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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2013</h1>
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<h1>Venezuela</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 6.30 new bolivares</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1940.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 2011 (social assistance), 2012 (social security), and 2012 (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> Public- and <span class="nobr">private-sector</span> employees; members of cooperatives; and household, seasonal, and casual workers.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for <span class="nobr">self-employed</span> persons and unemployed pregnant women.</p>
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<p>Special system for military personnel.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social assistance:</span> Residents of Venezuela.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> 4% of monthly covered earnings for private-sector workers; 2% for <span class="nobr">public-sector</span> workers.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 10 times the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 2,702.73 bolivares a month (September 2013).</p>
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<p>The insured's contributions also finance sickness and maternity benefits and the marriage grant (see Family Allowances).</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> 13% of declared income.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> From 9% to 11% of covered payroll for <span class="nobr">private-sector</span> workers; 4% of covered payroll for <span class="nobr">public-sector</span> workers.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 10 times the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 2,702.73 bolivares a month (September 2013).</p>
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<p>The employer's contributions also finance sickness and maternity benefits and the marriage grant (see Family Allowances).</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social insurance:</span> At least 1.5% of total covered earnings for administrative costs.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Social assistance:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension (social insurance):</span> Age 60 (men) or age 55 (women) with at least 750 weeks of contributions (250 weeks in the last 10 years for the voluntarily insured); if less than 750 weeks of contributions, the insured may continue to contribute until reaching 750 weeks. The pensionable age is lower for those in unhealthy and arduous work.</p>
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<p>Retirement is not necessary.</p>
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<p>The pension is payable abroad.</p>
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<p>Subsidized pension (social insurance): Age 60 (men) or age 55 (women) with less than 700 weeks of contributions and total household income at least equal to the legal monthly minimum wage; unable to make additional contributions to be eligible for the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 2,702.73 bolivares a month (September 2013).</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age grant (social insurance):</span> Older than age 60 (men) or age 55 (women) with less than 750 weeks of contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Gran Misión En Amor Mayor pension (social assistance):</span> Age 60 (men) or age 55 (women). Must live in households with income below the legal monthly minimum wage and have resided in Venezuela for the last 10 years.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 2,702.73 bolivares a month (September 2013).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability pension:</span> Assessed with a permanent or prolonged loss of more than 66.7% of working capacity with at least 250 weeks of contributions (reduced by 20 weeks of contributions for each year the insured is younger than age 35), including at least 100 weeks in the last three years before the disability began. There is no qualifying period for a disability caused by an accident.</p>
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<p>Partial disability pension: Assessed with a 25% to 66.6% degree of disability.</p>
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<p><span class="nobr">Constant-attendance</span> supplement: The insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability grant:</span> Assessed with a permanent or prolonged loss of more than 66.7% of working capacity with at least 100 weeks of contributions in the last four years before the disability began, but does not meet the contribution requirements for a disability pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension or was a pensioner at the time of death. There is no qualifying period if the death is caused by an accident.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include a widow older than age 45; a partner who cohabited with the deceased for at least two years and is older than age 45; a widow or partner with dependent children; a dependent widower aged 60 or older or with a disability; and unmarried children younger than age 14 (age 18 if a student, no limit if disabled). A widow or partner younger than age 45 is eligible for limited benefits. If there are no other survivors, siblings younger than age 14 and dependent parents are eligible.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor grant:</span> The deceased did not meet the contribution requirements for an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension but had at least 100 weeks of contributions in the last four years.</p>
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<h3><span class="nobr">Old-Age</span> Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension (social insurance):</span> A basic amount of 3,000 bolivares a month plus 30% of the insured's reference salary and 1% of earnings for each <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of contributions exceeding 750 weeks is paid.</p>
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<p>The reference salary is 20% of covered earnings in the last five years or 10% in the last 10 years, whichever is greater.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is equal to the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 2,702.73 bolivares a month (September 2013).</p>
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<p>Deferred pension: An additional 5% of the pension is paid for each year the pension is deferred after the pensionable age.</p>
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<p>Subsidized pension (social insurance): A monthly benefit equal to the legal monthly minimum wage is paid. (203.40 pesos a month is deducted from the pension until the insured reaches the number of weeks of contributions required for an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.)</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 2,702.73 bolivares a month (September 2013).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age grant (social insurance):</span> A lump sum of 10% of the insured's total covered earnings is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in prices and wages.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Gran Misión En Amor Mayor pension (social assistance):</span> A monthly pension equal to the legal monthly minimum wage is paid.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 2,702.73 bolivares a month (September 2013).</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> A basic amount of 3,000 bolivares a month plus 30% of the insured's reference salary and 1% of earnings for each <span class="nobr">50-week</span> period of contributions exceeding 750 weeks is paid.</p>
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<p>The reference salary is 20% of covered earnings in the last five years or 10% in the last 10 years, whichever is greater.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is 40% of the insured's reference salary.</p>
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<p><span class="nobr">Constant-attendance</span> supplement: Up to 50% of the disability pension is paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: For an assessed degree of disability of 25% to 66.6%, a percentage of the total disability pension is paid according to the assessed degree of disability.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability grant:</span> A lump sum of 10% of the deceased's total covered earnings is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in prices and wages.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension:</span> 40% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to an eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or partner. (A widow or female partner younger than age 45 receives a lump sum of two years of the survivor pension.)</p>
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<p>The minimum spouse's pension is the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 2,702.73 bolivares a month (September 2013).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 20% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to each orphan younger than age 14 (age 18 if a student, no limit if disabled); 40% for one full orphan; and 20% each for two full orphans.</p>
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<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the deceased's pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Other eligible survivors:</span> If there is no eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er),</span> partner, or orphan, 10% of the deceased's total covered earnings may be paid to eligible siblings and parents.</p>
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<p>The amount paid is recalculated if the number of eligible survivors changes.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Pensions are adjusted periodically according to changes in prices and wages.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor grant:</span> A lump sum of 10% of the deceased's total covered earnings is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of 5,000 bolivares is paid.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically according to changes in prices and wages.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of the People's Power for Labor and Social Security (http://www.minpptrass.gob.ve) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Social Insurance Institute (<a href="http://www.ivss.gov.ve">http://www.ivss.gov.ve</a>), managed by a tripartite board and director general, administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1940.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1998 (health care), 2007 (protection of children and adolescents), 2007 (family, maternity, and paternity protection), 2012 (social insurance), 2012 (labor law), and 2012 (social security).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Public- and <span class="nobr">private-sector</span> employees; members of cooperatives; household, seasonal, and casual workers; persons receiving <span class="nobr">old-age,</span> disability, or survivor benefits; and certain dependents.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: <span class="nobr">Self-employed</span> persons and nonworking women.</p>
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<p>Voluntary insurance is possible.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, above.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, above.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, above.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness, maternity, and paternity benefits:</span> Must be currently insured.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Must be currently insured.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> 66.7% of average daily earnings is paid after a <span class="nobr">three-day</span> waiting period for up to 52 weeks; may be extended under certain conditions. The benefit is reduced by 50% if the insured is hospitalized.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 100% of earnings is paid for up to six weeks before and 20 weeks after the date of childbirth (may be extended under certain conditions) or for 26 weeks from the date of placement for the adoption of a child younger than age 3.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Paternity benefit:</span> 100% of earnings is paid for 14 days immediately following the date of childbirth or the date of placement for the adoption of a child younger than age 3.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>The Social Security Institute's medical facilities normally provide free medical services directly to patients for up to 52 weeks; may be extended for another 52 weeks for convalescent care. Benefits include general and specialist care, hospitalization, laboratory services, medicine, dental care, maternity care, appliances, and transportation.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents (and survivors) are the same as those for the insured. Pensioners' dependents receive medical benefits for a maximum of 26 weeks.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of the People's Power for Labor and Social Security (http://www.minpptrass.gob.ve) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Social Insurance Institute (<a href="http://www.ivss.gov.ve">http://www.ivss.gov.ve</a>) managed by a tripartite board and director general, administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1923.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1991 (social insurance), 2005 (prevention and working conditions), and 2012 (social security).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Public- and <span class="nobr">private-sector</span> employees; members of cooperatives; and household and custodial workers.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Members of the military and <span class="nobr">self-employed</span> persons.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 0.75% to 10% of covered payroll, according to the assessed degree of risk.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors, above.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
|
|
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>100% of the insured's earnings is paid after a three-day waiting period until the insured is rehabilitated, recovered, or certified with a permanent disability.</p>
|
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<p><span class="nobr">Constant-attendance</span> supplement: Up to 50% of the disability pension is paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
|
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> 100% of the insured's last covered earnings is paid. If the insured person has an assessed degree of disability of at least 67%, is unable to continue in the same job, and is subsequently rehabilitated and reinserted into the workforce, the pension will be reduced based on the percentage of the reassessed degree of disability.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="nobr">Constant-attendance</span> supplement: Up to 50% of the disability pension is paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
|
|
<p>Partial disability: For an assessed degree of disability of greater than 25% but less than 67%, a percentage of the full pension is paid according to the assessed degree of disability. For an assessed degree of disability of 5% to 25%, a lump sum of three times the insured's last covered earnings multiplied by the percentage of disability is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>Schedule of payments: Fourteen payments a year.</p>
|
|
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Benefits include free general, specialist, and dental care; hospitalization; medicine; laboratory services; appliances; and rehabilitation services.</p>
|
|
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension:</span> 60% of the deceased's last covered earnings is paid to a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or partner.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> If there is an eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or partner, 20% of the deceased's last covered earnings is paid to each orphan younger than age 18 (age 25 is a student, any age if disabled or financially dependent on the deceased), up to 40%. If there is no eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> or partner, 60% of the deceased's last covered earnings is divided equally among eligible orphans.</p>
|
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<p><span class="h4">Other eligible survivors:</span> 20% of the deceased's last covered earnings may be paid to each dependent family member, up to 60%.</p>
|
|
<p>Schedule of payments: Fourteen payments a year.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of 5,000 bolivares is paid.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Ministry of the People's Power for Labor and Social Security (http://www.minpptrass.gob.ve) provides general supervision.</p>
|
|
<p>National Institute for Prevention, Health, and Security at Work (http://www.inpsasel.gob.ve) manages and administers the program.</p>
|
|
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1940.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 2005 (unemployment) and 2012 (social security).</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
|
|
<h3>Coverage</h3>
|
|
<p>Public- and <span class="nobr">private-sector</span> employees, members of cooperatives, household and custodial workers, <span class="nobr">self-employed</span> persons, and apprentices.</p>
|
|
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Insured:</span> 0.5% of covered earnings.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 10 ten times the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
|
|
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 2,702.73 bolivares a month (September 2013).</p>
|
|
<p>The insured's contributions also finance health insurance for unemployed persons.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 2.5% of covered earnings.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are the minimum urban wage.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 10 times the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
|
|
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 2,702.73 bolivares a month (September 2013).</p>
|
|
<p>The <span class="nobr">self-employed</span> person's contributions also finance health insurance for unemployed persons.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 2% of payroll.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
|
|
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 10 times the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
|
|
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 2,702.73 bolivares a month (September 2013).</p>
|
|
<p>The employer's contributions also finance health insurance for unemployed persons.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Contributes as necessary; may subsidize up to 50% of contributions for low-income insured persons.</p>
|
|
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Unemployment benefits:</span> Must have at least 12 months of contributions in the 24 months before unemployment began and must be available for training or suitable employment. <span class="nobr">Self-employed</span> persons must have involuntarily lost their income.</p>
|
|
<h3>Unemployment Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>60% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 12 months is paid for up to five months.</p>
|
|
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p>Unemployed insured persons and their dependents are covered for medical benefits for up to 52 weeks; may be extended for another 52 weeks. Benefits include general and specialist care, hospitalization, laboratory services, medicine, dental care, maternity care, appliances, and transportation.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Ministry of the People's Power for Labor and Social Security (http://www.minpptrass.gob.ve) provides general supervision.</p>
|
|
<p>Employment services administer training and guidance.</p>
|
|
<p>Social Insurance Institute (<a href="http://www.ivss.gov.ve">http://www.ivss.gov.ve</a>), managed by a tripartite board and director general, administers the program.</p>
|
|
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
|
|
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Marriage grant:</span> A lump sum of 7,000 bolivares is paid with at least 100 weeks of contributions in the three years before marriage. (The grant is provided under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.)</p>
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</div>
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</article>
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