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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2011</h1>
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<h1>Bermuda</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 1.00 Bermuda dollar (B$).</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1967 (old-age and survivors).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1970 (old-age and survivors); 1980 (disability); and 1998 (occupational pensions), implemented in 2000.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance, mandatory occupational pension, and social assistance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance</span></p>
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<p>Employed and self-employed persons older than age 18.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for persons who were previously covered.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Those who are not ordinarily residents, unless gainfully employed for more than 26 consecutive weeks; <span class="nobr">full-time</span> students up to age 26 who work weekends or during school vacations.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory occupational pension</span></p>
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<p>Employed persons aged 23 or older who are citizens or the spouse of a citizen and who have worked 720 hours or more for their current employer in any calendar year; self-employed persons aged 23 or older with annual earnings over B$2,000 who are citizens or the spouse of a citizen.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social assistance</span></p>
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<p>All residents of Bermuda.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Insured person:</span> B$30.40 a week; none if older than age 65.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Self-employed person:</span> B$60.80 a week; B$30.40 if older than age 65.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer:</span> B$30.40 a week for employees.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory occupational pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Insured person:</span> 5% of covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are B$200,000.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Self-employed person:</span> 10% of declared earnings. Additional voluntary contributions are possible.</p>
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<p>The maximum mandatory contribution on declared earnings is B$5,000 a year.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer:</span> 5% of covered earnings.</p>
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<p>The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are B$200,000.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social assistance</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Self-employed person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Employer:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Government:</span> The total cost.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension:</span> Age 65 with at least 484 weeks of contributions, including at least 50 weeks of contributions for each year of coverage. Retirement is not necessary.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: A reduced pension is paid for each year of coverage for individuals with 25 to 49 weeks of contributions a year.</p>
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<p>The <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age settlement:</span> Age 65 and does not meet the qualifying conditions for the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability pension:</span> Aged 18 to 64, employed immediately before the disability began, and unable to work for a full year. The insured must have at least 150 weeks of contributions, including at least 50 weeks of contributions for each year of coverage.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: A reduced pension is paid for each year of coverage for individuals with 25 to 49 weeks of contributions.</p>
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<p>The disability pension is payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased received or was eligible to receive a pension. The <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> was married to the deceased for at least three years.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: A reduced pension is paid for each year of coverage for individuals with 25 to 49 weeks of contributions a year.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors are the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> and orphans.</p>
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<p>The survivor pension ceases on remarriage or cohabitation.</p>
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<p>The survivor pension is payable abroad.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor settlement:</span> The deceased did not meet the qualifying conditions for a survivor pension.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors are the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> and orphans.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory occupational pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension:</span> Age 65.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability pension:</span> The insured must be assessed with an incapacity for work due to a physical or mental condition.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension:</span> The beneficiary is named by the deceased.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social assistance</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Noncontributory <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension:</span> Age 65, is not eligible for contributory <span class="nobr">old-age</span> benefits, and is a citizen with at least 10 years of continuous residency in Bermuda in the 20 years immediately before the application.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Noncontributory disability pension:</span> Aged 18 to 64, is not eligible for contributory disability benefits, is assessed with a permanent incapacity for work, and has at least 10 years of residency in Bermuda immediately before the application.</p>
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<p>Appointed medical doctors assess the degree of disability.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension:</span> B$219.53 a week (B$951.73 a month) plus B$1.29 for each <span class="nobr">26-week</span> period of contributions exceeding 484 weeks is paid.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: The minimum monthly partial pension is B$475.87 if the annual average number of weeks of contributions is 25 to 29; B$571.04 for 30 to 34 weeks; B$666.21 for 35 to 39 weeks; B$761.38 for 40 to 44 weeks; or B$856.56 for 45 to 49 weeks.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age settlement:</span> The total employer and employee contributions are refunded as a lump sum.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory occupational pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Old-age pension:</span> Pensions calculations are based on average earnings or the amount of the insured's accumulated capital.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social assistance</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Noncontributory <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension:</span> B$436.76 a month is paid. If annual income is less than B$4,000, the minimum monthly pension is B$449.22.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability pension:</span> B$634.41 a month is paid.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: A percentage of the full pension is paid according to the number of average annual weeks of contributions from 25 to 49.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory occupational pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Disability pension:</span> The value of the benefit depends on the rules for the specific occupational pension scheme.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Social assistance</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Noncontributory disability pension:</span> B$436.76 a month is paid.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension:</span> B$951.73 a month is paid.</p>
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<p>Partial pension: B$475.87 a month is paid if the deceased's annual average number of weeks of contributions was 25 to 29; B$571.04 for 30 to 34 weeks; B$666.21 for 35 to 39 weeks; B$761.38 for 40 to 44 weeks; or B$856.56 for 45 to 49 weeks.</p>
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<p>The survivor pension is paid for 26 weeks or until dependent children reach age 16; for life if the surviving spouse is older than age 50 or disabled.</p>
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<p>For her own pension calculation, a widow who receives a survivor pension is credited for every week she receives the pension and may substitute up to a year of her deceased husband's contribution record for her own.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Orphan's pension:</span> Each orphan receives B$94.96 a month until old enough to leave school.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor settlement:</span> The total employer and employee contributions are refunded as a lump sum.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory occupational pension</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Survivor benefit:</span> The benefit is paid as a lump sum based on the value of the deceased's contributions, accumulated capital, or accrued benefits.</p>
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<p>A <span class="nobr">lump-sum</span> benefit is also paid to the survivor if the deceased had less than two years of membership in an occupational pension scheme at the time of death.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Social insurance and social assistance</span></p>
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<p>Ministry of Finance provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Department of Social Insurance (http://www.socialinsurance.gov.bm) administers the program.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Mandatory occupational pension</span></p>
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<p>Pension Commission (<a href="https://www.gov.bm/bermuda-pension">http://www.pensioncommission.bm</a>) supervises and regulates the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1970 (hospital insurance); and 2004 (health council), implemented in 2006.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Compulsory insurance with a public or private carrier or an approved employer-operated plan (employed persons). Individual or voluntary insurance (nonemployed persons). Medical benefits only.</p>
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<p>Note: Under the 2000 Employment Act, employers are required to provide paid sick leave and paid and unpaid maternity leave.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Government Health Insurance Plan:</span> Residents of Bermuda who are older than the minimum age to leave school.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Commercial Insurance:</span> Employed persons and their nonemployed spouses; and self-employed persons.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Future Care:</span> Residents of Bermuda aged 65 or older.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Health Insurance Plan:</span> B$192.50 a month. Voluntarily insured persons pay B$285 a month.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Commercial Insurance:</span> Employed persons and their nonemployed spouses pay 50% of a premium set based on medical underwriting.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Future Care:</span> B$187.50 a month; B$504.50 a month for persons who do not meet residency requirements.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Health Insurance Plan:</span> B$285 a month.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Commercial Insurance:</span> 100% of premiums set based on medical underwriting.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Future Care:</span> B$375 a month; B$1,009 a month for persons who do not meet residency requirements.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Health Insurance Plan:</span> B$192.50 a month.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Commercial Insurance:</span> For employed persons and their nonemployed spouses, 50% of a premium set based on medical underwriting.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Future Care:</span> B$187.50 a month; B$504.50 a month for persons who do not meet residency requirements.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span></p>
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<p>The total cost of health insurance for resident children younger than age 16 (age 21 if a student) and needy persons; 80% of the total cost of hospital care for residents aged 65 to 74; 90% of the total cost of hospital care for residents aged 75 or older.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness and maternity benefits:</span> No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
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<p>Under the 2000 Employment Act, employers are required to provide paid sick leave and paid and unpaid maternity leave.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period for employees with compulsory coverage, except for a <span class="nobr">10-month</span> waiting period for maternity care benefits.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
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<p>The 2000 Employment Act provides for eight days of paid sick leave a year to employees who have worked for the same employer for at least a year.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
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<p>The 2000 Employment Act provides for eight weeks of paid maternity leave and four weeks of unpaid maternity leave to employees who have worked for the same employer for at least a year; eight weeks unpaid maternity leave for employees with less than a year.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span></p>
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<p><span class="h5">Health Insurance Plan:</span> Benefits include inpatient and outpatient services; nursing, diagnostic, laboratory, ambulance, specialist, and doctor services; surgery; appliances; medicine; and basic dental care.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Commercial Insurance:</span> Benefits include inpatient and outpatient services; nursing, preventative, diagnostic, laboratory, ambulance, air ambulance, air travel, accommodation, specialist, and doctor services; surgery; appliances; prescription drugs; dental and vision care; and nursing services at home.</p>
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<p><span class="h5">Future Care:</span> Benefits include inpatient and outpatient services; nursing, preventative, diagnostic, laboratory, ambulance, specialist, and doctor services; surgery; appliances; medicine; dental and vision care; and nursing services at home.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h5">Commercial Insurance:</span> Benefits may include inpatient and outpatient services; nursing, preventative, diagnostic, laboratory, ambulance, air ambulance, air travel, accommodation, specialist, and doctor services; surgery; appliances; prescription drugs; dental and vision care; and nursing services at home.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Health provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Health Insurance Department (<a href="https://www.gov.bm/department/health-insurance">http://www.hip.gov.bm</a>) administers the Health Insurance Plan and the Future Care programs.</p>
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<p>Private carriers administer the commercial insurance.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First and current law:</span> 1965 (workmen's compensation).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employer-liability system. (The government may require employers to carry insurance.)</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons and apprentices aged 18 or older.</p>
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<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons, casual labor, <span class="nobr">part-time</span> workers, temporary employees, students, and voluntary workers.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> The total cost is met through direct provision of benefits or the purchase of insurance premiums.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period, but the work injury must last more than three days.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>50% of lost earnings (up to B$170 a week) or a lump sum is paid. The total benefit paid must not exceed the permanent disability benefit for which the insured would be eligible.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability benefit:</span> For a total disability, the full benefit is four years of earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum benefit is B$5,000.</p>
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<p>The maximum benefit is B$53,000.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: 25% of the permanent disability benefit is paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: A percentage of the full disability benefit is paid according to the assessed loss of earning capacity.</p>
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<p>Appointed medical doctors assess the degree of disability.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Benefits include the cost of necessary medical care, including hospitalization (up to a maximum based on the prevailing public ward charge for 56 days); emergency outpatient treatment; surgery, according to a fee schedule; medical expenses, including the cost of nursing, ambulances, and medicine, up to B$1,000; the cost of prostheses up to B$2,000; and the cost of transportation up to B$250.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor benefit:</span> A lump sum of three years of earnings or B$42,000 (whichever is less) is paid minus the value of any permanent disability benefits paid to the deceased.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors are dependents who were totally dependent on the deceased's earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Partial survivor grant:</span> A grant is paid to those who were partially dependent on the deceased's earnings.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant and medical expenses:</span> Up to B$2,000 is paid if there are no dependents.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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|
<p>Ministry of Labor, Home Affairs, and Public Safety provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>Supreme Court administers lump sums.</p>
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<p>Courts supervise the agreement between an employer and the insured on the amounts payable.</p>
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</div>
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</article>
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