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<title>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2011 - Chad</title>
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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2011</h1>
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<h1>Chad</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$1.00 = 503.30&nbsp;<abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr>&nbsp;francs.</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First and current laws:</span> 1977 (pensions) and 1978 (old age, disability, and survivors).</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Salaried workers regulated by the labor code.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
<p>Special system for civil servants.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 3.5% of gross earnings.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 500,000&nbsp;<abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr>&nbsp;francs.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 5% of gross payroll.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 500,000&nbsp;<abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr>&nbsp;francs.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> Age&nbsp;60 (age&nbsp;55 if prematurely aged) with at least 180&nbsp;months of coverage or 60&nbsp;months of contributions in the last 10&nbsp;years. Employment must cease.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> Age&nbsp;60 but does not meet the qualifying conditions for the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> The insured must be assessed with at least a 66.7% loss of earning capacity and have at least five years of coverage, including at least six months of contributions in the year before the disability began. There is no qualifying period if the disability is the result of a nonoccupational accident.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance allowance: Paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased met the qualifying conditions for a pension, was a pensioner, or had at least 180&nbsp;months of coverage at the time of death.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> Paid to a survivor if the deceased did not meet the qualifying conditions for a pension.</p>
<p>Eligible survivors are a widow aged&nbsp;40 or older or pregnant, disabled, or caring for a child, and who was married to the deceased for at least one year; a dependent, disabled widower who was married to the deceased for at least one year; and children younger than age&nbsp;15 (age&nbsp;18 if an apprentice, age&nbsp;21 if a student or disabled).</p>
<p>The <span class="nobr">widow(er)'s</span> pension ceases on remarriage.</p>
<h3>Old-Age Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age pension:</span> The pension is 30% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last three or five years (whichever is greater) plus 1.2% of average monthly earnings for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of coverage exceeding 180&nbsp;months, up to 80%.</p>
<p>If the insured is prematurely aged, the <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension is reduced by 5% for each year the pension is taken before the normal retirement age.</p>
<p>The minimum pension is 60% of the highest regional minimum wage.</p>
<p>Benefits are paid quarterly.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by decree according to actuarial projections by the National Social Insurance Fund.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Old-age settlement:</span> A lump sum of one month of wages is paid for each year of coverage.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Disability pension:</span> The pension is 30% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last three or five years (whichever is greater) plus 1.2% of average monthly earnings for each <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period of coverage exceeding 180&nbsp;months. For each year that a claim is made before the insured reaches the normal retirement age, the insured is credited with one year of coverage.</p>
<p>At the normal retirement age, the disability pension ceases and is replaced by an <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension of the same amount.</p>
<p>The minimum pension is 60% of the highest regional minimum wage.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance allowance: 50% of the pension is paid.</p>
<p>Benefits are paid quarterly.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by decree according to actuarial projections by the National Social Insurance Fund.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 50% of the pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid.</p>
<p>If there is more than one eligible widow, the pension is split equally.</p>
<p>Remarriage settlement: A lump sum of six months of survivor pension is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 25% of the deceased's pension is paid to each orphan; 40%&nbsp;to each full orphan.</p>
<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the deceased's <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
<p>Benefits are paid quarterly.</p>
<p>Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by decree according to actuarial projections by the National Social Insurance Fund.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor settlement:</span> A lump sum of one month of wages is paid for each year of coverage.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labor and Public Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1952.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1966.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system. Maternity benefits only.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employed women.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed women.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Family Allowances.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> See source of funds under Family Allowances.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits:</span> No statutory benefits are provided.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits:</span> The insured woman must have at least six consecutive months of employment immediately before work ceases.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> No statutory benefits are provided. (The labor code requires employers to provide paid sick leave.)</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> 50% of the insured's last daily wage is paid for six weeks before and eight weeks after the expected date of childbirth; may be extended up to three weeks if there are complications arising from pregnancy or childbirth.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>No statutory benefits are provided. (The labor code requires employers to provide certain medical services.)</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>No statutory benefits are provided. (Some health and welfare services are provided to mothers and children under Family Allowances.)</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labor and Public Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1935.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1966, implemented in 1970.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employed persons.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
<p>Special system for civil servants.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 4% of gross payroll.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 500,000&nbsp;<abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr>&nbsp;francs.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period. The work accident must be reported within 48&nbsp;hours.</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>66.7% of the insured's average daily wage in the 30&nbsp;days before the disability began is paid from the day after the disability began until full recovery or until certification of permanent disability (after two years).</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> If the insured is assessed with a total disability, 100% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the 12&nbsp;months before the disability began is paid.</p>
<p>Partial disability: For an assessed degree of disability of at least 10%, the benefit is the insured's average monthly earnings in the 12&nbsp;months before the disability began multiplied by 0.5 times the assessed degree of disability for the portion of disability up to 50% and by 1.5 times the assessed degree of disability for the portion above 50%.</p>
<p>The earnings used to calculate benefits are six times the highest regional minimum wage plus 33.3% of earnings between six and 25 times the highest regional minimum wage.</p>
<p>For an assessed degree of disability of at least 10%, the minimum pension is 1.35 times the highest regional minimum wage.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance allowance: If the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions, 40% of the pension is paid.</p>
<p>Pensions are normally paid quarterly. If the insured is assessed with a 100% disability, the pension is paid monthly; with at least a 75% disability, the insured may be paid monthly on request.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Benefits include medical and surgical care, hospitalization, medicine, appliances, and transportation.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 30% of the deceased's average earnings in the last 12&nbsp;months is paid.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 15% of the deceased's average earnings in the last 12&nbsp;months is paid for each orphan younger than age&nbsp;15 (age&nbsp;18 if an apprentice, age&nbsp;21 if a student or disabled); 20% for each full orphan.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Dependent relative's pension:</span> 10% of the deceased's average earnings in the last 12&nbsp;months is paid to each dependent relative, up to a total of 30%.</p>
<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 85% of the deceased's average earnings used to calculate the pension.</p>
<p>The earnings used to calculate benefits are six times the highest regional minimum wage plus 33.3% of earnings between six and 25 times the highest regional minimum wage.</p>
<p>Benefits are paid quarterly.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labor and Public Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
<h2>Family Allowances</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1956.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1966.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Employment-related system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employed persons.</p>
<p>Special system for civil servants.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Self-employed persons.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 7.5% of covered payroll.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly earnings used to calculate contributions are 500,000&nbsp;<abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr>&nbsp;francs.</p>
<p>The employer's contributions also finance maternity benefits under Sickness and Maternity.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> None.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> The child must be younger than age&nbsp;20 (age&nbsp;18 if an apprentice, age&nbsp;21 if a student or disabled) and reside in Chad. The parent must have at least six consecutive months of employment and work at least 20&nbsp;days a month.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Prenatal allowance:</span> The woman must undergo regularly prescribed medical examinations.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> Paid for the first three births from the insured's first marriage.</p>
<h3>Family Allowance Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Family allowances:</span> 600&nbsp;<abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr>&nbsp;francs a month is paid for each child.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Prenatal allowance:</span> 5,400&nbsp;<abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr>&nbsp;francs is paid for each month of pregnancy. The allowance is paid in two equal parts.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Birth grant:</span> A lump sum of 6,000&nbsp;<abbr class="spell">CFA</abbr>&nbsp;francs is paid for each of the first three births.</p>
<p>Some health and welfare services are also provided to mothers and children.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Ministry of Labor and Public Affairs provides general supervision.</p>
<p>National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.</p>
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