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<title>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2011 - Mali</title>
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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2011</h1>
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<div class="innards">
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<h1>Mali</h1>
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<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 503.30 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs.</div>
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<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1961.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1999 (social insurance); and 1999 (voluntary coverage), implemented in 2004.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>Special system for civil servants, magistrates, and armed forces personnel.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 3.6% of gross earnings.</p>
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<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate contributions are the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The monthly legal minimum wage is 28,460 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 9% of wage class earnings, according to five wage classes.</p>
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<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate contributions are 125,000 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs a quarter.</p>
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<p>The maximum earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,000,000 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs a quarter.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 5.4% of gross payroll.</p>
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<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate contributions are the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The monthly legal minimum wage is 28,460 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs.</p>
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<p>Employers with 10 or more employees pay contributions monthly; employers with one to nine employees pay quarterly.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer for public-sector employees who are not civil servants.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age 58 (age 53 if prematurely aged) with at least 13 years of contributions; age 60 with at least 15 years of contributions if voluntarily insured. Employment must cease.</p>
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<p>Early pension: Age 53 with at least 13 years of contributions; age 55 with at least 15 years of contributions if voluntarily insured. Employment must cease.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age allowance:</span> Age 53 with at least six years of coverage; age 60 with at least 10 years of coverage if voluntarily insured.</p>
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<p>The pension is payable abroad only under reciprocal agreement; if there is no reciprocal agreement, the insured's contributions are refunded at retirement age or if permanently leaving the country.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> The insured must be assessed with at least a 66.7% permanent loss of earning capacity and have at least eight years of coverage; at least 10 years of coverage if voluntarily insured.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased was a pensioner or was eligible for a pension at the time of death.</p>
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<p>Eligible survivors are a <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> who was married to the deceased for at least two years and dependent orphans younger than age 14 (age 18 if an apprentice, age 21 if a student or disabled).</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor allowance:</span> Paid to the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> if the insured had less than 13 years of coverage; less than 15 years of coverage if voluntarily insured.</p>
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<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> The pension is 26% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last eight years plus 2% of average monthly earnings for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of coverage exceeding 120 months, up to 80%; 30% of the insured's average quarterly earnings plus 2% for each year of coverage exceeding 60 quarters for the voluntarily insured.</p>
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<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate benefits are twice the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 28,460 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs.</p>
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<p>Early pension: The pension is reduced by 5% for each year the pension is taken before age 58; age 60 if voluntarily insured.</p>
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<p>The pension is paid quarterly.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Old-age allowance:</span> 52% of the legal minimum wage is paid each month; 30% of the earnings used to calculate contributions for the voluntarily insured.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by decree according to changes in the average salary and the legal minimum wage, depending on the financial resources of the system. (The last adjustment was made in 2008.)</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>The pension is 26% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last eight years plus 2% of average monthly earnings for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of coverage exceeding 120 months, up to 80%; 30% of the insured's average quarterly earnings plus 2% for each year of coverage beyond 60 quarters for the voluntarily insured. Each year remaining from the time the disability occurs up to age 53 is credited as a six-month coverage period.</p>
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<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate benefits are twice the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 28,460 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs.</p>
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<p>The disability pension ceases at age 53 (age 55 if voluntarily insured) and is replaced by the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by decree according to changes in the average salary and the legal minimum wage, depending on the financial resources of the system. (The last adjustment was made in 2008.)</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 50% of the pension the deceased received or was eligible to receive is paid to the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> of a deceased pensioner. If there is more than one widow, the pension is split equally.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> Each dependent orphan receives 10% of the pension the deceased received or was eligible to receive.</p>
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<p>The value of the orphan's pension must not be less than the value of family allowances (see Family Allowances).</p>
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<p>The total orphan's pension must not exceed 50% of the pension the deceased received or was eligible to receive.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor allowance:</span> A lump sum of one month of the deceased's <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension (calculated based on 156 months of coverage; 80 quarters of coverage for the survivor of a voluntarily insured person) is paid for each six-month period of coverage. If there is more than one widow, the allowance is split equally.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by decree according to changes in the average salary and the legal minimum wage, depending on the financial resources of the system. (The last adjustment was made in 2008.)</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Social Development, Solidarity, and Aged Persons (http://www.mdeveloppementsocial.gov.ml) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Social Insurance Institute, managed by a tripartite board and a director general, administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1952.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1999 (social insurance); and 1999 (voluntary coverage), implemented in 2004.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system. Maternity and medical benefits only.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>Special system for civil servants, magistrates, and armed forces personnel.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 3.06% of gross earnings; 6.56% for the voluntarily insured; 0.75% of the pension for pensioners.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 6.56% of wage class earnings, according to five wage classes.</p>
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<p>The self-employed person's contributions finance medical benefits only. Maternity cash benefits are financed under Family Allowances.</p>
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<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate voluntary contributions are 125,000 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs a quarter.</p>
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<p>The maximum earnings used to calculate voluntary contributions are 1,000,000 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs a quarter.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 3.5% of gross payroll.</p>
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<p>The employer's contributions finance medical benefits only. Cash maternity benefits are financed under Family Allowances.</p>
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<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate contributions are the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 28,460 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs.</p>
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<p>Employers with 10 or more employees pay contributions monthly; employers with one to nine employees pay quarterly.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None; contributes as an employer for public-sector employees who are not civil servants.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits:</span> No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits:</span> The mother must reside in Mali and have at least nine consecutive months of insured employment based on at least 18 days or 120 hours of work a month; voluntarily insured self-employed women must have at least two six-month periods of insured employment.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Birth leave:</span> Paid to a father in insured employment for the birth of a child. The benefit is not paid for a stillborn child.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> Must be in insured employment or voluntarily insured.</p>
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<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> No statutory benefits are provided. (Employers are required to provide paid sick leave for employees.)</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 100% of the employed mother's last earnings is paid six weeks before and eight weeks after (11 weeks if there are complications arising from pregnancy or childbirth) the expected date of childbirth.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Birth leave:</span> 100% of the father's last earnings is paid for any three days in the first 15 days after childbirth.</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>The joint interemployer medical services program, operated by the National Social Insurance Institute, provides medical care and some health and welfare services.</p>
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<p>Insured and voluntarily insured women receive necessary medical care during pregnancy and childbirth.</p>
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<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Medical benefits for dependents are the same as those for the insured.</p>
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<p>Eligible dependents are the spouse and dependent children of the insured.</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Health, Solidarity, and Aged Persons (http://www.mdeveloppementsocial.gov.ml) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Social Insurance Institute, managed by a tripartite board and a director general, administers the program.</p>
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<h2>Work Injury</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1932.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1999 (social insurance); and 1999 (voluntary coverage), implemented in 2004.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employed persons, including temporary and seasonal workers, members of production cooperatives, nonsalaried managers of cooperatives and their assistants, apprentices, students at technical schools, managers of companies under certain conditions, and prisoners working in prison workshops.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>Special systems for civil servants and seamen.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Voluntary contributions of 1% to 4% of gross earnings, according to the assessed degree of risk.</p>
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<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate voluntary contributions are the legal minimum wage. </p>
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<p>The maximum earnings used to calculate voluntary contributions are 10 times the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 28,460 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 1% to 4% of gross payroll, according to the assessed degree of risk.</p>
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<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate voluntary contributions are the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The maximum earnings used to calculate voluntary contributions are 10 times the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 28,460 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs.</p>
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<p>Employers with 10 or more employees pay contributions monthly; employers with one to nine employees pay quarterly.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period. Accidents that occur while commuting to and from work are covered.</p>
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<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>100% of the insured's last earnings is paid monthly from the day after the disability began until full recovery or certification of permanent disability.</p>
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<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate benefits are the legal minimum wage. The legal monthly minimum wage is 28,460 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits may be adjusted according to changes in the average salary and the legal minimum wage after two months of payment.</p>
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<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
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<p>If the insured is assessed with a total disability, 100% of the insured's average earnings in the year before the disability began is paid.</p>
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<p>Constant-attendance supplement: If the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions, 40% of the disability pension is paid.</p>
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<p>The maximum pension is 20 times the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 28,460 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs.</p>
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<p>Partial disability: The pension is the insured's average earnings in the year before the disability began multiplied by 0.5 times the assessed degree of disability for the portion of disability between 10% and 50% and by 1.5 times the assessed degree of disability for the portion greater than 50%. The pension is paid as a lump sum if the assessed disability is less than 10%.</p>
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<p>For an assessed degree of disability of at least 10%, the minimum earnings used to calculate benefits are 1.3 times the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>Only 33.3% of earnings over 10 times the legal minimum wage are taken into account to calculate benefits. The maximum earnings used to calculate benefits are 28 times the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>If the assessed degree of disability is 100%, pensions are paid monthly; if the assessed degree of disability is 75% to 99%, monthly or quarterly; otherwise, quarterly or annually.</p>
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<p>If the assessed degree of disability is greater than 20%, the pension may be partially paid as a lump sum after receiving the pension for five years; if the assessed degree of disability is 20% or less, the total remaining pension may be paid as a lump sum after receiving the pension for five years.</p>
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<p>A medical examination by a doctor approved or designated by the National Social Security Fund may be required every six months during the first two years; thereafter, once a year.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by decree according to changes in the average salary and the legal minimum wage, depending on the financial resources of the system. (The last adjustment was made in 2008.)</p>
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<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
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<p>Benefits include medical and surgical care, hospitalization, medicine, appliances, transportation, and rehabilitation.</p>
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<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 30% of the deceased's average earnings in the year before the disability began is paid to the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> if the marriage occurred before the deceased's accident. If there is more than one widow, the pension is split equally.</p>
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<p>Remarriage settlement: The <span class="nobr">widow(er)'s</span> pension ceases on remarriage, and a lump sum of three years of pension is paid unless the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> has a child receiving an orphan's pension.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 15% of the deceased's average earnings in the year before the disability began is paid for each of the first two orphans and 10% for each additional orphan; 20% for each full orphan. Eligible orphans must be younger than age 14 (age 18 if an apprentice, age 21 if a student or disabled.)</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Dependent parent's and grandparent's pension:</span> 10% of the deceased's average earnings in the year before the disability began is paid to each dependent parent or grandparent, up to 30%.</p>
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<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate benefits are 1.3 times the legal minimum wage.</p>
|
|
<p>Only 33% of earnings over 10 times the legal minimum wage are used to calculate benefits. The maximum earnings used to calculate benefits are 28 times the legal minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 28,460 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs.</p>
|
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<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 85% of the deceased's average earnings in the year before the disability began.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> The cost of the burial is paid, up to 25% of the legal annual minimum wage.</p>
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<p>The legal annual minimum wage is 341,520 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs.</p>
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<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted for changes in the average salary and the legal minimum wage, depending on the financial resources of the system. (The last adjustment was made in 2008.)</p>
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<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
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<p>Ministry of Social Development, Solidarity, and Aged Persons (http://www.mdeveloppementsocial.gov.ml) provides general supervision.</p>
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<p>National Social Insurance Institute, managed by a tripartite board and a director general, administers contributions and benefits.</p>
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<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
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<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1955.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1999 (social insurance); and 1999 (voluntary coverage), implemented in 2004.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employment-related system.</p>
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<h3>Coverage</h3>
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<p>Employees with one or more children.</p>
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<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons.</p>
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<p>Special system for civil servants.</p>
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<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
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<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> A voluntary contribution of 8% of wage class earnings, according to five wage classes.</p>
|
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<p>The above contributions also finance maternity cash benefits under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
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<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate contributions are 125,000 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs a quarter.</p>
|
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<p>The maximum earnings used to calculate contributions are 1,000,000 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs a quarter.</p>
|
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<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 8% of gross payroll.</p>
|
|
<p>The above contributions also finance maternity cash benefits under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
|
|
<p>The minimum earnings used to calculate contributions are the legal minimum wage.</p>
|
|
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is 28,460 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs.</p>
|
|
<p>Employers with 10 or more employees pay contributions monthly; employers with one to nine employees pay quarterly.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> Any deficit; contributes as an employer for public-sector employees who are not civil servants.</p>
|
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<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> The child must be older than 12 months and younger than age 14 (age 18 if an apprentice, age 21 if a student or disabled). Preschool children must undergo prescribed medical examinations. The parent must have at least nine consecutive months of covered employment and be currently working at least 18 days or 120 hours a month; at least six months of covered employment for a voluntarily insured parent.</p>
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<p>The benefit is also paid to social insurance pensioners and to the <span class="nobr">widow(er)</span> of an insured person.</p>
|
|
<p>The benefit is payable abroad only under reciprocal agreement.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Prenatal allowance:</span> Paid to an insured woman or the wife of an insured man. The woman must undergo prescribed medical examinations.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> Paid to an insured woman or the wife of an insured man. The woman must undergo prescribed medical examinations.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Marriage allowance:</span> Paid to an insured person when marrying for the first time. (Voluntarily insured persons are not eligible.)</p>
|
|
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> 1,000 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs a month is paid for each child.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Prenatal allowance:</span> 8,235 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs is paid in three installments: 1,830 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs, 3,660 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs, and 2,745 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs.</p>
|
|
<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> 10,980 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs is paid for each birth in three installments: 50% of the total grant at birth, 25% of the grant when the child is age 6 months, and 25% when the child is age 1.</p>
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<p><span class="h4">Marriage allowance:</span> A lump sum of 9,155 <abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr> francs is paid.</p>
|
|
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits were last adjusted in 2003.</p>
|
|
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
|
|
<p>Ministry of Social Development, Solidarity, and Aged Persons (http://www.mdeveloppementsocial.gov.ml) provides general supervision.</p>
|
|
<p>National Social Insurance Institute, managed by a tripartite board and a director general, administers the program.</p>
|
|
</div>
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</article>
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