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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2018</h1>
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<h1>Oman</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00&nbsp;= 0.39&nbsp;rials.</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1991 (social insurance), implemented in 1992.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<p>Note: An income-tested benefit is paid to certain elderly persons, persons with disabilities, and survivors under Family Allowances.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Citizens of Oman employed in the private sector or working in one of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, or United Arab Emirates).</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage for citizens of Oman working abroad and self-employed persons working in Oman.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Foreign nationals and household workers.</p>
<p>Special system for certain public-sector employees.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 7% of gross monthly covered earnings.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 325&nbsp;rials if working in Oman; 200&nbsp;rials if working abroad.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 3,000&nbsp;rials if working in Oman; 1,000&nbsp;rials if working abroad.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> The contribution rate varies depending on income: 6.5% of monthly declared income from 225&nbsp;rials to 249&nbsp;rials; 8.5% of income from 250&nbsp;rials to 399&nbsp;rials; 11% of income from 400&nbsp;rials to 599&nbsp;rials; 12% of income from 600&nbsp;rials to 799&nbsp;rials; 13% of income from 800&nbsp;rials to 999&nbsp;rials; 14% of income from 1,000&nbsp;rials to 1,199&nbsp;rials; 15% of income from 1,200&nbsp;rials to 1,499&nbsp;rials; and 16% of income from 1,500&nbsp;rials to 3,000&nbsp;rials.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 225&nbsp;rials.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 3,000&nbsp;rials.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 10.5% of gross monthly covered payroll.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 325&nbsp;rials if working in Oman; 200&nbsp;rials if working abroad.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 3,000&nbsp;rials if working in Oman; 1,000&nbsp;rials if working abroad.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> 5.5% of gross monthly covered earnings for employed persons. For self-employed persons, 13.5% of the self-employed person's monthly declared income from 225&nbsp;rials to 249&nbsp;rials; 11.5% of income from 250&nbsp;rials to 399&nbsp;rials; 9% of income from 400&nbsp;rials to 599&nbsp;rials; 8% of income from 600&nbsp;rials to 799&nbsp;rials; 7% of income from 800&nbsp;rials to 999&nbsp;rials; 6% of income from 1,000&nbsp;rials to 1,199&nbsp;rials; 5% of income from 1,200&nbsp;rials to 1,499&nbsp;rials; and 4% of income from 1,500 to 3,000&nbsp;rials.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 225&nbsp;rials.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 3,000&nbsp;rials.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age&nbsp;60 with at least 180&nbsp;months of contributions (men) or age&nbsp;55 with at least 120&nbsp;months of contributions (women).</p>
<p>Early pension: Aged&nbsp;45 to 59 with at least 240&nbsp;months (men) or 180&nbsp;months (women) of contributions.</p>
<p>Pension supplement (end-of-service grant): Paid to supplement an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension claimed at the normal retirement age.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement (end-of-service benefit):</span> Paid at the normal retirement age if the insured has at least 12&nbsp;months of contributions but does not meet the contribution requirement for an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
<p>Benefit supplement (end-of-service grant): Paid to supplement the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> settlement.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Must be younger than the normal retirement age, be assessed with a disability, and have at least six consecutive months of contributions before the disability began, or at least 12 nonconsecutive months of contributions, including at least three months immediately before the disability began.</p>
<p>Pension supplement (end-of-service grant): Paid to supplement the disability pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability settlement (end-of-service benefit):</span> Must be assessed with a disability, have at least one year of contributions, and not meet the contribution requirement for a disability pension.</p>
<p>Benefit supplement (end-of-service grant): Paid to supplement the disability settlement.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased was in covered employment at the time of death or had ceased work within the last 12&nbsp;months, and had at least six consecutive months of contributions immediately before death or 12 nonconsecutive months of contributions, including at least three months immediately before death.</p>
<p>Eligible survivors include <span class="nobr">widow(er)s,</span> sons up to age&nbsp;22 (age&nbsp;26 if a <span class="nobr">full-time</span> student, no limit if disabled), unmarried daughters of any age, and dependent parents, brothers, and sisters.</p>
<p>The <span class="nobr">widow(er)'s</span> pension ceases upon remarriage and resumes if the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> divorces or is widowed.</p>
<p>Marriage grant: Paid to an orphaned daughter upon marriage.</p>
<p>Pension supplement (end-of-service grant): Paid to supplement the survivor pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement (end-of-service benefit):</span> The deceased had at least one year of contributions but did not meet the contribution requirement for a survivor pension.</p>
<p>Benefit supplement (end-of-service grant): Paid to supplement the survivor settlement.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> Paid when an insured person or an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pensioner dies.</p>
<p>Eligible survivors include a <span class="nobr">widow(er),</span> an adult child, or the person who paid for the funeral.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Death grant:</span> Paid when an insured person or an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pensioner dies.</p>
<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 3% of the insured's pensionable salary multiplied by the number of full years of contributions is paid.</p>
<p>The pensionable salary is the insured's average gross monthly earnings in the last five years of employment.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 202.50&nbsp;rials.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 80% of the insured's pensionable salary.</p>
<p>Early pension: A reduced pension is paid depending on the insured's age and gender. For men, the reduction is from 6% (age&nbsp;59) to 30% (age&nbsp;45); for women, from 7% (age&nbsp;54) to 25% (age&nbsp;45).</p>
<p>Pension supplement (end-of-service grant): A lump sum of the insured's last monthly salary for each year of contributions, up to 10&nbsp;years, is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement (end-of-service benefit):</span> A lump sum of the insured's last monthly salary for each of the first three years of contributions plus two times the last monthly salary for each additional year of contributions is paid.</p>
<p>Benefit supplement (end-of-service grant): A lump sum of the insured's last monthly salary for each year of contributions, up to 10&nbsp;years, is paid.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> 50% of the insured's earnings when the disability began or the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension the insured is entitled to receive, whichever is greater, is paid.</p>
<p>Pension supplement (end-of-service grant): A lump sum of the insured's last monthly salary for each year of contributions, up to 10&nbsp;years, is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability settlement (end-of-service benefit):</span> A lump sum of the insured's last monthly salary for each of the first three years of contributions plus two times the last monthly salary for each additional year of contributions is paid.</p>
<p>Benefit supplement (end-of-service grant): A lump sum of the insured's last monthly salary for each year of contributions, up to 10&nbsp;years, is paid.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Spouse's pension:</span> 25% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to the <span class="nobr">widow(er).</span> If there is more than one widow, the pension is split equally.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Orphan's pension:</span> 50% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to eligible sons and daughters.</p>
<p>Marriage grant: A lump sum of 15&nbsp;times the orphan's pension is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Other eligible survivors:</span> 25% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is split equally among other eligible survivors.</p>
<p>The maximum combined survivor pension is 100% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive.</p>
<p>Pension supplement (end-of-service grant): A lump sum of the insured's last monthly salary for each year of contributions, up to 10&nbsp;years, is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement (end-of-service benefit):</span> A lump sum of the insured's last monthly salary for each of the first three years of contributions plus two times the last monthly salary for each additional year of contributions is paid.</p>
<p>Benefit supplement (end-of-service grant): A lump sum of the insured's last monthly salary for each year of contributions, up to 10&nbsp;years, is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> If the deceased was employed at the time of death, a lump sum of the last three months of his or her covered earnings is paid; if the deceased was a pensioner, a lump sum of three months of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension is paid.</p>
<p>The maximum funeral grant is 1,000&nbsp;rials.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Death grant:</span> If the deceased was employed at the time of death, a lump sum of the last three months of his or her covered earnings is paid; if the deceased was a pensioner, three months of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension is paid.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Minister of Manpower (<a href="https://www.mol.gov.om/">https://www.manpower.gov.om/</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Public Authority for Social Insurance (https://www.pasi.gov.om/), managed by a <span class="nobr">13-member</span> board of directors chaired by the Minister of Manpower, administers the program and collects contributions.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1973 (labor law).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1996 (constitution) and 2003 (labor law).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Universal (medical benefits) and employer-liability (cash benefits) system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Universal (medical benefits):</span> Citizens of Oman.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> Employees covered by the labor code.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons, family labor, and household workers.</p>
<p>Special system for certain public-sector employees.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> The total cost.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Universal (medical benefits):</span> The total cost.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefit (employer liability):</span> Must be currently employed and provide a medical certificate.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefit (employer liability):</span> Must have at least 12&nbsp;months of continuous employment with the same employer.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (universal):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's last gross earnings is paid for the first 15&nbsp;days of sick leave; 75% from the 16th to the 25th&nbsp;day; 50% from the 26th to the 35th&nbsp;day; and 25% from the 36th to the 45th&nbsp;day.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's last gross earnings is paid for seven weeks.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Public hospitals and health facilities provide free primary, secondary, and tertiary medical services.</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for workers.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits:</span> Ministry of Manpower (<a href="https://www.mol.gov.om/">https://www.manpower.gov.om/</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Ministry of Health (https://www.moh.gov.om/) provides general supervision and coordinates medical care.</p>
<p>Government hospitals, local hospital, and health centers provide medical services.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1977.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1991 (social insurance), implemented in 1997.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Citizens of Oman employed in the private sector.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Foreign nationals, household workers, self-employed persons, and citizens of Oman working abroad.</p>
<p>Special system for public-sector employees.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 1% of gross monthly covered payroll.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 325&nbsp;rials if working in Oman; 200&nbsp;rials if working abroad.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 3,000&nbsp;rials if working in Oman; 1,000&nbsp;rials if working abroad.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p>Must be assessed with a work injury or occupational disease.</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>100% of the insured's last monthly earnings divided by 30 is paid daily for the first six months; 75% for the next six months; thereafter, a medical committee assesses the capacity for work to determine whether the temporary disability benefit is extended or a permanent disability pension is awarded.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> For a total (100%) disability, 75% of the insured's average monthly earnings or the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension the insured is entitled to receive, whichever is greater, is paid.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly permanent disability pension is 202.50&nbsp;rials.</p>
<p>Partial disability: For an assessed degree of disability of at least 30% but less than 100%, the full permanent disability pension multiplied by the assessed degree of disability is paid; for an assessed degree of disability of less than 30%, a lump sum of 36&nbsp;months of the full permanent disability pension multiplied by the assessed degree of disability is paid.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> See Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Minister of Manpower (<a href="https://www.mol.gov.om/">https://www.manpower.gov.om/</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Public Authority for Social Insurance (https://www.pasi.gov.om/), managed by a <span class="nobr">13-member</span> board of directors chaired by the Minister of Manpower, administers the program and collects contributions.</p>
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 2014 (social assistance).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social assistance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Needy citizens of Oman.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> The total cost.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Income support (income tested):</span> Paid to assist with care, mobility, and additional medical costs for persons with certain chronic diseases.</p>
<p>Income test: Individual or family income must not exceed a certain limit.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash assistance (income tested):</span> Paid to orphans, widows, abandoned women, older persons, persons with disabilities, and certain other families not receiving income from work.</p>
<p>Income test: Family income and assets must not exceed certain limits.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Immediate cash assistance:</span> Paid to vulnerable persons in crisis and emergency situations, or victims of a natural or <span class="nobr">man-made</span> disaster in dire need of temporary assistance. The claim must be made within 15&nbsp;days after the event.</p>
<p>Housing assistance: Paid to individuals or families whose house is damaged or destroyed by a catastrophe.</p>
<p>Death grant: Paid if the deceased died as a result of a natural or <span class="nobr">man-made</span> disaster.</p>
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Income support (income tested):</span> 20&nbsp;rials to 100&nbsp;rials a month is paid depending on the level of care needed.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash assistance (income tested):</span> 80&nbsp;rials to 264&nbsp;rials a month is paid depending on household circumstances and the number of eligible beneficiaries.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Immediate cash assistance:</span> 100&nbsp;rials to 300&nbsp;rials is paid depending on family composition.</p>
<p>Housing assistance: 400&nbsp;rials to 600&nbsp;rials is paid depending on family composition.</p>
<p>Benefits may be paid as a lump sum or in periodic payments.</p>
<p>An additional <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> benefit of up to 2000&nbsp;rials may be paid under certain conditions to purchase property.</p>
<p>Death grant: 1,500&nbsp;rials is paid to an eligible survivor; 1,000 for a dependent child.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Social Development (<a href="https://www.mosd.gov.om/">http://www.mosd.gov.om/</a>) provides general supervision and administers the program.</p>
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