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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2013</h1>
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<h1>Tanzania</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 1,580&nbsp;shillings.</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1964 (provident fund) and 1997 (social insurance), implemented in 1998.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>All employed and self-employed persons.</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage is available.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 10% of gross salary; the voluntarily insured pay 20% of declared income but at least 20% of the legal minimum wage.</p>
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage ranges from 65,000&nbsp;shillings to 350,000&nbsp;shillings, according to eight industry sectors.</p>
<p>The insured person's contributions also finance cash maternity benefits, medical benefits, funeral grants, and work injury benefits.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 20% of declared income but at least 20% of the legal minimum wage.</p>
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage ranges from 65,000&nbsp;shillings to 350,000&nbsp;shillings, according to&nbsp;eight industry&nbsp;sectors.</p>
<p>The self-employed person's contributions also finance cash maternity benefits, medical benefits, funeral grants, and work injury benefits.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 10% of gross payroll. The employer may contribute at a higher rate.</p>
<p>The employer pays contributions for insured women who receive maternity benefits.</p>
<p>The employer's contributions also finance cash maternity benefits, medical benefits, funeral grants, and work injury benefits.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age&nbsp;60 with at least 180&nbsp;months of contributions.</p>
<p>Employment must cease.</p>
<p>Early pension: Age&nbsp;55 with at least 180&nbsp;months of contributions.</p>
<p>Deferred pension: A deferred pension is possible. There is no maximum deferral period.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age grant:</span> Age&nbsp;60 with less than 180&nbsp;months of contributions.</p>
<p>Employment must cease.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Must be assessed with at least a&nbsp;66.7% loss of earning capacity and have at least 180&nbsp;months of contributions or 36&nbsp;months of contributions, including at least 12&nbsp;months in the 36&nbsp;months immediately before the disability began.</p>
<p>A medical board of doctors appointed by the Ministry of Health assesses the disability. A medical examination may be required.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability grant:</span> Paid if the insured is assessed with at least 66.7% loss of earning capacity but has less than 180&nbsp;months of contributions.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased received or was entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension.</p>
<p>Eligible survivors include a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> and children younger than age&nbsp;18 (age&nbsp;21 if a <span class="nobr">full-time</span> student, no limit if disabled). If there is no surviving spouse or child, parents of the deceased may be eligible.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor grant:</span> The deceased was not entitled to receive an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension at the time of death.</p>
<p>Eligible survivors include a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> and children younger than age&nbsp;18 (age&nbsp;21 if a <span class="nobr">full-time</span> student, no limit if disabled). If there is no surviving spouse or child, parents of the deceased may be eligible.</p>
<p>The <span class="nobr">widow(er)'s</span> pension ceases on remarriage.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> The insured had at least one month of contributions and was employed at the time of death. The grant is paid to the person who pays for the funeral.</p>
<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span>&nbsp;30% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the best five of the last 10&nbsp;years before retirement plus 1.5% of average monthly earnings for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of coverage exceeding 180&nbsp;months is paid.</p>
<p>A lump sum of 24&nbsp;times the monthly pension is paid in the first month and a monthly pension thereafter.</p>
<p>The minimum pension is 80% of the legal monthly&nbsp;minimum wage.</p>
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage ranges from 65,000&nbsp;shillings to 350,000&nbsp;shillings, according to eight industry sectors.</p>
<p>The maximum pension is 67.5% of the insured's monthly earnings used to calculate the pension.</p>
<p>Early pension: The pension is reduced by 0.5% of the insured's earnings used to calculate the pension for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period the pension is taken before age&nbsp;60. The pension must be at least equal to the minimum pension.</p>
<p>Deferred pension: Calculated in the same way as the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
<p>The insured receives credit for previous contributions made to the National Provident Fund.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: The Board of the National Social Security Fund reviews benefits periodically and adjusts them according to the actuarial valuation of the fund and changes in the legal minimum wage.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age grant:</span> The grant is the average of the last sixty months of contributions before retirement times the number of months of contributions.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> 30% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the best five of the last 10&nbsp;years before the disability began plus 1% of average monthly earnings for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of coverage exceeding 180&nbsp;months is paid.</p>
<p>The insured is credited with 1% of average monthly earnings for each year the disability began before the pensionable age.</p>
<p>A lump sum of 24&nbsp;times the monthly pension is paid in the first month and a monthly pension thereafter.</p>
<p>The minimum pension is 80% of the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage ranges from 65,000&nbsp;shillings to 350,000&nbsp;shillings, according to eight sectors.</p>
<p>The maximum pension is 67.5% of average monthly covered earnings.</p>
<p>The disability pension may be replaced by an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension at age&nbsp;60 if the value of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is at least equal to the disability pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability grant:</span> A lump sum is paid.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: The Board of the National Social Security Fund reviews benefits periodically and adjusts them according to the actuarial valuation of the fund and changes in the legal minimum wage.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Spouse's pension:</span> 100% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> without dependent children; 40%&nbsp;if an orphan's benefit is also paid. If there is more than one widow, the pension is split equally.</p>
<p>The <span class="nobr">widow(er)'s</span> pension is paid for two years if the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> is younger than age&nbsp;45 or does not have a dependent child younger than age&nbsp;15 at the time of the insured's death.</p>
<p>The minimum pension is 80% of the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage ranges from 65,000&nbsp;shillings to 350,000&nbsp;shillings, according to eight industry sectors.</p>
<p>The maximum pension is 67.5% of average monthly covered earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 60% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is split equally among eligible children; 100% for full orphans.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Parent's pension (if there are no&nbsp;other eligible survivors):</span> 100% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid.</p>
<p>A lump sum of 24&nbsp;times the monthly pension is paid in the first month to each eligible survivor and a monthly pension thereafter.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor grant:</span> A lump sum of 12&nbsp;months of the deceased's pension is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum ranging from 150,000&nbsp;shillings to 600,000&nbsp;shillings is paid, depending on the amount of monthly contributions.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: The Board of the National Social Security Fund reviews benefits periodically and adjusts them according to the actuarial valuation of the fund and changes in the legal minimum wage.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labour and Employment (http://www.kazi.go.tz) provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Social Security Regulatory Authority (http://www.ssra.go.tz) regulates and supervises the performance of all social security programs.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund (http://www.nssf.or.tz) administers the program.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1997 (social insurance), implemented in 2005.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system. Cash maternity benefit and medical benefits only.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>All employed and self-employed persons.</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage is available. <span class="nobr">Old-age</span> pensioners may make a voluntary contribution.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors. <span class="nobr">Old-age</span> pensioners, 6% of the monthly pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits:</span> No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits:</span> Must have at least 36&nbsp;months of contributions including at least 12&nbsp;months in the 36&nbsp;months immediately before the expected date of childbirth. Cash maternity benefits are paid to an insured woman only once in each three-year period.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Must have at least three months of contributions immediately before the medical problem began.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 100% of the insured woman's average daily wage in the six months before the 20th&nbsp;week of pregnancy is paid for up to 12&nbsp;weeks in one or two parts: four weeks before and eight weeks after childbirth (four weeks after childbirth for a stillborn child). Maternity care is provided from the 24th&nbsp;week of pregnancy and ceases two days after childbirth; seven days after childbirth for a cesarean section; up to 12&nbsp;weeks if prolonged care is necessary.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Benefits include preventive and curative care, essential drugs, <span class="nobr">X-rays,</span> laboratory tests, hospitalization, major and minor surgery. The National Social Security Fund Board of trustees may determine additional benefits.</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
<p>Eligible dependents include the spouse and up to four of the insured's children younger than age&nbsp;18 (age&nbsp;21 if a <span class="nobr">full-time</span> student).</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labour and Employment (http://www.kazi.go.tz) provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Social Security Regulatory Authority (http://www.ssra.go.tz) regulates and supervises the performance of all social security programs.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund (http://www.nssf.or.tz) administers the program.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1948.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1997 (social insurance), implemented in 2002.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>All employed and self-employed persons.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> See source of funds under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> Must be registered with the National Social Security Fund and assessed with a work injury or an occupational disease by a medical board.</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>60% of the insured's average daily wage is paid for up to 26&nbsp;weeks.</p>
<p>The insured's average daily wage is based on the insured's earnings in the six months before the month the disability began.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability benefit:</span> If the insured is assessed with a total disability, 70% of the insured's average monthly earnings is paid for up to seven years.</p>
<p>Partial disability: If the assessed degree of disability is less than 30%, a lump sum is paid.</p>
<p>The maximum partial disability benefit is 84&nbsp;times the insured's average monthly earnings, according to the assessed degree of disability.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance allowance: If the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions, 25% of the permanent disability benefit is paid.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Benefits include medical, hospital, and nursing care; prostheses; and the cost of medicine, appliances, and transportation up to a maximum.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Death benefit:</span> A lump sum of 60% of the deceased's average insurable monthly earnings is paid.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labour and&nbsp;Employment (http://www.kazi.go.tz) provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Social Security Regulatory Authority (http://www.ssra.go.tz) regulates and supervises the performance of all social security programs.</p>
<p>National Social Security Fund (http://www.nssf.or.tz) administers the program.</p>
<h2>Unemployment</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p>No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
<p>The labor code requires employers to provide severance pay to employees with at least three months of continuous service.</p>
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