&nbsp;rupees). The benefit is paid as part of the survivor benefit.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labour and Trade Union Relations (http://www.labourmin.gov.lk/) provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Office of Workmen's Compensation administers the program.</p>
<p>Individual employers insure work injury liability through private carriers or pay compensation directly to employees or dependent survivors.</p>
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p>No statutory unemployment benefits are provided.</p>
<p>The 1975 Termination of Employees Act requires firms in the private sector with at least 15&nbsp;workers to provide severance pay to their employees in cases of dismissal due to firm closure or downsizing. The amount varies depending on the number of years of service: 2.5&nbsp;times the employee's last monthly salary is paid for each year of service from one to five years, plus 2&nbsp;times the monthly salary for each year of service from six to 14&nbsp;years, plus 1.5&nbsp;times the monthly salary for each year of service from 15 to 19&nbsp;years, plus one month of salary for each year of service from 20 to 24&nbsp;years, plus 0.5&nbsp;times the monthly salary for each year of service exceeding 25&nbsp;years (up to a maximum of 40&nbsp;times the monthly salary).</p>
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1990.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 2013 (Samurdhi cash transfer).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social assistance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Needy families.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 45&nbsp;rupees a month for each family member; additional voluntary contributions are possible.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 45&nbsp;rupees a month for each family member; additional voluntary contributions are possible.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Finances the majority of the program costs.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowance (samurdhi benefit, income tested):</span> Paid to certain vulnerable families.</p>
<p>Income test: Family monthly earnings must be below 1,500&nbsp;rupees.</p>
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowance (samurdhi benefit, income tested):</span> 420&nbsp;rupees to 3,500&nbsp;rupees a month is paid, depending on family income and size. A portion of the benefit is allocated to a compulsory savings program.</p>
<p>Additional <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> benefits may be provided for certain life contingencies.</p>
<p>Family allowance beneficiaries may receive additional social services, including nutrition, vocational training, and access to loans under favorable conditions.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Department of Samurdhi Development (http://www.samurdhi.gov.lk/) administers the program.</p>
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