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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2010</h1>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Syria</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 46.85 pounds.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1959 (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees in industry, commerce, and agriculture; civil servants; freelance workers; and employers.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for Syrians working abroad.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Temporary workers, household workers, and self-employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 7% of earnings (plus an optional 1% of earnings for voluntary supplementary disability and death benefits).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 14% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4"><span class="nobr">Old-age</span> pension:</span> Age 60 (men) or age 55 (women); at any age (men and women) in physically demanding or dangerous work, with at least 15 years of contributions.</p>
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<p>Age 55 (men) or age 50 (women) with at least 20 years of contributions. At any age (men and women) with at least 25 years of contributions.</p>
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<p>Payments abroad are made at the discretion of the Institution of Social Insurance.</p>
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<p><span class="h4"><span class="nobr">Old-age</span> settlement:</span> Age 60 (men) or age 55 (women) and does not satisfy the qualifying conditions for the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> Paid for the loss of at least 80% of working capacity. The insured must have made at least 6 consecutive months of contribution or 12 nonconsecutive months of contribution. The disability began during employment or within 6 months after leaving employment but is not due only to an occupational injury.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit (voluntary insurance):</span> Must have an assessed degree of disability of more than 35%. The disability may be due to an occupational injury.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased met the contribution conditions for the disability pension or was a pensioner at the time of death. The death was not the result of an occupational injury.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors include an unemployed widow of any age or a disabled widower, orphans younger than age 21 (age 24 if disabled), and dependent parents.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death benefit (voluntary insurance):</span> Paid to eligible survivors for the death of the insured.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> Paid to help meet the cost of the funeral.</p>
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<h3><span class="nobr">Old-Age</span> Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4"><span class="nobr">Old-age</span> pension:</span> 2.5% of the insured's base earnings multiplied by the number of years of contributions is paid, up to 75% of the base earnings.</p>
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<p>The base earnings are the previous year's average monthly earnings. (An increase or decrease of more than 15% in the insured's salary at the end of the last <span class="nobr">2-year</span> period compared to its value at the beginning of the period or an increase or decrease of more than 30% in the insured's salary at the end of the last <span class="nobr">5-year</span> period compared to its value at the beginning of the period are not taken into account.)</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The maximum monthly pension is 75% of base earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="nobr">Old-age</span> increment: A lump sum of 1 month of the pension is paid for every complete covered year above 30 years, up to 5 months of the pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4"><span class="nobr">Old-age</span> settlement:</span> A lump sum of 11% to 15% of total covered earnings is paid.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> 40% of the insured's base earnings plus 2% for each year of covered employment is paid. The base earnings are the previous year's average monthly earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum pension is the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The maximum pension is 80% of base earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability benefit (voluntary insurance):</span> A lump sum of 50% of the insured's covered earnings in the previous year is paid. The benefit is increased by 50% if the insured has a total disability as a result of an occupational injury.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 50% of the disability pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive is paid to an eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>; 37.5% with one or more other eligible survivors.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> The total orphans' pension is 37.5% of the disability pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive; or 25% if there is only one eligible orphan. If there are no other eligible survivors, the total orphan's pension is 75% of the disability pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive; or 50% for each eligible full orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Dependent parent's pension:</span> If there are no eligible spouses or orphans, 25% of the disability pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive is paid to each dependent parent. If there is either an eligible spouse or an eligible orphan, 12.5% of the disability pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive is paid to each dependent parent. If there are both eligible spouses and orphans, the total dependent parent's pension is 12.5% of the disability pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive.</p>
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<p>The maximum total survivor pension is 80% of the disability pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Death benefit (voluntary insurance):</span> A lump sum of 100% of the deceased's earnings in the previous year is paid to a survivor. The lump sum is increased by 50% if the insured's death was caused by a work injury.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of 1 month of the insured's earnings is paid.</p>
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<p>The maximum funeral grant is 100 pounds.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Social Insurance Institution (http://taminat.gov.sy), managed by a tripartite board of directors and a director general, administers the program through regional and district offices.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1959 (social insurance).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees in industry, commerce, and agriculture; municipal workers; and public employees.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Household workers and self-employed persons.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 3% of payroll.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>80% of the insured's monthly earnings is paid for the first month; 100% thereafter. The benefit is paid from the day after the injury occurred for up to 12 months.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly benefit is 2,000 pounds.</p>
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<p>Work injury benefits can be combined with other pensions.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> 75% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the previous year is paid for a total disability.</p>
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<p>The minimum monthly pension is 458 pounds.</p>
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<p>Work injury benefits can be combined with other pension entitlements.</p>
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<p>Partial disability pension: For an assessed degree of disability of 35% or more, a percentage of the full pension (75% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the previous year) is paid according to the assessed degree of disability.</p>
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<p>For an assessed degree of disability of less than 35%, a lump sum of 5.5 years of the partial disability pension is paid.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>General and specialist care, surgery, hospitalization, drugs, <span class="nobr">X-rays,</span> appliances, and rehabilitation are provided.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> If there are no eligible orphans or dependent parents, 62.5% of the disability pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive is paid to an eligible <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span>; 50% if there are eligible dependent parents but no orphans; 37.5% if there are both eligible orphans and dependent parents.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> The total orphans' pension is 50% of the disability pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive; or 37.5% if there is only one eligible orphan. If there are no other eligible survivors, the total orphan's pension is 75% of the disability pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive; or 62.5% for each eligible full orphan.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Dependent parent's pension:</span> If there are no eligible spouses or orphans, 25% of the disability pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive is paid to each dependent parent. If there is either an eligible spouse or an eligible orphan, 12.5% of the disability pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive is paid to each dependent parent. If there are both eligible spouses and orphans, the total dependent parent's pension is 12.5% of the disability pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive.</p>
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<p>The maximum total survivor pension is 80% of the disability pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of 1 month of the insured's earnings is paid.</p>
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<p>The maximum funeral grant is 80 pounds.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Social Insurance Institution (http://taminat.gov.sy), managed by a tripartite board of directors and a director general, administers the program through regional and district offices.</p>
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