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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2015</h1>
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<h1>Canada</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 1.34 Canadian dollars (C$).</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First laws:</span> 1927 <span class="nobr">(old-age</span> assistance), 1937 (blind assistance), and 1955 (disability assistance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1952 (universal pension), 1965 (earnings-related pension), and 1967 (income-tested supplement).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Universal and social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Universal pension <span class="nobr">(Old-Age</span> Security):</span> Legal residents of Canada.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Earnings-related pension (Canada Pension Plan (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>)/Quebec Pension Plan (<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>)):</span> Employed and self-employed persons working in Canada.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Casual workers (annual earnings less than C$3,500).</p>
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<p>A province may opt out of the federal earnings-related <abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr> if it establishes a comparable program, as with the <abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>; benefits are portable between the two plans.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Universal pension:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Earnings-related pension:</span> 4.95% of covered earnings (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>) or 5.25% of covered earnings (5.325% in 2016) (<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>).</p>
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<p>The minimum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are C$3,500.</p>
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<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are C$53,600 (C$54,900 in 2016) (adjusted annually according to changes in the consumer price index).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Universal pension:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Earnings-related pension:</span> 9.9% of covered earnings (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>) or 10.5% of covered earnings (10.65% in 2016) (<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>).</p>
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<p>The minimum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are C$3,500.</p>
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<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are C$53,600 (C$54,900 in 2016) (adjusted annually according to changes in the consumer price index).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Universal pension:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Earnings-related pension:</span> 4.95% of payroll (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>) or 5.25% of payroll (5.325% in 2016) (<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>).</p>
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<p>The minimum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are C$3,500.</p>
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<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are C$53,600 (C$54,900 in 2016) (adjusted annually according to changes in the consumer price index).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Universal pension:</span> The total cost, including the cost of income-tested benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Earnings-related pension:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Universal pension <span class="nobr">(Old-Age</span> Security):</span> Age 65 (gradually rising by two years from 2023 to 2029) with at least 10 years of residence in Canada after age 18. Retirement is not necessary.</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: Aged 65 to 70 (gradually rising by two years from 2023 to 2029).</p>
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<p>The pension is payable abroad if the beneficiary resided in Canada for at least 20 years after age 18.</p>
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<p>Low-income guaranteed income supplement (income tested): Aged 65 or older, receiving the universal pension, and with low annual income. Income is based on individual income or family income if the pensioner has a spouse or common-law partner (same sex or opposite sex). The supplement is payable abroad for up to six months.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Low-income allowance (income tested):</span> Aged 60 to 64, with at least 10 years of residence in Canada after age 18, and the claimant's spouse or common-law partner (same sex or opposite sex) is entitled to the universal pension and the low-income guaranteed income supplement. At age 65, the allowance is replaced by the universal <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension and, depending on income, the low-income guaranteed income supplement.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Earnings-related retirement pension (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>/<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>):</span> Age 65 with at least one valid annual contribution. Retirement or reduction of work hours is not necessary.</p>
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<p>Reduced pension: Aged 60 to 64.</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: Aged 65 to 70.</p>
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<p><abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr> post-retirement benefit/<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr> retirement pension supplement: Paid to pensioners who continue to work. For the <abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>, contributions on pensionable employment income are mandatory for pensioners aged 60 to 64 and voluntary for those aged 65 to 70. Employer contributions are mandatory for employees aged 65 to 70 who chose to contribute. For the <abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>, contributions are mandatory for pensioners of any age.</p>
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<p>The pension is payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Earnings-related disability pension (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>/<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>):</span> Assessed with a severe and prolonged disability that prevents any substantial gainful occupation and had contributions in four of the last six years, or three of the last six years for those with at least 25 years of contributions. For the <abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>, must have at least two of the last three years of contributions; five of the last ten years; or half of the period from age 18 to the month in which the insured person is assessed as disabled, and at least two years of contributions.</p>
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<p>The minimum annual earnings used to establish eligibility for the disability pension are C$5,300 (10% of the maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions rounded down to the nearest C$100).</p>
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<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are C$53,600.</p>
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<p>The pension is payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Universal pension survivor allowance (income tested):</span> Paid to low-income <span class="nobr">widow(er)s</span> aged 60 to 64 who are residents of Canada and have resided in Canada for at least 10 years after age 18.</p>
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<p>The survivor allowance ceases on remarriage or entering into a common-law relationship lasting at least a year.</p>
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<p>The survivor allowance is replaced by the universal <span class="nobr">old-age</span> security pension at age 65 and, depending on the insured's income, the low-income guaranteed income supplement.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Earnings-related survivor pension (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>/<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>):</span> The deceased must have made contributions during the lesser of 10 years or <span class="nobr">one-third</span> of the years in which contributions could have been made; the minimum contribution period is three years.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or common-law partner (same sex or opposite sex) and children younger than age 18 (age 25 if a <span class="nobr">full-time</span> student). A surviving spouse younger than age 35 at the time of the insured's death who does not have dependent children or a disability is ineligible for a survivor's pension under the <abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr> until age 65.</p>
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<p>The survivor pension ceases on remarriage or entering into a common-law relationship. If a surviving spouse is entitled to more than one spouse's pension from previous relationships, only one benefit (whichever is highest) is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Death benefit:</span> The deceased must have 10 years of contributions; or have contributions in <span class="nobr">one-third</span> of the years from age 18 to the month of death, and at least three years of contributions.</p>
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<p>Survivor benefits are payable abroad.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Universal pension <span class="nobr">(Old-Age</span> Security):</span> The pension is 0.025 times the maximum monthly pension for each year of residence in Canada after age 18, up to 40 years.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly pension is C$569.95 (December 2015).</p>
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<p>The pension of high-income earners (over C$72,809 a year) is subject to recovery (the pension is reduced by 15% of annual income, minus allowable income tax deductions and expenses). The pension is completely recovered at an annual income of C$118,055.</p>
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<p>Low-income guaranteed income supplement (income tested): The maximum monthly universal pension including the supplement is C$1,342.78 for a single person or C$2,164.78 for a couple (December 2015).</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: The pension is increased by 0.6% a month for each month the pension is taken after age 65, up age 70.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Low-income allowance (income tested):</span> Up to C$1,082.39 (December 2015) a month is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Automatic quarterly adjustments of benefits are made according to changes in the consumer price index.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Earnings-related retirement pension (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>/<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>):</span> The full pension is paid at age 65 and represents about 25% of the insured's average monthly pensionable earnings (adjusted to changes in the consumer price index) during the contributory period. (The contributory period starts at age 18 or January 1, 1966, whichever is later, and ends when claiming a pension, at age 70, or upon death.) Months in which the insured was caring for a child younger than age 7 or receiving a disability benefit may be disregarded, and 17% (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>) or 15% (<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>) of the months with the lowest income are disregarded.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly pension taken at age 65 is C$1,065.00 (C$1,092.50 in 2016).</p>
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<p>Reduced pension: The pension is reduced by 0.56% (rising to 0.6% in 2016) for each month the beneficiary is younger than age 65, up to 33.6% (rising to 36%) at age 60.</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: The pension is increased by 0.7% for each month the pension is taken after age 65, up to 42% at age 70.</p>
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<p>Pension credits accumulated by spouses or common-law partners (same sex or opposite sex) during marriage or cohabitation may be divided equally in case of divorce or separation.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Earnings-related pensions are automatically adjusted annually according to changes in the consumer price index.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Earnings-related disability pension (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>/<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>):</span> A basic monthly pension of C$465.84 (C$471.43 in 2016) (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>) or C$465.81 (C$471.40 in 2016) (<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>) plus 75% of the earnings-related retirement pension is paid.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly pension is C$1,264.59 (C$1,290.81 in 2016) (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>) or C$1,264.56 (C$1,290.78 in 2016) (<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>).</p>
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<p>The disability pension is replaced by the retirement pension at age 65.</p>
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<p>Child's benefit: C$234.87 a month (C$237.69 in 2016) is paid for each child younger than age 18; age 25 if a <span class="nobr">full-time</span> student. (<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>: C$74.57 (C$75.46 in 2016) is paid for each child younger than age 18 only.)</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are automatically adjusted annually according to changes in the consumer price index.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Universal pension survivor allowance (income tested):</span> Up to C$1,211.79 a month (October to December 2015) (C$1,213.00 from January to March 2016) is paid to a low-income <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> aged 60 to 64.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Earnings-related survivor pension (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>):</span> 60% of the earnings-related retirement pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive, up to C$639 a month (C$655.50 in 2016), is paid to a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or common-law partner aged 65 or older who is not receiving any <abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr> pension; 37.5% plus C$181.75 (C$183.93 in 2016), up to C$581.13 a month (C$593.62 in 2016), to a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or common-law partner aged 45 to 64, disabled, or with a dependent child; if aged 35 to 44, not disabled, and with no dependent children, the pension is calculated as for those age 45 to 64 but is reduced by 1/120 for each month the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or common-law partner is younger than age 45 at the time of the insured's death.</p>
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<p>A <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or common-law spouse aged 65 or older may receive a spouse's pension and an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension at the same time. The benefit is 100% of the larger pension plus 60% of the smaller one, up to C$1,065 (C$1,092.50 in 2016) (if the surviving spouse receives an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension) or C$1,264.59 (C$1,290.81 in 2016) (if the surviving spouse receives a disability pension).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Earnings-related survivor pension (<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>):</span> Up to C$639.00 a month is paid to a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or common-law spouse aged 65 or older who is not receiving any other <abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr> pension; up to C$865.19 (C$881.09 in 2016) if aged 45 to 64 or disabled; up to C$831.89 (C$847.39 in 2016), if younger than age 45, not disabled, and caring for a dependent child; up to C$518.68 (C$530.42 in 2016) if younger than age 45, not disabled, and has no dependent children.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>/<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>):</span> C$234.87 a month (C$237.69 in 2016) is paid for each child younger than age 18; or younger than age 25 if a <span class="nobr">full-time</span> student (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr> only).</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Earnings-related pensions are automatically adjusted annually according to changes in the consumer price index.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Death benefit (<abbr class="spell">CPP</abbr>/<abbr class="spell">QPP</abbr>):</span> A lump sum of six months of the deceased's earnings-related retirement pension is paid, up to C$2,500. The benefit is not adjusted annually.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Employment and Social Development Canada (<a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development.html">http://www.esdc.gc.ca</a>), through district and local offices, administers the universal and earnings-related pensions and income-tested supplements.</p>
|
|
<p>Canada Revenue Agency (<a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/cra-canada.html">http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca</a>) collects contributions for the earnings-related pensions.</p>
|
|
<p>Quebec Department of Revenue (<a href="https://www.revenuquebec.ca/">http://www.revenu.gouv.qc.ca</a>) and Quebec Pension Board (<a href="https://www.retraitequebec.gouv.qc.ca/">http://www.rrq.gouv.qc.ca</a>) administer the earnings-related Quebec Pension Plan.</p>
|
|
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">First and current laws:</span> 1996 (employment insurance) and 2006 (Quebec maternity benefits).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Physician and hospital services</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">First laws:</span> 1957 (hospital services) and 1968 (physician services).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Current law:</span> 1984 (health).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance (cash benefits) and universal system (physician and hospital services).</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Cash benefits (Employment Insurance):</span> Employed persons, including federal government employees, and self-employed fishermen. (In Quebec, coverage is mandatory for all self-employed persons with at least C$2,000 of insured income in the last 52 weeks.)</p>
|
|
<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons. (After receiving cash benefits, coverage for self-employed persons is mandatory.)</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Physician and hospital benefits:</span> All persons residing in Canada. Coverage is portable from province to province and for emergency care anywhere in the world.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> See source of funds under Unemployment. In Quebec, 0.559% of earnings.</p>
|
|
<p>In Quebec, the maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are C$70,000.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Physician and hospital benefits:</span> Pays premiums in Alberta and British Columbia. Ontario has a health premium based on taxable income above a certain threshold. No premiums in the other provinces.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> See source of funds under Unemployment. In Quebec, 0.993% of earnings up to C$70,000.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Physician and hospital benefits:</span> Pays premiums in Alberta and British Columbia. Ontario has a health premium based on taxable income above a certain threshold. No premiums in the other provinces.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> See source of funds under Unemployment. In Quebec, 0.782% of payroll up to C$70,000.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum earnings used to calculate contributions in Quebec are C$70,000.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Physician and hospital benefits:</span> Contributions vary by province from no contribution to 4.3% of payroll.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Cash Benefits:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h5">Physician and hospital benefits:</span> The total cost is financed through the general revenues of the federal, provincial, and territorial governments, except in those provinces where premiums are paid. Federal government makes contributions to provinces and territories through block transfers, (provinces and territories must meet the federal program requirements in the Canada Health Act).</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness, maternity, and parental benefits:</span> The insured must have at least 600 hours of covered employment in the previous 52 weeks or since the last claim and have at least 40% reduction in weekly earnings; in Quebec, for maternity and parental benefits, must have at least C$2,000 of insured income in the previous 52 weeks and have ceased working or have at least 40% reduction in income. Parental benefits apply to the mother, father, or both parents. In Quebec, paternity benefits are paid only to the biological father. The biological father can receive both paternity and parental benefits at the same time.</p>
|
|
<p>Voluntarily insured self-employed persons must have earned at least C$6,645 (at least C$3,760 for self-employed fishermen) in the previous year.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Compassionate care benefits:</span> Paid to insured persons with at least 600 hours of covered employment in the previous 52 weeks (or since the start of the last claim) who leave work temporarily to provide care or support to a family member with a grave illness and a significant risk of death within 26 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Parents of critically ill children benefit:</span> Paid to insured persons who are absent from work to provide care or support for their critically ill or injured child younger than age 18. Must have at least 600 hours of covered employment in the 52 weeks before the claim is made and have experienced a reduction of weekly earnings of at least 40%.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Family supplement:</span> Paid to families with net income below C$25,921, with dependent children, and receiving a Canada Child Tax Benefit (see Family Allowances).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Medical and hospital benefits:</span> Generally, must have three months of residence in the province. When the insured moves from one province to another, the former province continues to provide coverage during the three-month waiting period.</p>
|
|
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 55% of the insured's average weekly covered earnings in the last 26 weeks is paid after a <span class="nobr">two-week</span> waiting period for up to 15 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum sickness benefit is C$524 a week.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Maternity and parental benefits:</span> 55% of the insured's average weekly covered earnings is paid after a <span class="nobr">two-week</span> waiting period for up to 15 weeks (maternity benefits) plus an additional 35 weeks (parental benefit) for parental care after the birth or adoption of a child.</p>
|
|
<p>In Quebec, there is a choice of benefits. Maternity benefits are 70% of covered earnings paid for 18 weeks or 75% of covered earnings for 15 weeks. Paternity benefits are 70% of covered earnings paid for five weeks or 75% of covered earnings for three weeks. Parental benefits are 70% of covered earnings for seven weeks plus 55% of covered earnings for 25 weeks or 75% of covered earnings for 25 weeks. Adoption benefits are 70% of covered earnings for 12 weeks plus 55% of covered earnings for 25 weeks or 75% of covered earnings for 28 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Compassionate care benefit:</span> 55% of the insured's average weekly covered earnings in the last 26 weeks is paid after a <span class="nobr">two-week</span> waiting period for up to six weeks (rising to 26 weeks in January 2016).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Parents of Critically Ill Children benefit:</span> 55% of the insured's average weekly covered earnings is paid after a <span class="nobr">two-week</span> waiting period for up to 35 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Family supplement:</span> Up to C$524 a week is paid. Each family may receive only one family supplement.</p>
|
|
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Medical benefits include general medical and maternity care and surgical, specialist, and laboratory services. Provincial authorities pay providers directly according to predetermined formulas and agreed-upon fee schedules.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Hospital benefits:</span> Benefits include standard ward care, necessary nursing, pharmaceuticals provided in the hospital, and diagnostic and therapeutic services. Provincial authorities pay providers directly according to predetermined formulas and agreed-upon fee schedules.</p>
|
|
<p>Other benefits include oral surgery if required and performed in an approved hospital and, in some provinces, osteopathic, chiropractic, and optometrist services; dental care for children; prosthetics; and prescribed medicine. Some cost sharing may be required.</p>
|
|
<p>In some provinces, social assistance recipients and persons older than age 65 are eligible for free medicine, eyeglasses, and subsidized nursing home care.</p>
|
|
<p>Emergency care in another province or abroad is paid at the rate of the person's home province.</p>
|
|
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Health Canada (<a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada.html">http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca</a>) administers programs for groups not covered under provincial plans; monitors provincial compliance with conditions of national legislation; and provides provinces with technical, consultative, and coordinating services.</p>
|
|
<p>Provincial authorities administer their health insurance plans, establish resident eligibility status, assess hospital and medical claims, pay health care providers, and monitor all aspects of programs.</p>
|
|
<p>Providers are usually public, not-for-profit hospitals and other specialized institutions; doctors and allied practitioners in entrepreneurial practice.</p>
|
|
<p>Employment and Social Development Canada (<a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/services/benefits.html">http://www.canadabenefits.gc.ca</a>), is responsible for cash sickness, maternity, parental, and compassionate care benefits provided under the Employment Insurance program.</p>
|
|
<p>Quebec Parental Insurance Plan administers Quebec parental benefits.</p>
|
|
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1908 and 2013 (Newfoundland and Labrador), 1915 and 2013 (Nova Scotia), 1915 and 2014 (Ontario), 1916 and 2015 (British Columbia), 1916 and 2015 (Manitoba), 1918 and 2015 (New Brunswick), 1918 and 2014 (Alberta), 1928 and 2015 (Quebec), 1930 and 2011 (Saskatchewan), 1949 and 2012 (Prince Edward Island), 1974 and 2015 (Northwest Territories/Nunavut), and 2011 (Yukon).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>Employees in industry and commerce (differences exist among provinces and territories).</p>
|
|
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons and certain employees in excluded or exempted activities (which vary according to province or territory of work).</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> The total cost is financed through contributions that vary by industry and according to the assessed degree of risk (large firms in some provinces may self-insure).</p>
|
|
<p>Depending on the province or territory, the average employer assessment rate per C$100 of payroll ranges from C$0.97 to C$2.65. (Different assessment methods are used by provincial and territorial authorities, including weighting of individual rates by payroll or by industry, the mix of industry, the varying benefit levels and earnings ceilings, the extent of industry coverage and the degree of funding of liabilities.)</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum earnings used to calculate contributions varies according to province or territory, from C$52,100 to C$121,000.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p>There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
|
|
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>75% of gross earnings to 90% of net earnings is paid, according to province or territory.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum weekly benefit varies by province or territory, up to C$546.19.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum weekly benefit varies by province or territory, from C$611.58 to C$1,362.08.</p>
|
|
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> 75% to 90% of the insured's earnings is paid for a full disability, according to province or territory.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum monthly benefit varies by province or territory, up to C$2,124.74.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly benefit varies by to province or territory, up to C$5,901.89.</p>
|
|
<p>Permanent partial disability: A percentage of the full benefit, which varies according to province or territory, is paid according to the assessed degree of loss of earning capacity; in some jurisdictions the pension is converted to a lump sum.</p>
|
|
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>Benefits in all provinces and territories include medical, surgical, nursing, and hospital services; medicine; and appliances.</p>
|
|
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension:</span> The pension varies according to province or territory based on a percentage of the deceased's net earnings, the age of the surviving <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or common-law partner, and the number of dependents. Some jurisdictions may pay a <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> benefit instead.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum monthly benefit varies by province or territory, up to C$1,105.63.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly benefit varies by to province or territory, up to C$5,215.70</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> Depending on the province or territory, either a monthly <span class="nobr">flat-rate</span> pension or a percentage of the deceased's wages is paid.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Other dependents (if there is no spouse or orphan):</span> Depending on the province or territory, the benefit level is either the same as the orphan's pension or is determined by the workplace safety board or commission.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> The grant paid varies according to province or territory.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Workers' Compensation Board, or a Work Safety Commission, in each province and territory administers the program.</p>
|
|
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1940.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1996 (employment insurance).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>Employed persons, including federal government employees, and self-employed fishermen.</p>
|
|
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons other than fisherman.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 1.88% of covered earnings. In Quebec, 1.54% of covered earnings.</p>
|
|
<p>The insured person's contributions also finance sickness and maternity benefits, except in Quebec.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are C$49,500.</p>
|
|
<p>The insured person's contributions also finance sickness and maternity benefits, except in Quebec.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 1.88% of covered earnings. </p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 2.632% of covered payroll. In Quebec, 2.156% of covered payroll.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are C$49,500.</p>
|
|
<p>The employer's contributions also finance sickness and maternity benefits, except in Quebec.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment benefit:</span> Must have 420 hours to 700 hours of covered employment in the last year, depending on the regional unemployment rate, and be registered, able, willing, and available to work and unable to obtain suitable employment. For a new entrant or reentrant to the labor force, must have 910 hours of covered employment. Fishermen must have earnings from C$2,500 to C$4,200 during the <span class="nobr">31-week</span> period before the benefit is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>Disqualified indefinitely if unemployment is due either to voluntary leaving without just cause or to misconduct. May reapply when requalified for the benefit.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Family supplement:</span> Paid to families with net income below C$25,921, with dependent children, and receiving a Canada Child Tax Benefit (see Family Allowances).</p>
|
|
<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment benefit:</span> 55% of weekly average covered earnings is paid after a <span class="nobr">two-week</span> waiting period for 14 to 45 weeks, depending on the claimant's employment history and regional unemployment rates. Fishermen's unemployment benefits are calculated by multiplying the monthly earnings with a factor, which is based on the national unemployment rate.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Family supplement:</span> Up to C$524 a week (C$951.92 a week for fishermen) is paid.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Employment and Social Development Canada, through Service Canada (<a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/services/benefits/ei.html">http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/sc/ei/index.shtml</a>) regional and local offices, administers the program.</p>
|
|
<p>Canada Revenue Agency (<a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/cra-canada.html">http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca</a>) collects contributions.</p>
|
|
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1944.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1998 and 2006.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Refundable tax credit and universal system.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>Residents of Canada.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> The total cost.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Canada Child Tax Benefit (income tested):</span> A child must be younger than age 18 and live with a primary caregiver who is a Canadian citizen, permanent resident, or refugee, and files an annual income tax return. A supplement is paid to low-income families.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Universal Child Care Benefit:</span> A child must be younger than age 18 and live with a primary caregiver who is a resident of Canada (some restrictions apply).</p>
|
|
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Canada Child Tax Benefit (income tested):</span> The benefit is delivered through the income tax system.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum annual benefit is C$1,471 (C$122.58 a month) for each child younger than age 18. A supplement of C$103 a year is paid for the third and each additional child. The benefit is reduced when annual family income exceeds C$44,701. In Alberta, payment rates are based on the child's age.</p>
|
|
<p>National child benefit supplement: C$189.91 a month for the first child; C$168.00 a month for the second; and C$159.83 a month for each additional child.</p>
|
|
<p>The supplement for families with an annual net income of more than C$26,021 is reduced by a percentage, according to the number of children in the household (12.2% for one child, 23% for two, and 33.3% for three or more) times the annual income over C$26,021. A reduced supplement is paid to families with up to three children and an annual net income of C$26,021 to C$44,701 and to families with at least four children and an annual net income of less than C$49,000.</p>
|
|
<p>Child disability benefit: A <span class="nobr">tax-free</span> benefit is paid for families who care for a child younger than age 18 with severe disabilities.</p>
|
|
<p>Benefits are paid monthly and are based on total family income during the previous year.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Universal Child Care Benefit:</span> C$160 a month is paid for each child younger than age 6; C$60 for each child aged 6 to 17. The benefit is taxable at the rate of the spouse with the lower income. Single parents can report all universal child care benefit amounts in their own income or include the amounts in the income of a child beneficiary. Parents with joint custody of child beneficiaries can split the benefit.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Canada Revenue Agency (<a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/child-family-benefits.html">http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/bnfts/menu-eng.html</a>) administers the Canada Child Tax Benefit.</p>
|
|
<p>Canada Revenue Agency, on behalf of Employment and Social Development Canada (<a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development.html">http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca</a>), administers the Universal Child Care Benefit.</p>
|
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<div class="docNav"><a class="previous" href="bvi.html">Previous: British Virgin Islands</a> <a class="toTop" href="#hLogo">Top of page</a> <a class="toTOC" href="index.html#fileList">Table of contents</a> <a class="next" href="chile.html">Next: Chile</a></div>
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