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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2015</h1>
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<h1>Venezuela</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 6.30 bolivares.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1940.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1995 (minimum pension), 2011 (social assistance), 2012 (social security), and 2012 (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance and social assistance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> Public- and private-sector employees; members of cooperatives; and household, seasonal, and casual workers.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>Special system for military personnel.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Needy residents of Venezuela.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> 4% of monthly covered earnings for private-sector workers; 2% for public-sector workers.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 10 times the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 9,648.18 bolivares a month (December 2015).</p>
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<p>The insured's contributions also finance sickness and maternity benefits, and the marriage grant (see Family Allowances).</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> 13% of declared income.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> From 9% to 11% of covered payroll for private-sector workers, according to the assessed degree of risk; 4% of covered payroll for public-sector workers.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 10 times the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 9,648.18 bolivares a month (December 2015).</p>
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<p>The employer's contributions also finance sickness and maternity benefits, and the marriage grant (see Family Allowances).</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> At least 1.5% of total covered earnings for administrative costs.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (social insurance):</span> Age 60 (men) or age 55 (women) with at least 750 weeks of contributions (250 weeks in the last 10 years for the voluntarily insured); if less than 750 weeks of contributions, the insured may continue to contribute until reaching 750 weeks. The pensionable age is lower for those in unhealthy and arduous work.</p>
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<p>Retirement is not necessary.</p>
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<p>The pension is payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age grant (social insurance):</span> Older than age 60 (men) or age 55 (women) with less than 750 weeks of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Gran Misión En Amor Mayor pension (social assistance):</span> Age 60 (men) or age 55 (women). Total household income must be below the legal monthly minimum wage and must have resided in Venezuela for the last 10 years.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 9,648.18 bolivares a month (December 2015).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (social insurance):</span> Assessed with a permanent or prolonged loss of more than 66.7% of working capacity with at least 250 weeks of contributions (reduced by 20 weeks of contributions for each year the insured is younger than age 35), including at least 100 weeks in the last three years before the disability began.</p>
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<p>Partial disability pension: Assessed with a 25% to 66.6% degree of disability.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: The insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability grant (social insurance):</span> Assessed with a permanent or prolonged loss of more than 66.7% of working capacity with at least 100 weeks of contributions in the last four years before the disability began, but does not meet the contribution requirements for a disability pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (social insurance):</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension or was a pensioner at the time of death. There is no qualifying period if the death is caused by an accident.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include a widow older than age 45 or a female partner older than age 45 who cohabited with the deceased for at least two years; a widow or partner with dependent children; a dependent widower aged 60 or older or disabled; and unmarried children younger than age 14 (age 18 if a student, no limit if disabled). If there are no other survivors, siblings younger than age 14 and dependent parents are eligible.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor grant (social insurance):</span> The deceased did not meet the contribution requirements for an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension but had at least 100 weeks of contributions in the last four years.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant (social insurance):</span> Paid to the person who pays for the funeral of the insured or pensioner.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (social insurance):</span> A basic amount of 3,000 bolivares a month plus 30% of the insured's reference salary and 1% of earnings for each <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of contributions exceeding 750 weeks is paid.</p>
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<p>The reference salary is 20% of the insured's covered earnings in the last five years or 10% in the last 10 years, whichever is greater.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 9,648.18 bolivares a month (December 2015).</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: An additional 5% of the pension is paid for each year the pension is deferred after the pensionable age.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 9,648.18 bolivares a month (December 2015).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age grant (social insurance):</span> A lump sum of 10% of the insured's total covered earnings is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in prices and wages.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Gran Misión En Amor Mayor pension (social assistance):</span> The legal monthly minimum wage is paid.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 9,648.18 bolivares a month (December 2015).</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> A basic amount of 3,000 bolivares a month plus 30% of the insured's reference salary and 1% of earnings for each <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of contributions exceeding 750 weeks is paid.</p>
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<p>The reference salary is 20% of the insured's covered earnings in the last five years or 10% in the last 10 years, whichever is greater.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is 40% of the insured's reference salary.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: Up to 50% of the disability pension is paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: For an assessed degree of disability of 25% to 66.6%, a percentage of the total disability pension is paid according to the assessed degree of disability.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability grant:</span> A lump sum of 10% of the deceased's total covered earnings is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in prices and wages.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension:</span> 40% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to an eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or partner. (A widow or female partner younger than age 45 receives a lump sum of two years of the spouse's pension.)</p>
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<p>The minimum spouse's pension is the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 9,648.18 bolivares a month (December 2015).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 20% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to each orphan younger than age 14 (age 18 if a student, no limit if disabled); 40% for one full orphan; and 20% each for two full orphans.</p>
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<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the deceased's pension.</p>
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<p>Other eligible survivors: If there is no eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er),</span> partner, or orphan, 10% of the deceased's total covered earnings may be paid to eligible siblings and parents.</p>
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<p>The amount paid is recalculated if the number of eligible survivors changes.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Pensions are adjusted periodically according to changes in prices and wages.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor grant:</span> A lump sum of 10% of the deceased's total covered earnings is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of 5,000 bolivares is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in prices and wages.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of the People's Power for Labor and Social Security (http://www.minpptrass.gob.ve) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Social Insurance Institute (<a href="http://www.ivss.gov.ve">http://www.ivss.gov.ve</a>), managed by a tripartite board and director general, administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1940.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1998 (health care), 2007 (protection of children and adolescents), 2007 (family, maternity, and paternity protection), 2012 (social insurance), 2012 (labor law), and 2012 (social security).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Public- and private-sector employees; members of cooperatives; household, seasonal, and casual workers; persons receiving <span class="nobr">old-age,</span> disability, or survivor benefits; and certain dependents.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness, maternity, and paternity benefits:</span> Must be currently insured.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Must be currently insured.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 66.7% of the insured's average daily earnings is paid after a three-day waiting period for up to 52 weeks; may be extended under certain conditions. The benefit is reduced by 50% if the insured is hospitalized.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 100% of the insured's earnings is paid for up to six weeks before and 20 weeks after the date of childbirth (may be extended under certain conditions) or for 26 weeks from the date of placement for the adoption of a child younger than age 3.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Paternity benefit:</span> 100% of the insured's earnings is paid for 14 days immediately following the date of childbirth or the date of placement for the adoption of a child younger than age 3.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>The Social Security Institute's medical facilities normally provide free medical services directly to patients for up to 52 weeks; may be extended for another 52 weeks for convalescent care. Benefits include general and specialist care, hospitalization, laboratory services, medicine, dental care, maternity care, appliances, and transportation.</p>
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<p>Unemployed insured persons and their dependents are covered for medical benefits for up to 52 weeks; may be extended for another 52 weeks. Benefits include general and specialist care, hospitalization, laboratory services, medicine, dental care, maternity care, appliances, and transportation.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents (and survivors) are the same as those for the insured. Pensioners' dependents receive medical benefits for a maximum of 26 weeks.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of the People's Power for Labor and Social Security (http://www.minpptrass.gob.ve) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Social Insurance Institute (<a href="http://www.ivss.gov.ve">http://www.ivss.gov.ve</a>) managed by a tripartite board and director general, administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1923.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1991 (social insurance), 2005 (prevention and working conditions), and 2012 (social security).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Public- and private-sector employees; members of cooperatives; and household and custodial workers.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Military personnel.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 0.75% to 10% of covered payroll, according to the assessed degree of risk.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p>There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>100% of the insured's earnings is paid after a three-day waiting period until the insured is rehabilitated, recovered, or certified with a permanent disability.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> A basic amount of 3,000 bolivares a month plus 30% of the insured's reference salary and 1% of earnings for each <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of contributions exceeding 750 weeks is paid.</p>
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<p>The reference salary is 20% of the insured's covered earnings in the last five years or 10% in the last 10 years, whichever is greater.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is 66.66% of the insured's covered earnings.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: Up to 50% of the insured's disability pension is paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: For an assessed degree of disability of 26% to 65%, a percentage of the full pension is paid according to the assessed degree of disability. For an assessed degree of disability of 5% to 25%, a lump sum of three times the insured's last covered earnings multiplied by the assessed degree of disability is paid.</p>
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<p>Schedule of payments: 14 payments a year.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Benefits include free general, specialist, and dental care; hospitalization; medicine; laboratory services; appliances; and rehabilitation services.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension:</span> 40% of the disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to an eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or partner. (A widow or female partner younger than age 45 receives a lump sum of two years of the spouse's pension.)</p>
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<p>The minimum spouse's pension is the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 9,648.18 bolivares a month (December 2015).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 20% of the disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to each orphan younger than age 14 (age 18 if a student, no limit if disabled); 40% for one full orphan; and 20% each for two full orphans.</p>
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<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the disability pension the deceased received or was eligible to receive pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Other eligible survivors:</span> If there is no eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er),</span> partner, or orphan, 10% of the deceased's total covered earnings may be paid to eligible siblings and parents.</p>
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<p>The amount paid is recalculated if the number of eligible survivors changes.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Pensions are adjusted periodically according to changes in prices and wages.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of 5,000 bolivares is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in prices and wages.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of the People's Power for Labor and Social Security (http://www.minpptrass.gob.ve) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Institute for Prevention, Health, and Security at Work (http://www.inpsasel.gob.ve) manages and administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1940.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 2005 (unemployment) and 2012 (social security).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Public- and private-sector employees, members of cooperatives, household and custodial workers, self-employed persons, and apprentices.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured:</span> 0.5% of covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 10 times the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 9,648.18 bolivares a month (December 2015).</p>
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<p>The insured's contributions also finance health insurance for unemployed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 2.5% of covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are the minimum urban wage.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 10 times the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 9,648.18 bolivares a month (December 2015).</p>
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<p>The self-employed person's contributions also finance health insurance for unemployed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 2% of payroll.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 10 times the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 9,648.18 bolivares a month (December 2015).</p>
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<p>The employer's contributions also finance health insurance for unemployed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Contributes as necessary; may subsidize up to 50% of contributions for low-income insured persons.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p>Must have at least 12 months of contributions in the 24 months before unemployment began and must be available for training or suitable employment. Self-employed persons must have involuntarily lost their income.</p>
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<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
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<p>60% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 12 months is paid for up to five months.</p>
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<p>Unemployment beneficiaries and their dependents receive medical benefits for up to 52 weeks (see Sickness and Maternity).</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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|
<p>Ministry of the People's Power for Labor and Social Security (http://www.minpptrass.gob.ve) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Employment services administer training and guidance.</p>
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<p>Social Insurance Institute (<a href="http://www.ivss.gov.ve">http://www.ivss.gov.ve</a>), managed by a tripartite board and director general, administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Marriage grant:</span> A lump sum of 7,000 bolivares is paid with at least 100 weeks of contributions in the three years before marriage. (The grant is provided under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.)</p>
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