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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2016</h1>
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<h1>Kuwait</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 0.30 dinars.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1976 (civilians), implemented in 1977; 1980 (military), implemented in 1981; 1992 (supplementary), implemented in 1995; and 2014 (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Basic system:</span> <span class="nobr">Public-,</span> <span class="nobr">private-,</span> and oil-sector employees, self-employed persons, and military personnel; and Kuwaiti citizens working in one of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries (Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, or United Arab Emirates).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Supplementary system:</span> Employed persons with monthly earnings above 1,500 dinars.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Remuneration system:</span> Employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Basic system:</span> 5% of monthly earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 230 dinars.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,500 dinars.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Supplementary system:</span> 5% of monthly earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,501 dinars.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,750 dinars.</p>
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<p>An additional 2.5% of monthly earnings up to 2,750 dinars finances benefit adjustments under the basic and supplementary systems.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Remuneration system:</span> 2.5% of monthly earnings.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,500 dinars.</p>
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<p>Contributions to the remuneration system cease after 18 years.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Basic system:</span> 5% to 15% of declared monthly income, chosen by the self-employed person from 27 income bands.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 200 dinars.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,500 dinars.</p>
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<p>An additional 3.5% of monthly earnings up to 1,500 dinars finances benefit adjustments under the basic system.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Supplementary system:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Remuneration system:</span> 2.5% of declared monthly income.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,500 dinars.</p>
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<p>Contributions to the remuneration system cease after 18 years.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Basic system:</span> 10% of payroll.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 230 dinars.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,500 dinars.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Supplementary system:</span> 10% of payroll.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,501 dinars.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,750 dinars.</p>
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<p>An additional 1% of monthly earnings up to 2,750 dinars finances benefit adjustments under the basic and supplementary systems.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Remuneration system:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Basic system:</span> 10% of payroll (public employees), 32.5% of payroll (military personnel), and 25% of monthly income minus the self-employed persons' contributions (self-employed persons).</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Supplementary system:</span> 10% of payroll.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,501 dinars.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,750 dinars.</p>
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<p>An additional 2.5% of employees' monthly earnings or income (self-employed) up to 2,750 dinars finances benefit adjustments under the basic and supplementary systems.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Remuneration system:</span> 5% of payroll.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,500 dinars.</p>
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<p>Contributions to the remuneration system cease after 18 years.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Basic system:</span> Age 51 (gradually rising to age 55 by 2020) with at least 15 years of contributions; age 49 (men and unmarried women with no children, gradually rising to age 55 by 2020) with at least 20 years of contributions; age 46 (married women and women with children, gradually rising to age 50 by 2020) with at least 15 years of contributions; at any age with at least 20 years of contributions for those in arduous work or at least 15 years for women who care for a husband or child with a disability; age 60 with at least 15 years of contributions or age 55 with 20 years of contributions for self-employed persons; age 50 with at least 15 years of contributions or age 45 with 20 years of contributions for military personnel, subject to other conditions.</p>
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<p>The maximum basic <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is paid with 30 years of contributions (27.5 years for military).</p>
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<p>Deferred basic pension: The basic pension may be deferred if the insured continues to work beyond the normal retirement age.</p>
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<p>Benefits are not payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Supplementary system:</span> The qualifying conditions for the supplementary system are the same as those for the basic system.</p>
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<p>Deferred supplementary pension: The supplementary pension may be deferred if the insured continues to work beyond the normal retirement age.</p>
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<p>Benefits are not payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Remuneration system:</span> Must qualify for a basic or supplementary <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension and have at least 24 months of contributions after 2014 (certain exceptions apply); self-employed persons must have at least one year of contributions but not qualify for a basic or supplementary pension at the normal retirement age, or must have at least 30 years of contributions to the basic system.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Basic system and supplementary system:</span> Must have an assessed degree of incapacity for work of more than 50%.</p>
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<p>The general medical council assesses the degree of disability.</p>
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<p>Benefits are not payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The insured received or was entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension at the time of death.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include widows; a dependent widower with a disability and incapable of working; sons up to age 26 age 28 if a <span class="nobr">full-time</span> student, no limit if disabled); daughters of any age; parents; brothers; sisters; and a son's children.</p>
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<p>Marriage grant: Paid to the deceased's daughter or the daughter of the deceased's son.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death grant:</span> Paid when an insured person or a pensioner dies.</p>
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<p>Benefits are not payable abroad.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Basic system:</span> The benefit is 65% (75% for military personnel) of the insured's last monthly earnings or the insured's average monthly income in the last three years for self-employed persons, plus 2% for each year of contributions exceeding 15 years, up to 95% of earnings (100% for military personnel).</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate benefits are 230 dinars; 200 dinars for self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate benefits are 1,500 dinars.</p>
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<p>Deferred basic pension: In addition to the full basic <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension, a lump sum of 10% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last year of employment is paid for each of the first five years exceeding 30 years; 12% for the next five years; and 20% thereafter.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: <span class="nobr">Flat-rate</span> adjustments are made to benefits every three years.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Supplementary system:</span> The benefit is 25% to 30% (according to age) of the insured's average monthly earnings during the total contribution period plus 5% for each year of contributions, divided by a fixed amount of 202 dinars to 120 dinars (according to age).</p>
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<p>Part of the pension may be paid as a lump sum before age 65.</p>
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<p>Deferred pension (supplementary system): The benefit is increased by 5% for each year of deferral.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: <span class="nobr">Flat-rate</span> adjustments are made to benefits every three years.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly combined basic and supplementary pension ranges from 577 dinars (women and single men) to 990 dinars (men with five or more dependent children).</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Remuneration system:</span> The pension is calculated based on the insured's earnings used to calculate the basic pension multiplied by the number of years of contributions, up to 18 years.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Basic system:</span> The benefit is 65% (75% for military personnel) of the insured's last monthly earnings or the insured's average monthly income in the last three years for self-employed persons, plus 2% for each year of contributions exceeding 15 years, up to 95% of earnings (100% for military personnel). The insured is credited with contribution years from the date the disability began until age 60.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: <span class="nobr">Flat-rate</span> adjustments are made to benefits every three years.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Supplementary system:</span> The benefit is 25% to 30% (according to age) of the insured's average monthly earnings during the total contribution period plus 5% for each year of contributions, divided by a fixed amount ranging from 202 dinars to 120 dinars, according to the insured's age.</p>
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<p>The benefit is based on 15% to 25% (according to age) of the insured's average monthly earnings during the total contribution period, plus 5% for each year of contributions.</p>
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<p>The insured is credited with contribution years from the date the disability began until age 60.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: <span class="nobr">Flat-rate</span> adjustments are made to benefits every three years.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 100% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension (basic, supplementary, and remuneration systems) the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid, according to the number and category of eligible survivors. The survivor pension is split among eligible survivors in proportions determined by law.</p>
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<p>The pension is suspended on marriage but reinstated if subsequently divorced or widowed.</p>
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<p>The pension is suspended or ceases if the survivor (except the widow) starts working.</p>
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<p>If a survivor's eligibility ceases, the pension is split among all remaining eligible survivors.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly pension is 250 dinars for a widow or a dependent widower; 196 dinars for each parent; 126 dinars for each of the other survivors.</p>
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<p>Marriage grant: A lump sum of six months of the eligible survivor's share of the pension is paid. The grant is paid to each survivor only once.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death grant:</span> The grant is twice the deceased's last monthly earnings or the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension (basic and supplementary) the deceased received or was entitled to receive. The minimum grant is twice the minimum wage in the oil and private sectors.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: <span class="nobr">Flat-rate</span> adjustments are made to benefits every three years.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Public Institution for Social Security (<a href="https://www.pifss.gov.kw/">https://www.pifss.gov.kw/</a>) managed by a board of directors that is chaired by the Minister of Finance, administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1984 (health regions), 1998 (health administration), and 2010 (labor law).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability (cash benefits) and universal (medical benefits) system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits (employer liability):</span> Private-sector employees.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Citizens of Kuwait.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness and maternity benefits (employer liability):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (universal):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's earnings is paid for the first 15 days; 75% from the 16th to the 25th day; 50% from the 26th to the 35th day; and 25% from the 36th to the 45th day. Thereafter, the employee is entitled to an additional 30 days a year of unpaid leave.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit (employer liability):</span> 70% of the employee's earnings is paid for 70 days. Thereafter, the employee is entitled to an additional four months of unpaid leave.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Government hospitals and health facilities provide free health care. Benefits include primary, pediatric, maternity, diabetes, preventive, dental, and nursing care; and medicine.</p>
|
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
|
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits:</span> Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour (http://www.mosal.gov.kw/) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Ministry of Health provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Government hospitals and health facilities deliver medical benefits.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1976 (social insurance), not yet implemented.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<p>Note: Employment-related permanent disability and survivor pensions are paid under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer-liability system:</span> Private-sector employees.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Exclusions:</span> Self-employed persons.</p>
|
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
|
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> The total cost.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p>There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
|
|
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>100% of the employee's earnings is paid for up to six months; thereafter, 50% of the employee's earnings is paid until full recovery or certification of permanent disability.</p>
|
|
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>See Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
|
|
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>The employer pays the cost of necessary medical treatment, including medicine and transport.</p>
|
|
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>See Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour (http://www.mosal.gov.kw/) provides general supervision.</p>
|
|
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 2013 (unemployment insurance).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>Kuwaiti citizens working in the private and oil sectors, including in one of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries (Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, or United Arab Emirates).</p>
|
|
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 0.5% of monthly earnings.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,750 dinars.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed:</span> Not applicable.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 0.5% of monthly earnings.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,750 dinars.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Contributes as an employer.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment benefit:</span> Aged 18 to 60 and ineligible for an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension. Must have at least six consecutive months of contributions immediately before making the first claim; a total of 18 months of contributions including at least six consecutive months immediately before making the second claim; and total of 36 months of contributions including at least six consecutive months immediately before making any subsequent claim.</p>
|
|
<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>60% of the insured's last monthly earnings plus the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension the insured person would be entitled to receive under the supplementary system is paid for up to six months.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Public Institution for Social Security (<a href="https://www.pifss.gov.kw/">https://www.pifss.gov.kw/</a>), managed by a board of directors that is chaired by the Minister of Finance, administers the program.</p>
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