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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2015</h1>
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<h1>Rwanda</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 689.19 francs.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1956.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1974 (social security) and 2003 (social security).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Salaried workers, including temporary and casual workers; professional and in-service trainees; apprentices; civil servants; political appointees; and government officials.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons and for persons who were previously insured for at least six consecutive months and had mandatory coverage in the last 12 months.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 3% of covered earnings; 6% for voluntary contributors.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are the legal monthly minimum wage, which varies by sector.</p>
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<p>The monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are subject to a maximum.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 6% of declared income.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly income used to calculate contributions is 104,000 francs.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 3% of covered payroll.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are the legal monthly minimum wage, which varies by sector.</p>
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<p>The monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are subject to a maximum.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 60 (younger if prematurely aged) with at least 180 months of coverage.</p>
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<p>Employment must cease.</p>
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<p>The pension is payable abroad only under reciprocal agreement.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> Age 60 (younger if prematurely aged) with less than 180 months of coverage.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Must be assessed with at least a 50% loss of earning capacity and have at least three years of coverage, including six months of contributions in the 12 months before the disability began. There is no minimum qualifying period for a nonoccupational accident.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: Paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p>A doctor approved or appointed by the Social Security Fund periodically assesses the disability.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension, or had 180 months of coverage at the time of death.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include the <span class="nobr">widow(er),</span> children younger than age 18 (age 25 if a student, no limit if disabled), and parents (including adoptive parents) if there is no surviving spouse or orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> The deceased did not qualify for an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include the <span class="nobr">widow(er),</span> children younger than age 18 (age 25 if a student, no limit if disabled), and parents (including adoptive parents) if there is no surviving spouse or orphan.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> 30% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last five years plus 2% of average monthly earnings for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of coverage exceeding 180 months is paid. If the insured did not contribute for five years preceding the date of pension entitlement, the average monthly earnings are based on the total number of months of contribution from the last five years of employment.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly pension is 50% of the legal monthly minimum wage, which varies by sector.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> A lump sum of the insured's average monthly earnings multiplied by the number of months of contributions is paid.</p>
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<p>If the insured is entitled to two or more pensions (including work injury benefits), the highest pension plus 50% of the other pensions is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically by presidential decree.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> 30% of the insured's monthly average earnings in the last five years plus 2% of average monthly earnings for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of coverage exceeding 180 months is paid. For each year that a claim is made before age 60, the insured is credited with a six-month coverage period.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly pension is 50% of the legal monthly minimum wage, which varies by sector.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: 40% of the insured's disability pension is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically by presidential decree.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension:</span> 50% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 25% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid for each eligible orphan; 50% for a full orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Dependent parent's pension:</span> If there are no other eligible survivors, 25% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to each eligible parent.</p>
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<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was eligible to receive.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Spouse's settlement:</span> A lump sum of one month of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was eligible to receive for each six-month period of coverage is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's settlement:</span> A lump sum of 50% of the survivor settlement is paid to each eligible orphan. The total settlement paid to orphans must not exceed twice the survivor settlement.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically by presidential decree.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (<a href="https://www.minecofin.gov.rw">http://www.minecofin.gov.rw</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Rwanda Social Security Board, managed by a tripartite council and a director general, administers the program.</p>
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<p>Rwanda Revenue Authority (<a href="https://www.rra.gov.rw">http://www.rra.gov.rw</a>) collects contributions.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 2007 (community-based health insurance), implemented in 2008, and 2009 (labor law).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance (medical benefits) and employer-liability (cash sickness and maternity benefits) system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness and maternity benefits (employer liability):</span> Employed persons, including apprentices.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Temporary and casual agricultural workers, small-scale artisans, household workers, and self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (community-based health insurance, social insurance):</span> Residents of Rwanda.</p>
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<p>Special systems for public-sector workers and military personnel.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash sickness and maternity benefits (employer liability):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (community-based health insurance, social insurance):</span> 2,000 francs, 3,000 francs, or 7,000 francs a year, according to socioeconomic category.</p>
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<p>Insured persons may pay a higher premium (at least 10,000 francs a year) for a higher level of access or services.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash sickness and maternity benefits (employer liability):</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (community-based health insurance, social insurance):</span> 2,000 francs, 3,000 francs, or 7,000 francs a year, according to socioeconomic category.</p>
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<p>Insured persons may pay a higher premium (at least 10,000 francs a year) for a higher level of access or services.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash sickness and maternity benefits (employer liability):</span> The total cost.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (community-based health insurance, social insurance):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash sickness and maternity benefits (employer liability):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (community-based health insurance, social insurance):</span> The total cost of premiums for the lowest socioeconomic category; any deficit.</p>
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<p>Transfers from international donors and the special systems for civil servants and military personnel also finance the community-based health insurance scheme.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness and maternity benefits (employer liability):</span> Must be currently employed. A medical certificate is required; a medical certificate signed by three medical doctors may be required for sick leave that lasts at least 15 days.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (community-based health insurance, social insurance):</span> Benefits begin 30 days after the premium is first paid.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's salary is paid for up to three months.</p>
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<p>Unpaid sick leave: An additional three months of unpaid leave may be provided.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's daily wage is paid for six weeks; 20% for an additional six weeks if the employee does not choose to return to work.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Community-based health insurance (social insurance):</span> Government health centers, district hospitals, and referral hospitals provide medical services. Benefits include vaccination(s), general care, surgery, dental care, <span class="nobr">X-rays</span> and imaging, laboratory services, rehabilitation services, hospitalization, medicine, maternity care, ambulance fees, and prostheses.</p>
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<p>Cost sharing: A copayment is required.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness and maternity benefits:</span> Ministry of Public Service and Labour (http://www.mifotra.gov.rw) provides general oversight for cash sickness and maternity benefits.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Ministry of Health (<a href="https://www.moh.gov.rw/">http://www.moh.gov.rw</a>) administers the community-based health insurance.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1949 (private sector).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1974 (social security) and 2003 (social security).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 2% of gross monthly payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>75% of the insured's average daily earnings in the three months before the disability began is paid until full recovery or certification of permanent disability, up to 180 days.</p>
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<p>A doctor approved or appointed by the Social Security Fund periodically assesses the disability.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> If the insured is assessed with a total disability, 85% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the three months before the disability began is paid.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: If the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions, 40% of the insured's pension is paid.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: If the assessed degree of disability is at least 15%, a percentage of the full pension is paid according to the assessed degree of disability; otherwise, a lump sum of three years of the pension is paid, according to the assessed degree of disability.</p>
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<p>A doctor approved or appointed by the Social Security Fund periodically assesses the disability.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Benefits include medical, surgical, and dental care; laboratory services; medicine; hospitalization; eyeglasses; appliances; rehabilitation; and transportation.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension:</span> 30% of the deceased's average daily earnings is paid to the <span class="nobr">widow(er).</span></p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 15% of the deceased's average daily earnings is paid for each orphan younger than age 18 (age 25 if a student, no limit if disabled); 20% for a full orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Other eligible survivors:</span> 10% of the insured's average daily earnings is paid to each additional eligible survivor.</p>
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<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the permanent disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of 100 times the legal monthly minimum wage is paid.</p>
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<p>The minimum wage varies by sector.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (<a href="https://www.minecofin.gov.rw">http://www.minecofin.gov.rw</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Social Security Fund, managed by a tripartite council and a director general, administers the program.</p>
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<p>Rwanda Revenue Authority (<a href="https://www.rra.gov.rw">http://www.rra.gov.rw</a>) collects contributions.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>The 2009 labor law requires the employer to provide severance pay in case of termination for economic or technological reasons to an employee who worked for at least 12 months. One month of the employee's average salary is paid for at least one but less than five years; two months for at least five but less than 10 years, three months for at least 10 but less than 15 years; four months for at least 15 but less than 20 years; five months for at least 20 but less than 25 years; and six months for at least 25 years..</p>
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