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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2018</h1>
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<h1>Saudi Arabia</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 3.75 riyals.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1969 (social insurance), implemented in 1973.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 2000 (social insurance), implemented in 2001.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Private-sector employees, certain categories of public-sector employees, and citizens working abroad for Saudi employers.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons; nonconvered persons who previously had mandatory coverage or who work for diplomatic missions or international organizations in Saudi Arabia; and citizens working abroad for non-Saudi employers.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Agricultural workers, fishermen, household workers, family labor, certain foreign nationals, and foreign diplomats and employees of international organizations or military missions. Excluded workers may be covered under certain conditions.</p>
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<p>Special system for civil servants and military personnel. Under certain conditions, former contributors under the civil and military program may request to have contribution periods credited toward the public social insurance program and vice versa.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 9% of gross monthly covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,500 riyals.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 45,000 riyals.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 18% of monthly covered declared earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,200 riyals.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 45,000 riyals.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 9% of monthly covered payroll.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,500 riyals.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 45,000 riyals.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Finances any actuarial deficit; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 58 (men, age 60 in the Hijri calendar) or age 53 (women, age 55 in the Hijri calendar) with at least 120 months of contributions (up to 60 months may be retroactively purchased); age 53 (men, age 55 in the Hijri calendar) with at least 120 months of contributions if engaged in arduous or unhealthy work.</p>
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<p>Early pension: At any age (men and women) with at least 300 months of contributions.</p>
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<p>Employment must cease.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> Age 58 (age 60 in the Hijri calendar) and does not qualify for an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Must be younger than age 58 (age 60 in the Hijri calendar) and assessed with an incapacity for work that is expected to last for at least six months. If the disability began while the insured was in covered employment, the insured must have at least 12 consecutive months of contributions or 18 nonconsecutive months of contributions (24 consecutive months of contributions or 36 nonconsecutive months of contributions for voluntarily insured persons who joined the program at age 48 (age 50 in the Hijri calendar) or older).</p>
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<p>If the insured was no longer in covered employment when the disability began, he or she must meet the contribution requirements for the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: Paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p>The General Organization for Social Insurance's medical board assesses the need for constant attendance.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability settlement:</span> Must be younger than age 58 (age 60 in the Hijri calendar), be assessed with an incapacity for work that is expected to last for at least six months, and not qualify for a disability pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased was in covered employment at the time of death and had at least three consecutive months of contributions or six nonconsecutive months of contributions (12 consecutive months of contributions or 18 nonconsecutive months of contributions for voluntarily insured persons who first joined the program at age 48 (age 50 in the Hijri calendar) or older); or was an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pensioner.</p>
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<p>If the deceased was no longer in covered employment at the time of death and was not a pensioner, he or she must have met the contribution requirements for the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include a widow; a nonworking widower aged 60 or older (no limit if disabled); a son younger than age 19 (age 26 if a <span class="nobr">full-time</span> student; no limit if unable to work); an unmarried daughter; dependent brothers, sisters, parents, grandparents, and grandchildren under certain conditions; and an <span class="nobr">ex-wife</span> (according to Islamic law).</p>
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<p>The survivor pension for a female survivor ceases upon marriage but may be reinstated if she is subsequently divorced or widowed.</p>
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<p>Remarriage settlement: Paid upon (re)marriage to a widow or an eligible daughter, sister, or granddaughter.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> Paid to eligible survivors if the deceased was insured but did not qualify for a survivor pension.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include a widow; a nonworking widower aged 60 or older (no limit if disabled); a son younger than age 19 (age 26 if a <span class="nobr">full-time</span> student; no limit if unable to work); an unmarried daughter; dependent brothers, sisters, parents, grandparents, and grandchildren in certain circumstances; and an <span class="nobr">ex-wife</span> (according to Islamic law).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death grant:</span> Paid to eligible survivors.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 2.5% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 24 months is paid for each year of contributions, up to 100%.</p>
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<p>The average monthly earnings used to calculate benefits must not exceed 150% of the insured's monthly earnings at the beginning of the last <span class="nobr">five-year</span> contribution period.</p>
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<p>If the insured's monthly earnings decreased during the last 24 months before retirement, special provisions apply to adjust the average monthly earnings used to calculate benefits.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 1,983.75 riyals.</p>
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<p>Early pension: Calculated in the same way as the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> A lump sum of 10% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last two years before retirement is paid for each month of the first five years of contributions plus 12% for each additional month.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> If the insured was in covered employment when the disability began, the pension is 2.5% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 24 months before the disability began for each year of contributions, up to 100%, or 50% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 24 months before the disability began (or over the total contribution period if less than two years), whichever is greater.</p>
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<p>If the insured was no longer in covered employment when the disability began, the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is paid.</p>
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<p>The average monthly earnings used to calculate benefits must not exceed 150% of the insured's monthly earnings at the beginning of the last <span class="nobr">five-year</span> contribution period.</p>
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<p>If the insured's monthly earnings decreased during the last 24 months before the disability began, special provisions apply to adjust the average monthly earnings used to calculate benefits.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly disability pension is 1,983.75 riyals.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: 50% of the disability pension is paid.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly constant-attendance supplement is 3,500 riyals.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability settlement:</span> A lump sum of 10% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last two years before the disability began is paid for each month of the first five years of contributions plus 12% for each additional month.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> If there are three or more survivors, 100% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive (or 2.5% of the deceased's average monthly earnings in the last 24 months before death for each year of contributions if the deceased was in covered employment at the time of death) is paid; 75% for two dependents; 50% for one dependent. The pension is split equally among all eligible survivors.</p>
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<p>The minimum individual monthly survivor pension is 396.75 riyals.</p>
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<p>The minimum combined monthly survivor pension is 1,983.75 riyals.</p>
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<p>Remarriage settlement: A lump sum of 18 times the individual monthly survivor pension is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> A lump sum of 10% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 24 months before death is paid for each month of the first five years of contributions plus 12% for each additional month.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death grant:</span> A lump sum of three months of the survivor pension is split equally among eligible survivors.</p>
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<p>The maximum death grant is 10,000 riyals.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>General Organization for Social Insurance (<a href="https://www.gosi.gov.sa/">https://www.gosi.gov.sa/</a>) collects contributions and administers the programs through district offices.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1969 (labor code).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 2005 (labor code).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Universal (medical benefits) and employer-liability (cash benefits) system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Universal (medical benefits):</span> Citizens of Saudi Arabia.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> Employed persons.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons, household workers, family labor, professional athletes, certain agricultural and fishery employees, and certain foreign workers.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> The total cost.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> The total cost.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefit (employer liability):</span> Must be currently employed and provide a medical certificate.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefit (employer liability):</span> Must have at least 12 months of continuous employment with the same employer.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash paternity benefit (employer liability):</span> Must be currently employed.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (universal):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of employee's previous earnings is paid for the first 30 days of sick leave; 75% from the 31st to the 90th day. Thereafter, the employee is entitled to an additional 30 days a year of unpaid sick leave.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's previous earnings is paid for 10 weeks.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Paternity benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's previous earnings is paid for three days.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Public hospitals provide free primary, secondary, and tertiary medical services.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for workers.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Development (https://www.mlsd.gov.sa/) provides general supervision for cash benefits.</p>
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<p>Ministry of Health (<a href="https://www.moh.gov.sa/">https://www.moh.gov.sa/</a>) provides general supervision for medical benefits and delivers medical services through hospitals and health centers.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1969 (social insurance), implemented in 1973.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 2000 (social insurance), implemented in 2001.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Private-sector employees and certain categories of public-sector employees.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 2% of monthly covered payroll.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,500 riyals (400 riyals for persons covered for work injury only).</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 45,000 riyals.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Finances any actuarial deficit; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p>Must be assessed with a work injury or occupational disease. Accidents that occur while commuting to and from work are covered.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>100% of the insured's daily wage is paid for each day that the insured is unable to work; 75% if receiving inpatient treatment in a medical center paid for by the General Organization for Social Insurance.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> For a Saudi worker with a total (100%) disability, 100% of the insured's average monthly earnings is paid. For a non-Saudi worker with a total (100%) disability, a lump sum of 84 months of the insured's average monthly earnings is paid.</p>
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<p>Average monthly earnings are based on the insured's earnings in the last three months before the disability began.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly total disability benefit for Saudi workers is 1,983.75 riyals.</p>
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<p>The maximum <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> total disability benefit for non-Saudi workers is 330,000 riyals.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: 50% of the permanent disability benefit is paid if the insured is a citizen of Saudi Arabia and requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly constant-attendance supplement is 3,500 riyals.</p>
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<p>The General Organization for Social Insurance's medical board assesses the need for constant attendance.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: For a Saudi worker with an assessed degree of disability of 50% to 99%, the monthly benefit is the insured's average monthly earnings multiplied by the assessed degree of disability. For a non-Saudi worker with an assessed degree of disability of 50% to 99%, a lump sum of 60 months of the insured's average monthly earnings is paid.</p>
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<p>For an assessed degree of disability of less than 50% that began when the insured was aged 40 or younger, a lump sum of 60 months of the insured's average monthly earnings multiplied by the assessed degree of disability is paid; if the disability began when the insured was older than age 40, the lump sum is reduced by one month of average monthly earnings for each year the insured was older than age 40.</p>
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<p>The minimum <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> partial disability benefit is 36 months of average monthly earnings.</p>
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<p>The maximum <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> partial disability benefit for non-Saudi workers is 165,000 riyals.</p>
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<p>The General Organization for Social Insurance's medical board assesses the degree of disability.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>All necessary medical care is provided, including dental and diagnostic treatment; hospitalization; medicine; appliances; transportation; and rehabilitation.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> See Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Marriage grant:</span> See Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death grant:</span> See Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>General Organization for Social Insurance (<a href="http://www.gosi.gov.sa/">http://www.gosi.gov.sa/</a>) collects contributions and administers the program through district offices.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 2014 (unemployment insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Private-sector employees, certain categories of public-sector employees, and citizens working abroad for Saudi employers.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons, agricultural workers, fishermen, household workers, family labor, and foreign nationals. Excluded workers may be covered under certain conditions.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 1% of gross monthly covered earnings.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,500 riyals.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 45,000 riyals.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed persons:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 1% of monthly covered payroll.</p>
|
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,500 riyals.</p>
|
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 45,000 riyals.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Finances any actuarial deficit; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p>Must be younger than age 58 (age 60 in the Hijri calendar) and have at least 12 months of contributions in the 36 months before the first claim; at least 18 months in the 36 months before the second claim; at least 24 months in the 36 months before the third claim; and at least 36 months in the 48 months before the fourth and subsequent claims.</p>
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<p>Must be registered with a human resources development fund in the Ministry of Labor and Social Development, be capable of and available for work, and have no other sources of income. Unemployment must not be due to voluntary leaving, misconduct, or the refusal of a suitable job offer.</p>
|
|
<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>60% of the insured's average monthly covered earnings is paid for the first three months of unemployment; 50% thereafter. The benefit is paid for up to 12 months.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum monthly unemployment benefit is 2,000 riyals, up to 100% of the insured's average monthly covered earnings.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly unemployment benefit is 9,000 riyals for the first three months and 7,500 riyals thereafter.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>General Organization for Social Insurance (<a href="http://www.gosi.gov.sa/">http://www.gosi.gov.sa/</a>) collects contributions and administers the program through district offices.</p>
|
|
<p>Human Resources Development Fund (<a href="https://www.hrdf.org.sa/">https://www.hrdf.org.sa/</a>) provides employment and training for unemployed workers.</p>
|
|
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 2006 (social assistance benefit).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social assistance system.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>Needy citizens of Saudi Arabia and certain foreign citizens with permanent residency.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> The total cost.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Family allowance (means tested):</span> Paid to persons older than age 60, persons with disabilities, orphans younger than age 18 (age 26 if a student), widows of Saudi citizens with dependents younger than age 18, and certain other vulnerable women and families.</p>
|
|
<p>Means test: The family allowance benefit is reduced if the beneficiaries' regular monthly income exceeds 50% of the monthly benefit.</p>
|
|
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Family allowance (means tested):</span> The benefit amount varies depending on household circumstances.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly family allowance benefit is 5,000 riyals for a family with 15 members (2017).</p>
|
|
<p>Under certain conditions, a lump sum of up to 30,000 riyals may be paid.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Development (http://www.mlsd.gov.sa/) provides general supervision and administers the program.</p>
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</div>
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</article>
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