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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Europe, 2012</h1>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Bulgaria</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 1.50 leva.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1924.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 2000 (social insurance) and 2000 (pensions).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance, mandatory individual account, and social assistance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> All employed and self-employed persons and farmers.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory individual account:</span> All persons born after December 31, 1959, who are covered by social insurance.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> For persons born before January 1, 1960, 7.9% of covered earnings; for persons born after December 31, 1959, 5.7% of covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 420 leva.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,000 leva.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> 2.2% of covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 420 leva.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,000 leva.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> For persons born before January 1, 1960, 17.8% of declared covered earnings; for persons born after December 31, 1959, 12.8% of declared covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 420 leva.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,000 leva.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> 5% of declared covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 420 leva.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,000 leva.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> For persons born before January 1, 1960, 9.9% of covered payroll; for persons born after December 31, 1959, 7.1% of covered payroll.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 420 leva.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,000 leva.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> 2.8% of covered payroll.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 420 leva.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,000 leva.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> Any deficit and the cost of social pensions; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Mandatory individual account:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (social insurance):</span> Age 63 and 4 months (men) or age 60 and 4 months (women) with at least 37 years and 4 months (men) or 34 years and 4 months (women) of contributions. The pensionable age and contribution years are rising gradually by 4 months a year until reaching age 65 (men) and 63 (women) with 40 years (men) and 37 years (women) of contributions.</p>
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<p>Age 65 and 4 months (men and women) with at least 15 years of contributions (including at least 12 years of actual service).</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: The pension can be deferred. There is no maximum deferral period.</p>
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<p>Benefits are payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (mandatory individual account):</span> Age 63 and 4 months (men) or age 60 and 4 months (women). The pensionable age and contribution years are rising gradually by 4 months a year until reaching age 65 (men) and 63 (women) with 40 years (men) and 37 years (women) of contribution.</p>
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<p>Early pension: An early pension is possible, depending on the insured's occupation.</p>
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<p>Benefits are payable abroad under reciprocal agreement.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age social pension (income-tested):</span> Aged 70 or older and monthly income of no more than the guaranteed minimum monthly income for each family member in the last 12 months.</p>
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<p>The guaranteed minimum monthly income is 65 leva.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (social insurance):</span> There is no minimum qualifying period for persons younger than age 20 or for persons assessed as blind; one year of contributions for those aged 25 to 29; three years for those aged 30; five years for those older than age 30.</p>
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<p>Ministry of Health Medical Expert Commissions assess the degree of loss of working capacity.</p>
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<p>Benefits are payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability social pension (income-tested):</span> Age 16 or older with an assessed loss of working capacity greater than 71%.</p>
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<p>Ministry of Health Medical Expert Commissions are responsible for assessing the degree of loss of working capacity.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (social insurance):</span> Paid for children up to age 18 (age 26 if a student or in military service, no limit if disabled), a surviving spouse within five years of attaining the normal retirement age (earlier if disabled), and parents older than the normal retirement age (at any age if the insured died during military service) who do not receive a pension in their own right.</p>
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<p>Benefits are payable abroad.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (social insurance):</span> The pension is 1.1% of taxable income for each year of coverage. Taxable income used to calculate benefits is reduced proportionately for partial years of coverage.</p>
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<p>The minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension at the normal retirement age is 136.08 leva a month with the required number of contributions; 115.67 levas without the required number of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Benefit adjustment:</span> The minimum pension is set annually by law.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (mandatory individual account):</span> A pension is paid based on the accumulated capital in the individual account and life expectancy.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age social pension (income-tested):</span> 100.86 leva a month is paid.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension (social insurance):</span> The pension is based on the number of years of contributions, taxable income, the age of the insured if younger than the normal retirement age, and the assessed loss of working capacity.</p>
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<p>The minimum disability pension varies from 85% to 115% of the minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension, according to the assessed loss of working capacity (from 115.67 leva to 156.49 leva a month).</p>
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<p>The minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 136.08 leva a month.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability social pension (income-tested):</span> The pension is calculated as a percentage of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> social pension (100.86 leva), according to the assessed loss of working capacity: 120% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> social pension (121 leva) is paid for a loss of working capacity greater than 90%; 110% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> social pension (111 leva) for a loss of working capacity of 71% to 90%.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension (social insurance):</span> 50% of the deceased's pension is paid for one survivor; 75% for two survivors; 100% for three survivors or more. The pension is split equally among all eligible survivors. Full orphans receive the sum of the pensions of both deceased parents.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension for each survivor is 75% of the minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<p>The minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 136.08 leva a month.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance</span></p>
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<p>Ministry of Labor and Social Policy (<a href="https://www.mlsp.government.bg">http://www.mlsp.government.bg</a>) is responsible for national social insurance and social assistance policy.</p>
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<p>National Social Security Institute (<a href="https://www.nssi.bg">http://www.nssi.bg</a>), managed by a tripartite supervisory board of representatives of the government, employers, and workers, administers the social insurance system.</p>
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<p>National Revenue Agency (http://www.nra.bg) collects social security contributions and transfers the contributions to the National Social Security Institute.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory individual account</span></p>
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<p>Financial Supervision Commission (http://www.fsc.bg) is responsible for licensing and supervising pension insurance companies and overseeing the system of mandatory individual accounts.</p>
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<p>National Revenue Agency (http://www.nra.bg) collects social security contributions and transfers allocated contributions to the mandatory individual accounts at the respective pension insurance companies.</p>
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<p>Pension insurance companies manage the individual accounts and pay benefits directly to the insured.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1918.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1998 (health insurance) and 2000 (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness and maternity benefits:</span> Employees working for more than five days or 40 hours a month, including civil servants, military personnel, members of cooperatives, and clergy.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons, business owners, farmers, and working pensioners.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> All residents of Bulgaria.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> 1.4% of covered earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> 3.2% of covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 420 leva.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,000 leva.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> 3.5% of declared covered earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> 8% of declared covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 420 leva.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,000 leva.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Cash benefits:</span> 2.1% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Medical benefits:</span> 4.8% of payroll.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 420 leva.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,000 leva.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Any deficit; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness and maternity benefits:</span> The insured must have at least six months of coverage for sickness benefits and 12 months of coverage for maternity benefits.</p>
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<p>There is no qualifying period for an insured person younger than age 18.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Must be a resident of Bulgaria.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 80% of the basic income is paid from the fourth day of sickness until working capacity is recovered or until permanent disability is assessed, whichever is earlier. (The employer pays 70% of the insured's basic income in the first three days of sickness). Benefits are also paid for the entire period of a temporary incapacity if the patient is quarantined. Benefits may be paid for sanatorium treatment, depending on the health authority.</p>
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<p>Basic income refers to the insured's average daily gross wage or average daily insured earnings in the 18 calendar months before the incapacity began.</p>
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<p>Benefits are paid for providing care to sick family members and accompanying them to medical treatment. The duration of the benefit depends on certain criteria including the age of the sick family member and the period of recovery or confinement.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 90% of the insured's average daily covered earnings is paid for a period of 410 days, beginning 45 days before the expected date of childbirth.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Child care benefit:</span> 240 leva a month is paid until the child is age 2.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Assistance to students:</span> Benefits include a lump sum paid during pregnancy, a lump sum paid after giving birth, a monthly allowance paid for a child until the insured leaves secondary education or up to age 20, and a monthly allowance paid for child care for a child up to age 1.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> The sum of 540 leva is split equally among the surviving spouse, children, and parents.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical services are provided directly to patients according to a contract between medical institutions and the National Health Insurance Fund. Benefits include general and specialist care at health centers, outpatient departments of hospitals, or home; hospitalization; prescribed medicine; dental care; and necessary appliances.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>National Social Security Institute (<a href="https://www.nssi.bg">http://www.nssi.bg</a>), managed by a tripartite supervisory board of representatives of the government, employers, and workers, administers the social insurance system.</p>
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<p>National Health Insurance Fund (<a href="http://www.nhif.bg">http://www.nhif.bg</a>) administers medical benefits.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1924.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 2000 (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees working for more than five days or 40 hours a month, including civil servants, military personnel, members of cooperatives, and clergy.</p>
|
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<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons, business owners, farmers, and working pensioners.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 0.4% to 1.1% of income, according to the assessed degree of risk.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 0.4% to 1.1% of payroll, according to the assessed degree of risk.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period for work injury or occupational disease benefits.</p>
|
|
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
|
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<p>The benefit is 90% of the insured's earnings and is paid from the first day of incapacity until recovery or certification of permanent disability.</p>
|
|
<p>Ministry of Health Medical Expert Commissions are responsible for assessing the degree of loss of working capacity.</p>
|
|
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> The monthly pension is between 30% and 40% of the insured's earnings, according to the assessed loss of working capacity.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum disability pension varies from 100% to 125% of the minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension, according to the assessed loss of working capacity (from 136.08 leva to 170.10 leva a month).</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is 136.08 leva a month.</p>
|
|
<p>Constant-attendance allowance: If the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions, 75% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> social pension (75.64 leva) is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>The <span class="nobr">old-age</span> social pension is 100.86 leva a month.</p>
|
|
<p>Ministry of Health Medical Expert Commissions are responsible for assessing the degree of loss of working capacity.</p>
|
|
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 50% of the deceased's disability pension for one survivor; a combined total of 75% for two; a combined total of 100% for three or more.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum pension is 75% of the minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension of 136.08 leva a month.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>National Social Security Institute (<a href="https://www.nssi.bg">http://www.nssi.bg</a>), managed by a tripartite supervisory board of representatives of the government, employers, and workers, administers the social insurance system.</p>
|
|
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1925.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 2000 (social insurance).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>Employed persons.</p>
|
|
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 0.4% of covered earnings.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,000 leva.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 0.6% of covered payroll.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 2,000 leva.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment benefits:</span> The insured must have at least nine months of coverage.</p>
|
|
<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>60% of the insured's average earnings in the last 24 months is paid for up to four months with at least three years of coverage; up to 12 months with more than 25 years of coverage.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum benefit is 7.20 leva a day.</p>
|
|
<p>The benefit is proportionately reduced for <span class="nobr">part-time</span> workers.</p>
|
|
<p>If an eligible worker becomes unemployed within three years of previous entitlement, the benefit is paid for up to four months.</p>
|
|
<p>The benefit may be combined with a disability pension and family benefits paid for a child younger than age 18.</p>
|
|
<p>For voluntarily unemployed persons and persons who are dismissed or who become eligible for unemployment benefits within three years of previous entitlement, only the minimum benefit is paid.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>National Social Security Institute (<a href="https://www.nssi.bg">http://www.nssi.bg</a>), managed by a tripartite supervisory board of representatives of the government, employers, and workers, administers the social insurance system.</p>
|
|
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1942.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 2002 (family benefits).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social assistance system.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>All residents of Bulgaria.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> The total cost.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> The monthly income for each family member must not be greater than 350 leva (except if the child is permanently disabled). The child must reside in Bulgaria, attend school (from age 7 to age 20), and not be in a specialized child care institution.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Child-raising allowance:</span> The monthly income for each family member must not be greater than 350 leva. The child must reside in Bulgaria and not be in a specialized child care institution. The allowance is paid until the child is age 1 if the mother is not receiving maternity benefits; age 2 if the child has a disability, regardless of any family income.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> Paid for each live birth regardless of family income.</p>
|
|
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> Each child receives 35 leva a month (189 leva if disabled).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Child-raising allowance:</span> 100 leva a month is paid.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> 250 leva is paid for the birth of the first child, 600 leva for the second, and 200 leva for the birth of each subsequent child. For the birth of a child with a disability, an additional 100 leva is paid.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Social Assistance Agency (<a href="https://www.mlsp.government.bg">http://www.mlsp.government.bg</a>) of the Ministry of Labor and Social Assistance administers the program.</p>
|
|
</div>
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