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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2019</h1>
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<h1>Peru</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 3.289 soles.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1936 (wage earners) and 1962 (salaried employees).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1973 (national pension system); 1992 (individual account), implemented in 1993; 2000 (early retirement); 2007 (early retirement for the unemployed); 2009 (early retirement in the private sector); 2011 (noncontributory <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension); 2012 (individual account); 2012 (persons with disabilities); and 2015 (persons with severe disabilities).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance, mandatory individual account, and social assistance system.</p>
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<p>Note: When public- and private-sector employees enter the workforce, they can choose between the mandatory individual account program (<abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>) and the public social insurance program (<abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>). Insured persons who do not make a choice become <abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr> members by default. <abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr> members can later switch to the <abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>, but <abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr> members can only switch to the <abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr> under certain conditions.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance (<abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>):</span> Private-sector employees and public-sector employees not covered by a special system, including employees of worker-owned and cooperative enterprises, teachers, artists, household workers, seamen, journalists, and tannery workers.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed person and housewives.</p>
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<p>Special systems for fishermen, diplomats, certain public-sector employees, and military and police personnel.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory individual account (<abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>):</span> Public- and private-sector employees.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Needy resident citizens of Peru.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (<abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>):</span> 13% of gross monthly covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 930 soles.</p>
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<p>There are no maximum earnings used to calculate contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account (<abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>):</span> 10% of gross monthly earnings (8% for fishermen; 11% for construction workers; 2% for miners) <span class="nobr">(old-age</span> benefits]) plus an average of 1.5775% of gross monthly earnings for persons insured before February 2013, or an average of 0.3075% of gross monthly earnings plus 0.82% to 1.25% of the annual account balance for persons insured since February 2013 (administrative fees), and 1.35% of gross monthly covered earnings (disability and survivor insurance). Voluntary contributions are possible.</p>
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<p>There are no maximum earnings used to calculate contributions for <span class="nobr">old-age</span> benefits or administrative fees.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions for disability and survivor insurance are 9,639 soles.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (<abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>):</span> 13% of gross monthly covered declared earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 930 soles.</p>
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<p>There are no maximum earnings used to calculate contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account (<abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>):</span> 10% of gross monthly earnings <span class="nobr">(old-age</span> benefits) plus a percentage of gross monthly earnings (administrative fees) and 1.35% of gross monthly covered earnings (disability and survivor insurance). The percentage of contributions for <span class="nobr">old-age</span> benefits is regulated by law; the percentages of administrative fees and contributions to disability and survivor insurance are determined by the <abbr class="spell">AFP</abbr>s.</p>
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<p>There are no maximum earnings used to calculate contributions for <span class="nobr">old-age</span> benefits or administrative fees.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions for disability and survivor insurance are 9,639 soles.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (<abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account (<abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>):</span> None; 5% of gross payroll for fishermen; 1% for construction workers; 2% for miners.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (<abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>):</span> Provides special subsidies as needed.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account (<abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>):</span> Finances the value of accrued rights under the <abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (Pensión de Jubilación, <abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>, social insurance):</span> Age 65 with at least 20 years of contributions.</p>
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<p>Employment may continue if the insured's total monthly income does not exceed half of the tax reference unit (Unidad Impositiva Tributaria, <abbr class="spell">UIT</abbr>).</p>
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<p>The <abbr class="spell">UIT</abbr> is 4,200 soles a year.</p>
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<p>Early pension (Jubilación anticipada): Age 55 with at least 30 years of contributions (men) or age 50 with at least 25 years of contributions (women); age 55 (men) or age 50 (women) with at least 20 years of contributions in cases of a collective <span class="nobr">lay-off</span> from employment.</p>
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<p>Dependent's supplement: Paid for a dependent spouse or a child younger than age 18 (no limit if a student or disabled).</p>
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<p>The social insurance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is payable abroad under bilateral or multilateral agreement.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age family pension (Pensión Especial de Jubilación para la Sociedad Conyugal y las Uniones de Hecho, <abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>, social insurance):</span> Paid to a couple whose members are aged 65 or older, have been married or in a recognized partnership for at least 10 years, and have at least 20 years of combined social insurance contributions but do not qualify for the social insurance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<p>The <span class="nobr">old-age</span> family pension ceases upon divorce, remarriage, or termination of a recognized partnership.</p>
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<p>The <span class="nobr">old-age</span> family pension is payable abroad under bilateral or multilateral agreement.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (Pensión de Jubilación, <abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>, mandatory individual account):</span> Age 65.</p>
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<p>Early pension (Jubilación anticipada): Age 55 (men) or age 50 (women) with at least 72 months of contributions in the last 120 months before the claim is made and an account balance that is sufficient to finance a benefit of at least 40% of the insured's average indexed earnings in the last 120 months (Jubilación anticipada ordinaria); age 55 (men) or age 50 (women) with at least 12 continuous months of unemployment (Jubilación anticipada por desempleo); or age 40 to 50 for persons working under hazardous conditions, depending on the occupation, subject to further requirements (Jubilación anticipada por labores de riesgo).</p>
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<p>Guaranteed minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension: Must be born before January 1, 1946, have at least 20 years of contributions paid on earnings equal to or greater than the legal monthly minimum wage, and have an account balance that is insufficient to finance the minimum monthly pension set by law.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 930 soles.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 500 soles.</p>
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<p>The individual account <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is payable abroad under bilateral or multilateral agreement.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Noncontributory <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension (Pensión 65, social assistance, means tested):</span> Age 65 and not receiving any other pension or any benefits administered by the social security health insurance program (EsSalud).</p>
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<p>Means test: Must be classified as extremely poor based on the Sistema de Focalización de Hogares (<abbr class="spell">SISFOH</abbr>).</p>
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<p>The <abbr class="spell">SISFOH</abbr> is a national system to target needy households based on earnings, expenditures, and a quality-of-life index.</p>
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<p>The noncontributory <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is not payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (Pensión de Invalidez, <abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>, social insurance):</span> Must have at least a 66.7% assessed loss of earning capacity and at least 15 years of contributions; or at least 36 months of contributions, including at least 12 months of contributions in the 36 months before the disability began, if the insured has at least three but less than 15 years of contributions; or have paid contributions in the month before the disability began if it is due to a nonwork-related accident Must have been paying contributions when the disability began unless the insured has at least 15 years of contributions or at least 18 months of contributions in the 36 months before the disability began.</p>
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<p>Dependent's supplement: Paid for a dependent spouse or a child younger than age 18 (no limit if a student or disabled).</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement (Bonificación por cuidado permanente de otra persona): Paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (Pensión de Invalidez, <abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>, mandatory individual account):</span> Must have at least a 50% assessed loss of earning capacity and not be receiving an individual account <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<p>A medical committee assesses the degree of disability.</p>
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<p>Guaranteed minimum disability pension: Paid if the account balance is insufficient to finance the disability pension the insured is entitled to receive.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Noncontributory disability pension (Pensión para Personas con Discapacidad Severa y Situación de Pobreza, Programa CONTIGO, social assistance, means tested):</span> Must be assessed with a severe and permanent disability and not qualify for any other pension.</p>
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<p>Means test: Must be classified as poor based on the Sistema de Focalización de Hogares (<abbr class="spell">SISFOH</abbr>).</p>
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<p>The <abbr class="spell">SISFOH</abbr> is a national system to target needy households based on earnings, expenditures, and a quality-of-life index.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (<abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>, social insurance):</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive a social insurance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension at the time of death.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include a widow or female partner, a dependent widower older than age 60 or disabled, orphans younger than age 18 (no limit if a student or disabled), a dependent father older than age 60 or disabled, and a dependent mother older than age 55 or disabled.</p>
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<p>The <span class="nobr">widow(er)'s</span> pension ceases upon remarriage or if a disabled widower is assessed as capable of working.</p>
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<p>Remarriage settlement: Paid to a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> receiving a social insurance spouse's pension upon remarriage.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: The survivor requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p>The social insurance survivor pension is payable abroad under bilateral or multilateral agreement.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (Pensión de Sobrevivencia, <abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>, mandatory individual account):</span> The deceased received an individual account <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension or had at least four months of contributions in the last eight months before death.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or partner, orphans younger than age 18 (no limit if disabled), a dependent mother older than age 50 and a dependent father older than age 60.</p>
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<p>Guaranteed minimum survivor pension: Paid if the deceased's account balance is insufficient to finance the survivor pension the survivors are entitled to receive.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death grant (Capital de Defunción, <abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>, social insurance):</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive a social insurance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension and his or her legal heirs are not entitled to receive a survivor pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant (Gastos de Sepelio, <abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>, mandatory individual account):</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive an individual account <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (Pensión de Jubilación, <abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>, social insurance):</span> 30% to 45% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 60 months, depending on the insured's age on June 14, 2002 (30% if younger than age 31, 35% if aged 31 to 39, 40% if aged 40 to 49, or 45% if older than age 49), plus 2% of average monthly earnings for each year of contributions exceeding 20 years is paid to persons born after December 31, 1946.</p>
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<p>50% of the insured's reference salary plus 4% of the reference salary for each year of contributions exceeding 20 years is paid to men born after December 18, 1932, and women born after December 18, 1937, but before January 1, 1947.</p>
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<p>The reference salary for persons with 20 to 24 years of contributions is the insured's average monthly earnings in the last five years; with 25 to 30 years of contributions, average monthly earnings in the last four years; with more than 30 years of contributions, average monthly earnings in the last three years.</p>
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<p>50% of the reference salary plus 2% (men) or 2.5% (women) of the reference salary for each year of contributions exceeding 15 years (men) or 13 years (women) is paid to men born up to December 18, 1932, and women born up to December 18, 1937.</p>
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<p>The reference salary is the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 12, 36, or 60 months, whichever is greater.</p>
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<p>Early pension (Jubilación anticipada): The pension is reduced by 4% for each year it is claimed before the normal retirement age.</p>
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<p>Dependent's supplement: 2% to 10% of the insured's reference salary is paid for an eligible spouse and 2% to 5% is paid for each eligible child.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 500 soles.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 893 soles or 100% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 60 months, whichever is less.</p>
|
|
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically depending on financial resources.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Old-age family pension (Pensión Especial de Jubilación para la Sociedad Conyugal y las Uniones de Hecho, <abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>, social insurance):</span> Calculated in the same way as the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension, based on a common reference salary for the couple.</p>
|
|
<p>The full amount of the joint monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> family pension continues to be paid to a surviving beneficiary upon the death of his or her partner.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (Pensión de Jubilación, <abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>, mandatory individual account):</span> The insured has five different payment options: make programmed withdrawals, purchase a personal annuity, purchase a joint and survivor annuity, purchase a deferred annuity combined with temporary programmed withdrawals, or make a <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> withdrawal of 95.5% of the total account balance.</p>
|
|
<p>Early pension (Jubilación anticipada): The payment options are the same as those for the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension paid at the normal retirement age.</p>
|
|
<p>Guaranteed minimum pension: The difference between the monthly pension financed by the account balance and the minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 500 soles.</p>
|
|
<p>If the insured chooses the <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> withdrawal, the remaining 4.5% finances medical benefits (see source of funds under Sickness and Maternity).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Noncontributory <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension (Pensión 65, social assistance, means tested):</span> 250 soles is paid every two months.</p>
|
|
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (Pensión de Invalidez, <abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>, social insurance):</span> 50% of the insured's reference salary plus 1% of the reference salary for each year of contributions exceeding three years is paid. For a contribution period of one to three years, 16.7% of the insured's reference salary is paid for each year of contributions.</p>
|
|
<p>The reference salary is the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 12 months; for self-employed persons, the reference salary is the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 60 months.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum monthly disability pension is 500 soles.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly disability pension is 893 soles.</p>
|
|
<p>Dependent's supplement: 2% to 10% of the insured's reference salary is paid for an eligible spouse and 2% to 5% for each eligible child. The amount is reduced if earnings plus pension income exceed the insured's former average earnings.</p>
|
|
<p>Constant-attendance supplement (Bonificación por cuidado permanente de otra persona): The legal monthly minimum wage is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 930 soles.</p>
|
|
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically depending on financial resources.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (Pensión de Invalidez, <abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>, mandatory individual account):</span> The pension is calculated based on the insured's average monthly earnings and the assessed degree of disability.</p>
|
|
<p>Guaranteed minimum disability pension: Disability insurance pays the difference between the disability pension financed by the account balance and the disability pension the insured is entitled to receive.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Noncontributory disability pension (Pensión para Personas con Discapacidad Severa y Situación de Pobreza, Programa CONTIGO, social assistance):</span> 150 soles a month is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>Schedule of payments: The pension is paid every two months.</p>
|
|
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (<abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>, social insurance)</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Spouse's pension (Pensión de viudez):</span> 50% of the social insurance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to an eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er).</span></p>
|
|
<p>Remarriage settlement: A lump sum of 12 times the spouse's pension is paid to the <span class="nobr">widow(er).</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Orphan's pension (Pensión de orfandad):</span> 50% of the social insurance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid for eligible orphans.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Dependent parent's pension (Pensión de ascendiente):</span> If there is no eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or orphan, 20% of the social insurance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to each dependent parent.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum combined survivor pension is 100% of the social insurance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive or 893 soles a month, whichever is less.</p>
|
|
<p>Constant-attendance supplement: The legal monthly minimum wage is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 930 soles.</p>
|
|
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically depending on financial resources.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (Pensión de Sobrevivencia, <abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>, mandatory individual account):</span> The pension is based on the deceased's average monthly earnings in the last 48 months before death, according to a schedule in law.</p>
|
|
<p>Guaranteed minimum survivor pension: Life insurance pays the difference between the survivor pension financed by the deceased's account balance and the survivor pension the survivors are entitled to receive.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Death grant (Capital de Defunción, <abbr class="spell">SNP</abbr>, social insurance):</span> A lump sum of up to six times the deceased's average monthly income in the last 60 months before death is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate the death grant are 893 soles.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant (Gastos de Sepelio, <abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>, mandatory individual account):</span> A lump sum of up to 4,370.97 soles is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted quarterly based on changes in the consumer price index.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Comptroller General of the Republic (http://www.contraloria.gob.pe/) provides general supervision for the social insurance program.</p>
|
|
<p>Superintendent of Banks, Insurance, and <abbr class="spell">AFP</abbr>s (<a href="https://www.sbs.gob.pe/">http://www.sbs.gob.pe/</a>) is responsible for licensing and supervising pension fund administrators (<abbr class="spell">AFP</abbr>s) and insurance companies.</p>
|
|
<p>Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion (<a href="https://www.gob.pe/midis">http://www.midis.gob.pe/</a>) provides general supervision for the social assistance program.</p>
|
|
<p>Office of Social Security Normalization (<a href="https://www.gob.pe/onp">https://www.onp.gob.pe/</a>) administers the social insurance program and some special programs.</p>
|
|
<p><abbr class="spell">AFP</abbr>s administer the individual accounts and contract with insurance companies for disability and survivor insurance.</p>
|
|
<p>National Solidarity Assistance Program–Pensión 65 program office (<a href="https://www.gob.pe/pension65/">http://www.pension65.gob.pe/</a>) administers the Pensión 65 program.</p>
|
|
<p>Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion (<a href="https://www.gob.pe/midis">www.midis.gob.pe/</a>) administers the noncontributory disability pension.</p>
|
|
<p>National Superintendent of Tax Administration (<a href="https://www.sunat.gob.pe/">http://www.sunat.gob.pe/</a>) collects contributions.</p>
|
|
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1936 (wage earners), 1948 (salaried employees), and 1979 (maternity and medical benefits).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1996 (maternity leave), 1997 (healthcare modernization); 1999 (health insurance EsSalud); 1999 (self-employed fishermen and fish processors); 2000 (agricultural workers), implemented in 2002; 2001 (aquacultural workers); 2002 (integrated health system); 2003 (social security health insurance administration); 2003 (household workers); 2004 (maternity benefits); 2006 (pensioners); 2009 (universal health insurance); 2011 (dock workers); 2011 (maternity benefits).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance (cash and medical benefits), mandatory private insurance (medical benefits), and social assistance (medical benefits and funeral grant) system.</p>
|
|
<p>Note: Insured persons and their dependents can choose to receive basic health care from a private health care provider (<abbr class="spell">EPS</abbr>) if it offers equivalent or more generous benefits than the minimum health care plan established by law (Plan Esencial de Aseguramiento en Salud). Under this option, the insured persons remain covered by the public health insurance program (EsSalud) for more serious conditions and specialized care.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Social insurance and mandatory private insurance:</span> Public- and private-sector employees; employees of worker-owned and cooperative enterprises; household workers; agricultural workers; self-employed fishermen and fish processors; pensioners; and spouses, partners, and children or dependents of insured persons.</p>
|
|
<p>Pensioners are covered for medical benefits, the nursing allowance, and the funeral grant only.</p>
|
|
<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons (medical benefits only), housewives, and other persons without a dependent work relation.</p>
|
|
<p>Special systems for military and police personnel.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Needy residents of Peru.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None; pensioners contribute 4% of the pension; pensioners who opt for a <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> payment at retirement under the mandatory individual account (<abbr class="spell">SPP</abbr>) program (see Old Age, Disability, and Survivors) pay a <span class="nobr">one-time</span> contribution of 4.5% of their total account balance for medical benefits.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> A premium of 64 soles a month, plus an additional <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> contribution for each dependent for insured persons covered before 2016, and 137 to 215 soles a month for persons covered since 2016, depending on the age of the insured (medical benefits only); 9% of the sales value for self-employed fishermen and fish processors; 4% of the legal monthly minimum wage for agricultural workers.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions for self-employed fishermen and fish processors are the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
|
|
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 930 soles.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 9% of monthly covered payroll; 4% for agricultural workers. (Employers providing health services directly to their employees or who use services provided under contract by a private health care provider (<abbr class="spell">EPS</abbr>) receive a 2.5% credit toward the cost of contributions.)</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
|
|
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 930 soles.</p>
|
|
<p>There are no maximum earnings used to calculate contributions.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Sickness, medical, and funeral benefits (social insurance):</span> Must have at least three consecutive months of contributions or at least four months of contributions in the six months before the incapacity began. There is no qualifying period for pensioners or in the case of accidents. Agricultural and dock workers must have at least three consecutive months or four months of contributions in the 12 months before the incapacity began; fishermen and fish processors must have at least three consecutive months of contributions.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefit and nursing allowance (social insurance):</span> Must have at least three consecutive months of contributions or at least four months of contributions in the six months before becoming pregnant. Agricultural and dock workers must have at least three consecutive months of contributions or at least four months of contributions in the 12 months before becoming pregnant and must have contributed during the month in which the child is born.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant and medical benefits (Seguro Integrado de Salud [<abbr>SIS</abbr>] Gratuito, social assistance, means tested):</span> Must not be covered by health insurance.</p>
|
|
<p>Means test: Must be classified as poor or extremely poor based on the Sistema de Focalización de Hogares (<abbr class="spell">SISFOH</abbr>), except in case of pregnant women or children younger than age 5.</p>
|
|
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (Subsidio por Incapacidad Temporal, social insurance):</span> 100% of the insured's average daily earnings in the last four months is paid after a <span class="nobr">one-day</span> waiting period for up to 11 months and 10 days or for up to 540 nonconsecutive days in a three-year period. The employer pays the benefit in the first 20 days; afterwards the benefit is paid by health insurance.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit (Subsidio por Maternidad, social insurance):</span> 100% of the insured's average daily earnings in the last four months is paid, up to a maximum earnings level, for 98 days. The benefit may be extended for up to 30 additional days for multiple births or the birth of a child with a disability.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Nursing allowance (Subsidio por Lactancia, social insurance):</span> A lump sum of 820 soles is paid for each eligible child.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant (Gastos de Sepelio, social insurance):</span> A lump sum of up to 2,070 soles is paid to the person who paid for the funeral; up to 1,000 soles if the deceased was covered for medical benefits through voluntary insurance.</p>
|
|
<p>The benefit cannot be combined with the funeral or death grant paid under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, and is not paid if death is the result of a work injury.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant (Gastos de Sepelio, social assistance, means tested):</span> A lump sum of up to 1,000 soles is paid for the person who paid for the funeral.</p>
|
|
<p>The benefit cannot be combined with the funeral or death grant paid under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, and is not paid if death is the result of a work injury.</p>
|
|
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (social insurance and mandatory private insurance):</span> Benefits are paid for prevention, health promotion, and health recovery. They include general, specialist, maternity, and dental care; hospitalization; laboratory services; appliances; medicine; rehabilitation; health education; preventive care; and immunization.</p>
|
|
<p>Employees have the option of receiving medical benefits from EsSalud or from an <abbr class="spell">EPS</abbr> provider. To opt for an <abbr class="spell">EPS</abbr> provider, 51% of the company's employees must agree to the change.</p>
|
|
<p>A copayment of 2% to 10% of monthly income is required for medical benefits offered by an <abbr class="spell">EPS</abbr> provider.</p>
|
|
<p>The program for the voluntarily insured covers ambulatory care and hospitalization, emergency care, maternity care, and medicines and medical supplies.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (Seguro Integrado de Salud [<abbr>SIS</abbr>] Gratuito, social assistance, means tested):</span> Benefits include general and maternity care, medical examinations, surgery, hospitalization, and medicine.</p>
|
|
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (social insurance and mandatory private insurance):</span> Benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
|
|
<p>Eligible dependents include the insured's spouse or partner and children younger than age 17 (no limit if disabled).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (Seguro Integrado de Salud [<abbr>SIS</abbr>] Gratuito, social assistance, means tested):</span> Benefits for dependents are the same as those for the primary beneficiary.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Social Security Health Insurance (EsSalud) (<a href="http://www.essalud.gob.pe/">http://www.essalud.gob.pe/</a>) administers the program.</p>
|
|
<p>National Superintendent of Health (<abbr class="spell">SUSALUD</abbr>) authorizes and supervises private health providers (<abbr class="spell">EPS</abbr>).</p>
|
|
<p>National Superintendent of Customs and Tax Administration (<abbr class="spell">SUNAT</abbr>) (<a href="https://www.sunat.gob.pe/">http://www.sunat.gob.pe/</a>) collects contributions.</p>
|
|
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1911 (work injury) and 1935 (occupational diseases).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1997 (health), 1998 (work injury), 2009 (health insurance), and 2011 (workplace health and safety).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>Persons working in <span class="nobr">high-risk</span> activities who are public- and private-sector employees, self-employed persons, or employees of worker-owned and cooperative enterprises.</p>
|
|
<p>Voluntary coverage for persons without mandatory coverage.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> A <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> monthly contribution of 13 to 38 soles, depending on the sector and associated risk.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 0.63% to 1.83% of monthly covered payroll, depending on the sector and associated risk.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are six times the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
|
|
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 930 soles.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p>Must be assessed with a work injury or occupational disease. Accidents that occur while commuting to or from work are not covered.</p>
|
|
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>See the sickness benefit paid under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
|
|
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension (Pensión por Invalidez Permanente):</span> For an assessed degree of disability of at least 66.67%, at least 70% of the insured's average earnings is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>Constant-attendance benefit: 100% of the insured's average earnings is paid if the insured requires constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum monthly constant-attendance benefit is the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
|
|
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 930 soles.</p>
|
|
<p>Partial disability: For an assessed degree of disability of 50% to 66.66%, a reduced permanent disability pension is paid based on the assessed degree of disability. For an assessed degree of disability of at least 20% but less than 50%, a lump sum of two years of the permanent disability pension is paid.</p>
|
|
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>Benefits include necessary medical, surgical, rehabilitation, and hospital care and appliances until full recovery or certification of permanent disability.</p>
|
|
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (Pensión de Sobrevivencia)</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Spouse's pension:</span> 42% of the permanent disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a widow or a dependent widower aged 60 or older (any age if disabled); 35% if there are eligible orphans.</p>
|
|
<p>The spouse's pension ceases if the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> remarries or if a disabled widower is assessed as capable of working.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Orphan's pension:</span> 14% of the permanent disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid for each orphan younger than age 18 (age 21 if a student; no limit if disabled); an additional 42% of the permanent disability pension is split equally among full orphans.</p>
|
|
<p>The legal monthly minimum orphan's pension is 500 soles.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Dependent parent's pension:</span> If there is no eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or orphan, 14% of the permanent disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to each dependent parent.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum combined survivor pension is 100% of the permanent disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive or 893 soles a month, whichever is less.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant (Gastos de Sepelio):</span> A lump sum of up to 2,070 soles is paid to the person who paid for the funeral.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Comptroller General of the Republic (http://www.contraloria.gob.pe/) provides general supervision.</p>
|
|
<p>Office of Social Security Normalization (<a href="https://www.gob.pe/onp">http://www.onp.gob.pe/</a>) administers the program.</p>
|
|
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1991 (severance account).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Mandatory individual account system.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>Private-sector employees and certain public-sector employees.</p>
|
|
<p>Special systems for civil construction workers, fishermen, artists, household workers, farm workers, and employees of microenterprises and small businesses.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 8.33% of monthly payroll is paid every six months.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p>Must have at least one month of continuous employment with the same employer with at least four working hours a day or 20 working hours a week.</p>
|
|
<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>The total account balance, minus any previous withdrawals, is paid. (The employee may withdraw funds from the account balance exceeding four times his or her monthly earnings at any time.)</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Superintendent of Banks and Insurance (<a href="https://www.sbs.gob.pe/">http://www.sbs.gob.pe/</a>) regulates and supervises financial entities.</p>
|
|
<p>Financial entities manage the mandatory individual severance accounts.</p>
|
|
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1989 (family benefit), implemented in 1990.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability system.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>Private-sector employees with salaries that are not regulated by collective agreement.</p>
|
|
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> The total cost.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p>Must be currently employed and have at least one child younger than 18 (age 24 if a student).</p>
|
|
<p>If a qualifying employee has multiple employers, the family allowance is paid by each employer.</p>
|
|
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>A monthly allowance of 10% of the legal monthly minimum wage is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 930 soles.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Employers pay the family allowance directly to employees.</p>
|
|
<p>National Labor Superintendence (<abbr class="spell">SUNAFIL</abbr>) (https://www.sunafil.gob.pe/) provides general supervision.</p>
|
|
</div>
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</article>
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