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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Europe, 2014</h1>
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<h1>Estonia</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 0.73 euros (€).</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1924.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1992 <span class="nobr">(old-age</span> pensions), 1992 (pensions), 2000 (funeral benefit), 2001 (individual accounts), 2004 (individual accounts), and 2004 (investments).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance and mandatory individual account system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> All permanent residents of Estonia; noncitizens residing temporarily in Estonia; and legal refugees.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory individual account:</span> All persons born after December 31, 1982, who are covered by social insurance, including self-employed persons. Voluntary coverage for persons born after December 31, 1941 and before January 1, 1983.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> 2% of earnings plus an administrative fee.</p>
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<p>There are no maximum earnings used to calculate contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> 16% of declared covered earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> 4% of declared earnings plus an administrative fee.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> 16% of gross payroll.</p>
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<p>There are no maximum earnings used to calculate contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> 4% of gross payroll.</p>
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<p>There are no maximum earnings used to calculate contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> The total cost of national pensions, pension supplements, and allowances for some categories of insured persons. Local governments pay the total cost of the funeral grant .</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension:</span> Age 63 with at least 15 years of service (men) or age 61 with at least 15 years of service (women). (The retirement age for women is gradually rising until it reaches age 63 in 2016; the retirement age for men and women will gradually rise from 2017 to 2026 until it reaches age 65).</p>
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<p>Retirement is possible up to 10 years before the normal retirement age with at least 20 years of service, including 10 years of work in especially hazardous occupations; or up to five years before the normal retirement age with at least 25 years of service, including 12 years and six months in especially hazardous occupations.</p>
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<p>Early pension: Retirement is possible up to three years before the normal retirement age with at least 15 years of service.</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: The pension may be deferred. There is no age limit.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">National <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension:</span> Age 63 and does not qualify for a social insurance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension. Must have resided in Estonia for at least five years before applying for benefits and must not be receiving a pension from any other country.</p>
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<p>Pension supplement: Paid to persons assessed with at least a 40% loss of earning capacity as a result of a nuclear test or accident and veterans of <abbr title="World War Two">WWII</abbr> or military personnel.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability pension:</span> Aged 25 to 62 with one to 14 years of coverage, depending on age. Must be assessed with a 40% to 99% loss of earning capacity (partial) or 100% (total).</p>
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<p>A medical expert assesses the degree of disability.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">National disability pension:</span> Must be assessed with a loss of at least 40% of earning capacity, must not qualify for a social insurance disability pension, and must not receive a pension from any other country.</p>
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<p>Pension supplement: Paid to persons assessed with at least a 40% loss of earning capacity as a result of a nuclear test or accident; veterans of <abbr title="World War Two">WWII</abbr> or military personnel; and certain prisoners of war.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased had at least 15 years of service. Paid to survivors aged 25 to 62 who are incapable of gainful activity and with one to 14 years of coverage, depending on age.</p>
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<p>An eligible spouse must meet one of the following conditions: at least 12 weeks' pregnant; nonworking and raising the deceased's child younger than age 3; permanently disabled and married to the deceased for at least a year; divorced and permanently incapable of work before the divorce, or if the incapacity began in the year immediately after the divorce married for at least 25 years and reached pensionable age within three years after the divorce; or of pensionable age.</p>
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<p>Other eligible survivors include children, stepchildren, siblings, and grandchildren younger than age 18 (age 24 if a <span class="nobr">full-time</span> student, no limit if disabled); parents or stepparents of pensionable age or with a disability; or a non-employed guardian raising the deceased's children.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">National survivor pension:</span> Paid when the family breadwinner dies and was ineligible for a social insurance pension. The survivor must not receive a pension from any other country.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory individual account</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension:</span> Age 63 with at least 15 years of service (men) or age 61 with at least 15 years of service (women), receiving the social insurance <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension, and first contributed to the individual account at least five years before the date of retirement. The retirement age for women is gradually rising until it reaches age 63 in 2016; the retirement age for men and women will gradually rise from 2017 to 2026 until it reaches age 65.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension:</span> The pension is paid to survivors named by the deceased; if there are no named survivors, the pension is paid to the deceased's spouse and orphans.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension:</span> The monthly benefit has three components: a <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> amount of €134.91; a length of service component which equals the number of years of service up to December 31, 1998, multiplied by the value of a year of pensionable service; and an insurance component based on contributions paid after January 1, 1999.</p>
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<p>The value of a year of pensionable service is €4.964.</p>
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<p>Employment may continue.</p>
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<p>Early pension: The pension is reduced by 0.4% for each month before the normal retirement age.</p>
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<p>Employment must cease.</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: The pension is increased by 0.9% for each month of deferral.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is the monthly national pension rate of €140.81.</p>
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<p>There is no maximum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually in April according to changes in the consumer price index and the annual increase in social tax contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">National <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension:</span> The pension is the monthly national pension rate of €140.81.</p>
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<p>Pension supplement: 10% of the national pension rate of €140.81 is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: The national pension is adjusted annually by the Estonian parliament.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory individual account</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension:</span> The value of the pension depends on the insured's contributions plus accrued interest. At retirement, the insured must purchase a life annuity or make programmed withdrawals if the pension is less than 25% of the national pension rate.</p>
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<p>The monthly national pension rate is €140.81.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability pension:</span> The monthly pension is either the insured's <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension or a <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> amount of €134.91 plus a length-of-service component based on 30 years of coverage multiplied by the assessed degree of disability, whichever is greater</p>
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<p>The amount of time the pension is paid depends on the assessed degree of disability, from six months up to retirement age.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly disability pension is the national pension rate of €140.81.</p>
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<p>There is no maximum disability pension.</p>
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<p>Persons receiving a disability pension may continue working.</p>
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<p>The disability pension is replaced by an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension at retirement age.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Disability pensions are adjusted annually in April according to changes in the consumer price index and the annual increase in social tax contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">National disability pension:</span> A percentage of the monthly national pension rate of €140.81 is paid according to the assessed degree of disability.</p>
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<p>Employment may continue.</p>
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<p>Pension supplement: 10% of the monthly national pension rate is paid to persons incapacitated for work as a result of a nuclear test or accident, World War <abbr title="two">II</abbr> veterans, and military personnel; 20% to certain World War <abbr title="two">II</abbr> prisoners of war.</p>
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<p>The monthly national pension rate is €140.81.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: The national pension rate is adjusted annually by the Estonian parliament.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension:</span> 50% of the reference pension is paid for one survivor, 80% for two, and 100% for three or more. The amount is split equally among all eligible survivors.</p>
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<p>The reference pension is either the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension the deceased received (or was entitled to receive), or the sum of the <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> amount of €134.91 plus a length-of-service component based on 30 years of coverage multiplied by the assessed degree of disability, whichever is greater.</p>
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<p>The survivor pension is paid for 12 months after remarriage.</p>
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<p>Full orphans receive the survivor pension for both parents.</p>
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<p>The minimum survivor pension is 40% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension paid for a person with a length-of-service component based on 30 years of coverage.</p>
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<p>The maximum survivor pension is 100% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension paid for a person with a length-of-service component based on 30 years of coverage.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">National survivor pension:</span> 50% of the monthly national pension rate is paid for one survivor, 80% for two, and 100% for three or more. The amount is split equally among all eligible survivors.</p>
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<p>The monthly national pension rate is €140.81.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: The national pension rate is adjusted annually by the Estonian parliament.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of €191.74 is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory individual account</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension:</span> If the insured dies before retirement, designated survivors receive the accumulated value of the individual account. If the insured dies after retirement, designated survivors may receive a periodic benefit for at least five years.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance</span></p>
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<p>Ministry of Social Affairs (<a href="https://www.sm.ee">http://www.sm.ee</a>) is responsible for general management and supervision.</p>
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<p>National Social Insurance Board (<a href="https://sotsiaalkindlustusamet.ee/">http://www.ensib.ee</a>) is responsible for overall planning and coordination.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory individual account</span></p>
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<p>Ministry of Finance (<a href="https://www.fi.ee">http://www.fi.ee</a>) supervises the Financial Supervisory Authority and the Registrar of the Estonian Central Register of Securities.</p>
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<p>Financial Supervisory Authority (<a href="https://www.fi.ee">http://www.fi.ee</a>) supervises financial services providers, including pension management companies and life insurance companies.</p>
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<p>Registrar of the Estonian Central Register of Securities (http://www.e-register.ee) sets up a pension account for each insured person.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1924.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 2000 (health insurance fund), implemented in 2001; 2002 (health organization); and 2002 (health insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits:</span> Insured employees, employers, and self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Insured persons with an employment or service contract; self-employed person; public-sector workers; military personnel; persons receiving certain benefits; caregivers; persons younger than age 19; and students.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for persons who were previously insured for at least 12 months in the last two years and for persons receiving a pension from another country.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p>Voluntarily insured pay €115 a month.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 13% of declared earnings.</p>
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<p>The self-employed person's contributions also finance work injury benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 13% of payroll.</p>
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<p>The employer's contributions also finance work injury benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits:</span> Must be a current member of the Health Insurance Fund, regardless of the length of service.</p>
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<p>A doctor must certify the incapacity for work from the second day of incapacity.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Must be a current member of the Health Insurance Fund.</p>
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<p>Must have 14 days of employment for workers with an employment or service contract exceeding one month, self-employed persons, and civil servants; three months for persons with other types of contracts. There is no qualifying period for persons for whom the government pays the total contribution (see source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors).</p>
|
|
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 70% of the reference wage is paid from the ninth day of sickness for temporary sick leave from employment or periods of quarantine; 80% for hospitalization, outpatient treatment, caring for a sick family member at home, or a child with a disability who is younger than age 16; and 100% for an occupational disease or a work injury. (The employer pays 70% of the insured's average wages from the fourth to the eighth day of incapacity.) The benefit is paid for up to 182 calendar days for each period of sickness; for up to 240 calendar days for tuberculosis.</p>
|
|
<p>The reference wage is the insured's average gross daily wage in the previous calendar year. There is no maximum reference wage.</p>
|
|
<p>Benefits also include wage compensation for a temporary transfer to another job as a result of the incapacity. The benefit is the difference between earnings before and after the job transfer. The benefit is paid from the transfer day for up to 60 calendar days.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 100% of the reference wage is paid for up to 140 calendar days.</p>
|
|
<p>Adoption allowance: Paid for up to 70 calendar days for the adoption of a child younger than age 10.</p>
|
|
<p>The reference wage is the insured's average gross daily wage in the previous calendar year. There is no maximum reference wage.</p>
|
|
<p>Benefits also include wage compensation for a temporary transfer to another job as a result of pregnancy. The benefit is the difference between earnings before and after the job transfer. The benefit is paid from the transfer day until the start of maternity (or adoption) leave.</p>
|
|
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> National and local health care institutions provide medical benefits.</p>
|
|
<p>The duration of the benefits is unlimited as long as the insured is covered; after coverage ceases, the insured continues to qualify for new benefits for up to two months.</p>
|
|
<p>Pharmaceutical products: must be approved by the Ministry of Social Affairs, based on the diagnosis and according to a schedule in law.</p>
|
|
<p>Cost sharing: The insured pays from €1.27 to €3.19 and from 0% to 50% of the cost of prescribed medicine, according to a schedule in law. If the price of a product exceeds the reference price (a standard maximum), the insured also pays the difference.</p>
|
|
<p>The Health Insurance Fund also reimburses the insured for 50% of annual out-of-pocket costs of medicine from €384 to €640 plus 75% from €640 to €1,300, up to €623 a year.</p>
|
|
<p>No copayment is required for periods of intensive care, inpatient specialized medical care as the result of pregnancy or childbirth, or inpatient medical care for a child.</p>
|
|
<p>The insured receives temporary prosthesis after amputation and certain other appliances.</p>
|
|
<p>Pensioners receive cash benefits for dental prostheses every three years.</p>
|
|
<p>The Health Insurance Fund may authorize planned medical treatment abroad in special cases.</p>
|
|
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as for the insured.</p>
|
|
<p>Children younger than age 19 receive free dental care.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Ministry of Social Affairs (<a href="https://www.sm.ee">http://www.sm.ee</a>) is responsible for general management, supervision, and planning.</p>
|
|
<p>Health Insurance Fund (<a href="https://www.tervisekassa.ee/">http://www.haigekassa.ee</a>) coordinates health insurance and administers benefits.</p>
|
|
<p>Doctors, polyclinics, and hospitals provide medical benefits.</p>
|
|
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1924.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1956 (civil code), 2001 (pension insurance), 2001 (obligations) and 2002 (health insurance).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system (There is no specific program for work injuries and occupational diseases. Cash and medical benefits are provided through the Sickness and Maternity and Old Age, Disability, and Survivor programs. Under the civil code, additional benefits are provided by employers).</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>Employed and self-employed persons who are permanent residents of Estonia.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> The total cost for employees whose employer is insolvent.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> Accidents that occur while commuting to and from work are covered.</p>
|
|
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>100% of the reference wage is paid until the degree of disability has been assessed.</p>
|
|
<p>The reference wage is the insured's average gross daily wage in the previous calendar year. There is no maximum reference wage.</p>
|
|
<p>A medical commission assesses the degree of disability.</p>
|
|
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> Paid with at least a 40% loss of earning capacity.</p>
|
|
<p>The monthly pension is the reference pension multiplied by the assessed degree of loss of earning capacity.</p>
|
|
<p>The reference pension is the greater of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension or the sum of the <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> amount of €126.82 plus a length-of-service component based on 30 years of coverage.</p>
|
|
<p>The monthly length-of-service component is €4.72 multiplied by the number of years of service up to December 31, 1998.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum monthly permanent disability pension is the monthly national pension rate of €140.81.</p>
|
|
<p>There is no maximum permanent disability pension.</p>
|
|
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually in April according to changes in the consumer price index and the annual increase in social tax contributions.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Compensation benefit:</span> Paid for a loss of earning capacity from 10% to 40%. The benefit is the insured's average gross earnings in the last 12 months before the work injury occurred or occupational disease began multiplied by the assessed loss of earning capacity minus the amount of any pension paid by the government.</p>
|
|
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>National and local medical institutions provide medical benefits.</p>
|
|
<p>Medical rehabilitation is provided. Local authorities are responsible for providing social rehabilitation (including special transportation for persons with disabilities, necessary adaptation of the person's home, and personal assistance).</p>
|
|
<p>If the medical commission certifies the need for additional expenses, the employer must meet the cost of prostheses and aids, prescribed medicine, travel expenses to and treatment in a sanatorium, and expenses for auxiliary care.</p>
|
|
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability and Survivors.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Ministry of Social Affairs (<a href="https://www.sm.ee">http://www.sm.ee</a>) is responsible for general management and supervision.</p>
|
|
<p>Health Insurance Fund (<a href="https://www.tervisekassa.ee/">http://www.haigekassa.ee</a>) coordinates health insurance and administers benefits.</p>
|
|
<p>Doctors, polyclinics, and hospitals provide medical benefits.</p>
|
|
<p>Social Insurance Board (<a href="https://sotsiaalkindlustusamet.ee/">http://www.ensib.ee</a>) administers permanent disability benefits.</p>
|
|
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1991.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 2001 (unemployment insurance) and 2005 (labor market services).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance and social assistance system.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>Permanent residents of Estonia, noncitizens residing temporarily in Estonia, and legal refugees.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Unemployment insurance benefit:</span> 2% of gross earnings.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Unemployment allowance:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Unemployment insurance benefit:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Unemployment allowance:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Unemployment insurance benefit:</span> 1% of gross payroll.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Unemployment allowance:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Unemployment insurance benefit:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Unemployment allowance:</span> The total cost.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment insurance benefit (social insurance):</span> Must be capable of gainful activity, aged 16 to the normal retirement age (except for early pensioners), registered as unemployed by an employment office of the Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund, and involuntarily unemployed with at least 12 months of insured work in the 36 months before registering as unemployed.</p>
|
|
<p>There is a waiting period of seven calendar days.</p>
|
|
<p>The benefit is suspended if the insured does not register with an employment office of the Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund at least once every 30 calendar days or refuses a suitable job offer.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment allowance (social assistance):</span> Must be capable of gainful activity, aged 16 up to the retirement age (except for early pensioners), registered as unemployed with an employment office of the Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund, have at least 180 calendar days of employment in the 12 months before registering as unemployed, and have personal income less than the value of the daily unemployment allowance of €3.62. Employment periods include <span class="nobr">full-time</span> education, military service, raising a child younger than age 7, treatment in a hospital, caring for a sick person, or periods of disability or detention.</p>
|
|
<p>There is a general waiting period of seven calendar days; 60 calendar days from the date of registration as unemployed for recently graduated students.</p>
|
|
<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment insurance benefit (social insurance):</span> 50% of reference earnings is paid for the first 100 calendar days; thereafter, 40% of reference earnings. The benefit is paid for 180 calendar days with up to 56 months of coverage; for 270 calendar days with 56 to 110 months; or for 360 calendar days with 111 months or more.</p>
|
|
<p>Reference earnings are average daily earnings on which unemployment insurance contributions have been paid during the 12 months before registering as unemployed.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum daily earnings used to calculate contributions are three times the national average daily income for the previous calendar year.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment allowance (social assistance):</span> A daily allowance of €3.62 is paid for up to 270 calendar days; 210 calendar days for unemployed persons who are dismissed by their employer for a breach of duties, loss of confidence, or indecent act.</p>
|
|
<p>The unemployment allowance may be extended up to the pensionable age if there are less than 180 calendar days until the claimant reaches the pensionable age.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund (<a href="https://www.tootukassa.ee">http://www.tootukassa.ee</a>), under the supervision of the Ministry of Social Affairs (<a href="https://www.sm.ee">http://www.sm.ee</a>) registers the unemployed and pays benefits.</p>
|
|
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1922.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 2001 (family benefits) and 2003 (parental benefits).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social assistance system.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>Permanent residents of Estonia and aliens residing in Estonia with a temporary residence permit.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> The total cost.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> All children younger than age 16 (age 19 if a <span class="nobr">full-time</span> student).</p>
|
|
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Childbirth allowance:</span> €320 is paid for each child (including an adopted child); €1,000 for multiple births of three or more children.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Child allowance:</span> Twice the child allowance rate is paid monthly for each of the first two children; eight times the child allowance rate for each additional child.</p>
|
|
<p>The child allowance rate is €9.59.</p>
|
|
<p>Single parent's child allowance: A monthly benefit of twice the child allowance is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>Disabled child allowance: A monthly benefit of 2.7 times the social benefit rate is paid for a child with a moderate disability or 3.15 times for a severe disability.</p>
|
|
<p>The social benefit rate is €25.57.</p>
|
|
<p>Large family supplement: For families with at least seven children, a monthly benefit of 2.2 times the child allowance rate is paid for each child.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Child care allowance:</span> The allowance is paid to a parent (or guardian) raising one or more children younger than age 3. The monthly allowance is 0.5 times the child allowance rate for each child younger than age 3 plus 0.25 percent for each child aged 3 to 8.</p>
|
|
<p>The child care allowance rate is €76.70.</p>
|
|
<p>Supplementary child care allowance: A monthly allowance of €6.40 is paid to a parent raising children at home for up to a year.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Disabled student allowance:</span> A monthly allowance of between 25% and 100% of the social benefit rate (depending on expenses incurred by the student) is paid to a nonworking, disabled student completing secondary school or in vocational or higher education (not paid in July and August).</p>
|
|
<p>The social benefit rate is €25.57.</p>
|
|
<p>Conscript's child allowance: A monthly allowance is paid for children of conscripted military personnel at five times the child allowance rate.</p>
|
|
<p>The child care allowance rate is €76.70.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Foster care allowance:</span> Twenty times the child allowance rate is paid for children up to age 16 cared for by a guardian or foster parent.</p>
|
|
<p>The child care allowance rate is €76.70.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Start in independent life allowance:</span> A lump sum of €383.60 is paid to persons without parental care who have grown up in a social welfare institution or attended a special needs school.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Parental benefit:</span> A monthly benefit is paid for 435 days after the maternity benefit period ends (based on a total payment of 100% of the reference wage multiplied by 435 days).</p>
|
|
<p>The reference wage is the insured's average gross daily wage in the previous calendar year calculated based on the insured income used for social tax contribution calculation purposes.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum monthly parental benefit is €320.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly parental benefit is €2,378.25.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Ministry of Social Affairs (<a href="https://www.sm.ee">http://www.sm.ee</a>) is responsible for general management and supervision.</p>
|
|
<p>National Social Insurance Board (<a href="https://sotsiaalkindlustusamet.ee/">http://www.ensib.ee</a>) coordinates and administers benefits.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
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</article>
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