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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2015</h1>
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<h1>Botswana</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 9.50 pula.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1996 (universal pension and orphan care).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Universal <span class="nobr">(old-age</span> and orphan care) system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (universal):</span> Residents of Botswana.</p>
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<p>Special system for public-sector employees.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan care benefit (universal):</span> Orphaned citizens of Botswana.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (universal):</span> Age 65. Must have a valid national identity card.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability allowance (social assistance, means tested):</span> No statutory benefits are provided; cash benefits and food baskets are provided to registered, destitute, disabled persons under the destitute program (see Family Allowances).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan care benefit (universal):</span> Provided for the loss of one parent (single parent) or both parents (married couple); an orphan whose parents' whereabouts are not known. The child must be younger than age 18 and residing in Botswana.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (universal):</span> 250 pula a month is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in the cost of living.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability allowance (social assistance, means tested):</span> No statutory benefits are provided; monthly cash benefits and a food basket are provided to registered, destitute, disabled persons under the destitute program (see Family Allowances).</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan care benefit (universal):</span> A monthly food basket worth 450 pula to 750 pula; a school uniform, subsidies for transportation, clothing and rent where applicable, and other payments as needed. The benefits are given to the orphan's caregiver (guardian) or to an orphan acting as the head of the family (guardian) for younger siblings.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Department of Labour and Social Security (<a href="https://www.gov.bw">http://www.gov.bw</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Social Benefits Division, Department of Social Services, Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (<a href="https://www.gov.bw">http://www.gov.bw</a>) administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1981 (labor code), implemented in 1982, and 2002 (public health).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability (cash sickness and maternity benefits) and universal (medical benefits).</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness, cash maternity, and medical benefits (employer liability):</span> Employed persons, including public-sector employees.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (universal):</span> Residents of Botswana.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash sickness, cash maternity, and medical benefits (employer liability):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (universal):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash sickness, cash maternity, and medical benefits (employer liability):</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (universal):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash sickness, cash maternity, and medical benefits (employer liability):</span> The total cost.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (universal):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash sickness, cash maternity, and medical benefits (employer liability):</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits (universal):</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits (employer liability):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period. Must provide a medical certificate.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits (employer liability):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period. Must provide a medical certificate indicating the expected date of childbirth.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (universal):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (employer liability):</span> Must reside on the employer's land or work in an area of Botswana where medical facilities are not available.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit (employer liability):</span> 100% of the employee's basic remuneration is paid. There is no limit to duration; employers must provide at least 20 days of certified paid sick leave a year.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit (employer liability):</span> At least 50% of the employee's basic remuneration or 50 thebe a day (100 thebe equals 1 pula), whichever is greater, is paid for six weeks before and six weeks after the expected date of childbirth; may be extended up to two weeks if there are complications arising from pregnancy or childbirth.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (universal):</span> Public hospitals and clinics provide medical services. Benefits include generalist and specialist care, hospitalization, laboratory services, dental care, emergency care, <span class="nobr">X-rays,</span> maternity care, and mental health care.</p>
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<p>Cost sharing: Patients pay a 5 pula consultation fee. (Children younger than age 5 and persons older than age 65 are exempt.)</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits (employer liability):</span> Necessary medicine and medical treatment are provided, according to regulations.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits for dependents (universal):</span> Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits for dependents (employer liability):</span> Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the employee.</p>
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<p>Eligible dependents include family members who are living with the employee.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer liability system</span></p>
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<p>Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs (<a href="https://www.gov.bw">http://www.gov.bw</a>) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Department of Labour and Social Security enforces the law.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Universal (medical benefits) system</span></p>
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<p>Ministry of Health (http://www.moh.gov.bw) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Public clinics, primary and district hospitals, and referral hospitals provide medical services.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1936.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1998 (worker's compensation).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability system, normally through a private carrier.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons, including government and local authority employees and military personnel.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Casual workers, family labor, and self-employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> The total cost (pays insurance premiums or provides benefits directly to employees).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>66% of the difference between the insured's monthly earnings before the work injury occurred or the occupational disease began, and the insured's monthly earnings (actual or potential) after the work injury occurred or the occupational disease began, is paid for up to six months; may be extended for additional three-month periods up to 24 months with the approval of the Commissioner for Workmen's Compensation. A lump sum may be paid under certain circumstances.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: A percentage of the total disability benefit is paid according to the assessed degree of disability.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability benefit:</span> If the insured is assessed with a total disability, a lump sum of 60 months of the insured's earnings is paid.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: If the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions, up to 25% of the permanent disability benefit is paid.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: A lump sum of 60 months of the insured's earnings multiplied by the assessed degree of disability is paid.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Employers provide medical, surgical, and dental care, hospitalization, skilled nursing services, and medicine, up to 75,000 pula; the costs of prostheses, up to 10,000 pula; and transportation costs, up to 1,500 pula.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit:</span> A lump sum of 48 months of the insured's earnings minus funeral costs is paid to dependent survivors.</p>
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<p>A reduced benefit is paid to survivors who were only partially dependent.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> The amount is deducted from the survivor benefit.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Department of Labour and Social Security (<a href="https://www.gov.bw">http://www.gov.bw</a>) enforces the law.</p>
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<p>Employers may insure against liability with private insurance companies.</p>
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<h2>Unemployment</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>Under the amended 1984 Employment Order, employees with 60 months of continuous employment are entitled to a severance benefit from their employer. Under the amended 2010 Employment Act, in case of termination of the employment contract before an employee has served a continuous period of 60 months, employees are entitled to a severance benefit that is proportionate to the length of service.</p>
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<p>Department of Labour and Social Security (<a href="https://www.gov.bw">http://www.gov.bw</a>) enforces the law.</p>
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<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p>Monthly cash benefits of 90 pula and a monthly food basket worth 450 pula to 750 pula are provided to all destitute residents, including those unable to support themselves because of old age, disability, or a chronic health condition; needy children younger than age 18 with a terminally ill parent; or orphans or abandoned children younger than age 18 not covered by the orphan care program (see Old Age, Disability and Survivors).</p>
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