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<title>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2017 - Djibouti</title>
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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2017</h1>
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<h1>Djibouti</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$ 1.00&nbsp;= 177&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs.</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1976 and 1989.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 2002 (social security) and 2010 <span class="nobr">(old-age</span> pensions).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Salaried workers covered by the labor code, including private-sector employees and certain public-sector employees.</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage for previously covered employees who are unemployed.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons and agricultural workers.</p>
<p>Special system for military personnel, civil servants, and members of government.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 4% of monthly earnings; 8% of last monthly earnings for the voluntary insured.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 4% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age&nbsp;60 with at least 25&nbsp;years of contributions; age&nbsp;55 for mothers, manual workers, and dockworkers with at least 20&nbsp;years of contributions.</p>
<p>Employment must cease.</p>
<p>Early pension: Age&nbsp;50 with at least 15&nbsp;years of contributions. Must be assessed by a medical doctor as mentally or physically unable to work.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension, or had at least 18&nbsp;years of coverage at the time of death.</p>
<p>Eligible survivors include a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> aged&nbsp;45 or older with no dependent children (any age with dependent children) who were married to the deceased for the last five years; and children younger than age&nbsp;15 (age&nbsp;21 if a student, no limit if disabled).</p>
<p>The <span class="nobr">widow(er)'s</span> pension ceases upon remarriage.</p>
<p>A widower with multiple deceased wives receives only the highest survivor pension.</p>
<p>Survivor pensions are payable abroad.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> The deceased did not qualify for an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> Paid to the person who pays for the funeral.</p>
<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 1.5% of the insured's average annual salary over the last 10&nbsp;years is paid for each year of coverage from 2007; 1.8% from 2002 to 2006; and 2% from 1976 to 2001.</p>
<p>The minimum annual pension is 170,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs.</p>
<p>The maximum annual pension is 81% of the insured's average annual salary over the last 10&nbsp;years.</p>
<p>Early pension: The pension is reduced for each year that the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is claimed before the normal retirement age. The benefit ranges from 50% of the full <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension at age&nbsp;50 to 90% at age&nbsp;59.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Spouse's pension:</span> 50% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to the <span class="nobr">widow(er).</span> If there is more than one eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er),</span> the pension is split equally.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Orphan's pension:</span> 30% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is split equally among all eligible orphans.</p>
<p>The maximum orphan's pension for each orphan is 10% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive.</p>
<p>The maximum combined survivor pension is 80% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> A lump sum of total employee and employer contributions is split equally among all eligible survivors.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum is paid to cover the cost of the insured's funeral.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Employment in Charge of the Reform of the Administration provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund (<a href="https://cnss.dj/">http://www.cnss.dj/</a>), managed by a tripartite board and a director, administers the program.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1957 (work injury and occupational health) and 1972 (labor code).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1989 (family allowances), 2005 (labor code), and 2014 (universal health insurance).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance, employer-liability, and social assistance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Social insurance (cash maternity benefits):</span> Salaried workers, including foreigners covered under bilateral agreement.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social insurance (medical benefits):</span> Salaried workers covered by the labor code, household workers, manual workers, dockworkers, self-employed persons, pensioners with pensions less than 50,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs a month, and their dependents.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer liability:</span> Employed persons.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Persons not covered by the social insurance system.</p>
<p>Special system for military personnel, civil servants, and members of government.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (cash maternity benefits):</span> See source of funds under Family Allowances.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (medical benefits):</span> 2% of monthly covered earnings.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 400,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer liability:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (cash maternity benefits):</span> See source of funds under Family Allowances.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (medical benefits):</span> 7% of monthly covered earnings.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 400,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer liability:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (cash maternity benefits):</span> See source of funds under Family Allowances.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (medical benefits):</span> 5% of monthly covered payroll.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 400,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Sickness and paternity benefits (employer liability):</span> The total cost.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (cash maternity benefits):</span> See source of funds under Family Allowances.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social insurance (medical benefits):</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer liability:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> The total cost.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits (employer liability):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period. Must provide a certificate from a registered medical practitioner.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits (social insurance):</span> Must have at least three months of covered employment, notify the employer one month before the expected date of childbirth, and provide a certificate from a registered medical practitioner.</p>
<p>The maternity benefit is payable abroad under bilateral agreement.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Paternity leave (employer liability):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (social insurance):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (social assistance, means tested):</span> Must not be covered by the social insurance medical benefits system.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (employer liability):</span> 50% of the employee's monthly basic earnings or total monthly earnings is paid from 15&nbsp;days to nine months, depending on the length of employment with the employer and the type of employment.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit (social insurance):</span> 100% of the insured's monthly earnings is paid for 14&nbsp;weeks (split equally between social insurance and the employer), including eight weeks before and six weeks after the expected date of childbirth; may be extended for an additional three weeks in case of a medically certified illness resulting from the pregnancy.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Paternity leave (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's daily earnings is paid for up to three days.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> Benefits include medical treatment provided by community health centers (such as immunization and consultations for children younger than age&nbsp;5; reproductive health services including ultrasound, family planning, and childbirth; and treatment for tuberculosis, malaria, and other public health epidemics) and general practitioners, surgery, hospitalization, medicine, laboratory services, <span class="nobr">X-rays,</span> specialized treatments, and transportation for medical purposes.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social assistance (means tested):</span> Benefits include medical treatment provided by general practitioners (such as consultations and childbirth), generic medicine, radiology (except for specialized medical imaging such as scans and ultrasounds), medical analyses prescribed by specialist doctors, and any necessary treatment in public hospitals related to these examinations.</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
<p>Eligible dependents include spouses and children up to age&nbsp;18.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Employment in Charge of the Reform of the Administration provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund (<a href="https://cnss.dj/">http://www.cnss.dj/</a>), managed by a tripartite board and a director, administers the programs.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1957 and 1958.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1972 (labor code), 2002 (social security), and 2014 (universal health insurance).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Salaried workers covered by the labor code, apprentices, trainees, and self-employed persons (medical benefits only).</p>
<p>Special system for military personnel, civil servants, and members of government.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None (work injury); see source of funds under Sickness and Maternity (medical benefits).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity (medical benefits only).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 1.2% of monthly covered payroll (work injury); see source of funds under Sickness and Maternity (medical benefits).</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 400,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p>Must have worked for at least 12&nbsp;months before the disability began. The accident must be reported within 48&nbsp;hours.</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>50% of the insured's daily salary is paid during the first 29&nbsp;days; thereafter, 75% of the daily salary is paid. The benefit is paid from the day after the disability began until full recovery or certification of permanent disability.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> The pension is based on the insured's annual earnings in the 12&nbsp;months before the disability began and the insured's assessed degree of disability, from 11% to 100%.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance supplement: If the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions, 40% of the permanent disability pension is paid.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Benefits include medical treatment provided by community health centers (such as immunization and consultations for children under age&nbsp;5; reproductive health services including ultrasounds, family planning, and childbirth; and the treatment of tuberculosis, malaria, and other public health epidemics) and general practitioners, surgery, hospitalization, medicine, laboratory services, radiology, specialized treatments, and transportation for medical purposes.</p>
<p>In addition, benefits are provided under the universal health insurance program (see medical benefits under Sickness and Maternity). Benefits include medical treatment provided by general practitioners (such as consultations and childbirth), generic medicine, radiology (except for specialized medical imaging such as scans and ultrasounds), medical analyses prescribed by specialist doctors, and any necessary treatment in public hospitals related to these examinations.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension</span></p>
<p><span class="h5">Spouse's pension:</span> 30% of the deceased's annual salary is paid to the <span class="nobr">widow(er).</span> If there is more than one <span class="nobr">widow(er),</span> the pension is split equally.</p>
<p>The spouse's pension ceases upon remarriage.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Orphan's pension:</span> 15% of the deceased's annual salary is paid for the first two eligible orphans; 10% for each additional orphan; 20% for each full orphan.</p>
<p>Eligible orphans include children younger than age&nbsp;21.</p>
<p>The maximum combined survivor benefit is 85% of the deceased's annual salary.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of 72,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs is paid.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Employment in Charge of the Reform of the Administration&nbsp;provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund (<a href="https://cnss.dj/">http://www.cnss.dj/</a>), managed by a tripartite board and a director, administers the program.</p>
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1969 and 1975.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1983 and 1989 (family allowances).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Salaried workers covered by the labor code.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons and agricultural workers.</p>
<p>Special system for military personnel, civil servants, and members of government.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 5.5% of monthly covered payroll.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 25,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 400,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs.</p>
<p>The employer's contribution also finances maternity benefits.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Marriage allowance:</span> Must have worked at least 120&nbsp;hours or 18&nbsp;days in the month of marriage. For a husband with multiple wives, a monthly allowance is paid for one unemployed wife.</p>
<p>The insured's monthly income must not exceed 50,000&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs.</p>
<p>The marriage allowance is payable abroad under reciprocal agreement.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowance:</span> Must be a resident of Djibouti and have worked at least 120&nbsp;hours or 18&nbsp;days in the last month. Paid for the first six dependent children younger than age&nbsp;15 (age&nbsp;21 if a student, no limit if disabled) to the child(ren)'s main caregiver.</p>
<p>The family allowance is payable abroad under reciprocal agreement.</p>
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Marriage allowance:</span> 2,500&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs a month is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowance:</span> 1,400&nbsp;DJ&nbsp;francs a month is paid for each eligible child, up to six children.</p>
<p>Benefits are paid quarterly.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Employment in Charge of the Reform of the Administration provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund (<a href="https://cnss.dj/">http://www.cnss.dj/</a>), managed by a tripartite board and a director, administers the program.</p>
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