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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2018</h1>
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<h1>Indonesia</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 14,350 rupiah.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1977 (government regulation) and 1992 (employees' social security);</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 2004 (social security system), being implemented in stages; 2011 (social security agency), implemented in 2014; 2015 (pension program regulations); 2015 (provident fund regulations); and 2015 (life insurance regulations).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance, provident fund, and mandatory life insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> Public- and private-sector employees.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Provident fund:</span> Employed persons, including foreign workers who have worked at least six months in Indonesia.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>Special systems for public-sector employees and military and police personnel.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory life insurance:</span> Employed persons working in the formal and informal sectors, including foreign workers who have worked at least six months in Indonesia.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> 1% of gross monthly covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 8,094,000 rupiah.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> 2% of gross monthly earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory life insurance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> At least 2% of gross monthly declared earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory life insurance:</span> Pays a monthly <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> premium of 6,800 rupiah.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> 2% of gross monthly covered payroll.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 8,094,000 rupiah.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> 3.7% of gross monthly payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory life insurance:</span> 0.3% of gross monthly payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Provident fund:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory life insurance:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (Manfaat pensiun hari tua, social insurance):</span> Age 56 (gradually rising by one year every three years until reaching age 65 in 2043) with at least 180 months of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement (social insurance):</span> Age 56 (gradually rising by one year every three years until reaching age 65 in 2043) with less than 180 months of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age benefit (provident fund):</span> Age 56 (gradually rising by one year every three years until reaching age 65 in 2043); at any age if emigrating permanently, if starting work as a public-sector employee, if beginning military service, or if unemployed for at least six months after at least five years of fund membership.</p>
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<p>Employment may continue.</p>
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<p>Deferred benefit: The benefit may be deferred. There is no maximum age for deferral.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (Manfaat pensiun cacat, social insurance):</span> Must be younger than the normal retirement age, be assessed with a total and permanent disability, have at least one month of contributions before the disability began, and have a contribution payment compliance rate of at least 80%.</p>
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<p>The contribution payment compliance rate is the insured's years of contributions divided by his or her years of membership.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability settlement (social insurance):</span> Must be younger than the normal retirement age, be assessed with a total and permanent disability, and have less than one month of contributions or a contribution payment compliance rate of less than 80%.</p>
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<p>The contribution payment compliance rate is the insured's years of contributions divided by his or her years of membership.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit (provident fund):</span> Must be younger than the normal retirement age and assessed with a total permanent incapacity for work as a result of a work injury. A medical doctor must certify the incapacity.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (social insurance):</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive a social insurance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension, had at least one year of contributions, and had a contribution payment compliance rate of at least 80%.</p>
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<p>The contribution payment compliance rate is the deceased's years of contributions divided by his or her years of membership.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include a <span class="nobr">widow(er),</span> children, and parents.</p>
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<p>The <span class="nobr">widow(er)'s</span> pension ceases upon remarriage.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement (social insurance):</span> The deceased had less than one year of contributions or a contribution payment compliance rate of less than 80%.</p>
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<p>The contribution payment compliance rate is the deceased's years of contributions divided by his or her years of membership.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include a <span class="nobr">widow(er),</span> children, and parents.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit (provident fund):</span> Paid to eligible survivors when a fund member younger than age 56 (gradually rising by one year every three years until reaching age 65 in 2043) or a recipient of a periodic provident fund <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability benefit dies.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include a spouse or, if there is no spouse, dependent children.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death grant and funeral grant (mandatory life insurance):</span> Paid to eligible survivors when the insured dies.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors (in order of priority) include a spouse, children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents, siblings, or parents-in-law. If there are no eligible survivors, the benefit is paid to a person named by the deceased; if there is no named survivor, only the funeral benefit is paid to the person who pays for the funeral.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (Manfaat pensiun hari tua, social insurance):</span> 1% of the insured's average adjusted annual earnings divided by 12 and multiplied by the number of years of contributions is paid.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 331,000 rupiah.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 3,971,400 rupiah.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted every two years.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement (social insurance):</span> A lump sum of the insured's social insurance contributions plus accrued interest is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age benefit (provident fund):</span> A lump sum of total employee and employer provident fund contributions plus accrued interest is paid. Members with more than 50 million rupiah in their provident fund accounts may opt for a periodic payment.</p>
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<p>Deferred benefit: Calculated in the same way as the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> benefit.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (Manfaat pensiun cacat, social insurance):</span> 1% of the insured's average adjusted annual earnings divided by 12 and multiplied by the number of years of contributions is paid.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly disability pension is 331,000 rupiah.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly disability pension is 3,971,400 rupiah.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted every two years.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability settlement (social insurance):</span> A lump sum of the insured's social insurance contributions plus accrued interest is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit (provident fund):</span> A lump sum of total employee and employer provident fund contributions plus accrued interest is paid. Members with more than 50 million rupiah in their provident fund accounts may opt for a periodic payment.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (social insurance)</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Spouse's pension (Manfaat pensiun janda/duda):</span> 50% of the social insurance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a <span class="nobr">widow(er).</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Orphan's pension (Manfaat pensiun anak):</span> 50% of the social insurance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a full orphan; 50% of the spouse's pension for a half orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Parent's pension (Manfaat pensiun orang tua):</span> If there is no eligible spouse or child, 20% of the social insurance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a parent.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted every two years.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement (social insurance):</span> A lump sum of the deceased's social insurance contributions plus accrued interest is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit (provident fund):</span> A lump sum of total employee and employer provident fund contributions plus accrued interest, minus any prior payments to the deceased, is paid. If there is more than 50 million rupiah in the deceased's provident fund account, the survivor may opt for a periodic payment.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death benefits (mandatory life insurance)</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Death grant:</span> A lump sum of 16,200,000 rupiah is paid plus 200,000 rupiah a month for up to 24 months.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Funeral grant (Biaya pemakaman):</span> A lump sum of 3,000,000 rupiah is paid.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>National Social Security Board (<a href="https://djsn.go.id/">http://djsn.go.id/</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Social Security Administering Body on Employment (<abbr class="spell">BPJS</abbr> Ketenagakerjaan) (<a href="https://www.bpjsketenagakerjaan.go.id/">https://www.bpjsketenagakerjaan.go.id/</a>) collects contributions, administers benefits, and manages the investment funds.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1957 (labor) and 1992 (employees' social security).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 2003 (labor law); 2004 (social security system), being implemented in stages; and 2011 (social security agency), implemented in 2014.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance (medical benefits), employer-liability (cash benefits), and social assistance (medical benefits) system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance (medical benefits):</span> Public- and private-sector employees, self-employed persons, and foreign workers who have worked at least six months in Indonesia.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> Employed persons.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>Special system for civil servants.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social assistance (medical benefits):</span> Needy residents of Indonesia.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (medical benefits):</span> 1.0% (private sector) or 2% (public sector) of monthly covered earnings; an additional 1% of monthly covered earnings for each family member and other covered dependents.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 4,000,000 rupiah (2nd class) or 8,000,000 rupiah (1st class).</p>
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<p>The insured may choose from two classes of hospital services with varying contribution rules: 1st class (provides the most private and spacious hospital rooms), or 2nd class (provides less private and spacious hospital rooms).</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (medical benefits):</span> Pays a monthly <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> contribution of 25,500 rupiah (3rd class), 51,000 rupiah (2nd class), or 80,000 rupiah (1st class).</p>
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<p>The self-employed person may choose from three classes of hospital services with varying contribution rules: 1st class (provides the most private and spacious hospital rooms), 2nd class (provides less private and spacious hospital rooms), or 3rd class (provides the least private and spacious hospital rooms).</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (medical benefits):</span> 4% (private sector) or 3% (public sector) of monthly covered payroll.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 4,000,000 rupiah (2nd class) or 8,000,000 rupiah (1st class).</p>
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<p>The insured may choose from two classes of hospital services with varying contribution rules: 1st class (provides the most private and spacious hospital rooms), or 2nd class (provides less private and spacious hospital rooms).</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> The total cost.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (medical benefits):</span> None, contributes as an employer.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer liability (cash benefits):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance (medical benefits):</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness, maternity, and paternity benefits (employer liability):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (social insurance and social assistance):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's normal earnings is paid for the first four months of incapacity; 75% for the fifth through the eighth month; 50% for the ninth through the twelfth month; and 25% thereafter.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's normal earnings is paid for three months, beginning 1.5 months before childbirth; for a total of 1.5 months in case of abortion.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Paternity benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's normal earnings is paid for two days.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits include primary and specialist outpatient care; hospitalization; medicine; emergency, dental, and eye care; and eyeglasses, hearing aids, and prostheses. Insured persons must register with a primary care provider who is under contract with <abbr class="spell">BPJS</abbr>. A doctor's referral is required for access to specialist and inpatient care (except for emergencies).</p>
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<p>Services at community health centers are set at 3,000 to 6,000 rupiah.</p>
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<p>The cost of maternity care for up to three children, up to 500,000 rupiah each, is paid.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
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<p>Eligible dependents include a dependent spouse and up to three dependent children (unmarried and unemployed) younger than age 21.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Manpower (http://kemnaker.go.id/) provides general supervision for cash benefits.</p>
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<p>National Social Security Board (<a href="https://djsn.go.id/">http://djsn.go.id/</a>) provides general supervision for medical benefits.</p>
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<p>Social Security Health Agency (<abbr class="spell">BPJS</abbr> Kesehatan) (<a href="https://bpjs-kesehatan.go.id/">https://bpjs-kesehatan.go.id/</a>) collects contributions, administers benefits, and manages the investment funds.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1951 (workmen's compensation) and 1992 (employees' social security).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 2004 (national social security system), being implemented in stages; 2011 (social security agency), implemented in 2014; and 2015 (work injury).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Private-sector employees, self-employed persons, and foreign workers who have worked at least six months in Indonesia.</p>
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<p>Special system for public-sector employees.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 1% of monthly declared earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> Pays a contribution that varies depending on the class of risk: 0.24% of monthly payroll (class <abbr title="one">I</abbr>); 0.54% (class <abbr title="two">II</abbr>); 0.89% (class <abbr title="three">III</abbr>); 1.27% (class <abbr title="four">IV</abbr>); or 1.74% (class <abbr title="five">V</abbr>).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p>Must be assessed with a work injury or occupational disease and be younger than the normal retirement age. Accidents that occur while commuting to and from work are covered.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Temporary disability benefit (Sementara tidak mampu bekerja [<abbr class="spell">STMB</abbr>]):</span> 100% of the insured's earnings in the month before the disability began is paid for the first four months; 75% for the fifth to the eighth month; and 50% thereafter until rehabilitation or certification of permanent disability.</p>
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<p>A medical doctor assesses the degree of disability based on a health examination.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension (Cacat total tetap):</span> For a total disability, a lump sum of 70% of 80 months of the insured's earnings in the month before the disability began is paid, plus 200,000 rupiah a month for 24 months.</p>
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<p>Partial disability (Cacat sebagian fungsi): For a partial disability, a lump sum of 80 months of the insured's earnings in the month before the disability began multiplied by the assessed degree of disability according to a schedule in law is paid.</p>
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<p>A medical doctor assesses the degree of disability based on a health examination.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>Medical benefits include all necessary medical treatment, hospital care, dental and eye care, rehabilitation, and prostheses.</p>
|
|
<p>From 1,000,000 rupiah up to 2,500,000 rupiah is paid for transportation costs from the place of the accident to the hospital depending on the method of transport used.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit:</span> A lump sum of 60% of 80 months of the deceased's earnings in the month before death is paid, plus 200,000 rupiah a month for 24 months.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors (in order of priority) include a spouse, children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents, siblings, or parents-in-law. If there are no eligible survivors, the benefit is paid to a person named by the deceased; if there is no named survivor, only the funeral benefit is paid to the person who pays for the funeral.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death grant:</span> See Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant (Biaya pemakaman):</span> See Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
|
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>National Social Security Board (<a href="https://djsn.go.id/">http://djsn.go.id/</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
|
|
<p>Social Security Administering Body on Employment (<abbr class="spell">BPJS</abbr> Ketenagakerjaan) (<a href="https://www.bpjsketenagakerjaan.go.id/">https://www.bpjsketenagakerjaan.go.id/</a>) collects contributions, administers benefits, and manages the investment funds.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p>No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
|
|
<p>Labor law (<abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> 13 of 25 March 2003) requires employers to provide severance pay in cases of dismissal due to a change in company status or ownership, company closure due to financial loss or bankruptcy, prolonged illness or disability (at least 12 months) or reaching the mandatory retirement age. The amount varies depending on the number of years of service: one month of the employee's pay for less than a year of service; two months of pay with at least one but less than two years; three months of pay with at least two years but less than three years; four months of pay with at least three years but less than four years; five months of pay with at least four years but less than five years; six months of pay with at least five years but less than six years; seven months of pay with at least six years but less than seven years; eight months of pay with at least seven years but less than eight years; and nine months of pay with at least eight years of service.</p>
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