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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2013</h1>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Kenya</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 86.10 shillings.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1965 (social security fund).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Provident fund system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons, self-employed persons, and certain workers in the informal sector, including farmers.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage is available.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Certain casual workers.</p>
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<p>Special system for public-sector employees.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 5% of monthly earnings. The voluntarily insured pay at least 100 shillings a month.</p>
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<p>The maximum earnings used to calculate mandatory contributions are 4,000 shillings.</p>
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<p>There are no maximum earnings used to calculate voluntary contributions.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 5% of monthly earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 5% of monthly payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age benefit:</span> Age 60 and retired from insured employment.</p>
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<p>Drawdown payment: The benefit is paid if the fund member has contributed for at least three years and leaves insured employment or emigrates permanently.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit:</span> The fund member must be assessed with a total incapacity for performing any work.</p>
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<p>The insured's doctor, a National Social Security Fund doctor, and the Director of Medical Services in the Ministry of Health assess the disability.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit:</span> Paid if the fund member dies before retirement.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include the spouse and orphans; if there is no surviving spouse or child, the benefit is paid to other dependent relatives.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> The fund member must have contributed for at least three months. The grant is paid to a dependent named by the deceased.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age benefit:</span> A lump sum of the total employee and employer contributions plus interest is paid.</p>
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<p>Drawdown payment: The maximum lump sum is the total employee and 50% of the employer contributions plus interest.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit:</span> A lump sum of the total employee and employer contributions plus interest is paid.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit:</span> A lump sum of the total employee and employer contributions plus interest is paid.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> 2,500 shillings is paid.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labour (<a href="https://labour.go.ke/">http://www.labour.go.ke</a>) provides general supervision through a board of trustees.</p>
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<p>National Social Security Fund (<a href="https://www.nssf.or.ke">http://www.nssf.or.ke</a>) administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1966 (hospital insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1998 (hospital insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system. Medical benefits only.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed and self-employed persons earning at least 1,000 shillings a month, including public-sector employees.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for persons earning less than 1,000 shillings a month.</p>
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<p>Special system for civil servants.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> From 30 shillings to 320 shillings a month. The voluntarily insured pay a flat rate of 160 shillings a month.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> From 30 shillings to 320 shillings a month. The voluntarily insured pay a flat rate of 160 shillings a month.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefits:</span> Must give at least seven days written notice of intention to take maternity leave on a specific date and to return to work thereafter.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits:</span> Must have had at least two consecutive months of service with an employer. The employee must provide an appropriate medical certificate</p>
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<p>Issued by a registered medical practitioner.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> There is no qualifying period; the voluntarily insured must have at least 60 days of coverage for medical benefits and at least six months of coverage for maternity care.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefits:</span> The Employment Act (2007) entitles employees to three months of maternity leave with full pay.</p>
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<p>Male employees are entitled to two weeks of paternity leave with full pay.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits:</span> Seven days full pay; thereafter seven days with half pay, for each twelve consecutive months of service.</p>
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<p>Accredited government and certain private and faith-based hospitals provide comprehensive maternity care to members of the National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) and their dependents.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>No cost for care provided in government hospitals for certain illnesses, including tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases, and <abbr>AIDS</abbr>.</p>
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<p>The maximum duration of benefits is 180 days a year; may be extended for exceptional hardship.</p>
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<p>No cost for inpatient treatment in government hospitals for employed persons who contribute to the NHIF.</p>
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<p>Cost sharing: Inpatient hospital and medical treatment for insured persons and their dependents is reimbursed up to 432,000 shillings a year, according to a schedule in law. The amount varies according to three categories of hospitals accredited by the NHIF. Government hospitals provide free comprehensive inpatient care. Certain private and faith-based hospitals may charge a co-payment of up to 15,000 shillings for treatment requiring surgery. All other private hospitals may charge unlimited co-payments.</p>
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<p>Medical services provided abroad are reimbursed at 1,750 shillings a day.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as for the insured.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Health (http://www.health.go.ke) provides general supervision through a board of directors.</p>
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<p>National Hospital Insurance Fund (<a href="http://www.nhif.or.ke/healthinsurance/">http://www.nhif.or.ke/healthinsurance</a>) administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1946.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1974 (workmen's compensation), 2007 (work injury), and 2007 (employment).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability system, normally involving insurance with a private carrier.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Public- and private-sector employees.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Professional employees earning more than 4,000 shillings a month, self-employed persons, casual workers, and family labor.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> The total cost is financed through the direct provision of benefits or insurance premiums.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; the cost of benefits for government employees.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>50% of the insured's earnings, up to 540 shillings, is paid after a three-day waiting period; if the incapacity lasts for more than three days, the benefit is paid retroactively.</p>
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<p>The maximum total temporary disability benefit is 240,000 shillings.</p>
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<p>The insured's doctor, a National Social Security Fund doctor, and the Director of Medical Services in the Ministry of Health assess the disability.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically by the Minister of Labor.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability benefit:</span> A lump sum of 60 months of the insured's earnings is paid for a permanent partial disability, up to 240,000 shillings.</p>
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<p>The insured's doctor, a National Social Security Fund doctor, and the Director of Medical Services in the Ministry of Health assess the disability.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically by the Minister of Labor.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit:</span> A lump sum of 60 months of the deceased's earnings is paid to survivors who were fully dependent on the deceased; if there are no fully dependent survivors, a reduced benefit is paid to survivors who were partially dependent.</p>
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<p>The minimum benefit is 35,000 shillings.</p>
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<p>The maximum benefit is 240,000 shillings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of the cost of the funeral is paid to dependents; the employer pays 2,000 shillings if there are no dependents.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted periodically by the Minister of Labor.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Labour and Human Resource Development (<a href="https://labour.go.ke/">http://www.labour.go.ke</a>) enforces the law, approves settlements, and pays benefits.</p>
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<p>Employers insure against liability with private insurance companies.</p>
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