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<title>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2009 - El Salvador</title>
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<h1>Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2009</h1>
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<h1>El Salvador</h1>
<div class="exchangeRate">Exchange rate: Currency is the <abbr class="spell">US</abbr> dollar (<abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$).</div>
<h2>Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1953 and 1969.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current law:</span> 1996 (individual account), implemented in 1998; and 1996 (pension supervision), implemented in 1998.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Mandatory individual account and social insurance system.</p>
<p>Note: A system of mandatory individual accounts was introduced in 1998. Workers entering the labor force after April&nbsp;30, 1999, must join the new system. The social insurance system is being phased out.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Mandatory individual account:</span> All employees in the private and public sectors not covered under social insurance.</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage for self-employed persons, owners of small enterprises, and citizens of El Salvador residing abroad.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> All insured persons who were older than age&nbsp;55 (men) or age&nbsp;50 (women) in 1998.</p>
<p>Voluntary coverage for those who were aged&nbsp;36 or older in 1998.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<h4>Mandatory individual account</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Insured person:</span> 6.25% of covered earnings.</p>
<p>The minimum earnings for contribution calculation purposes are equal to the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$175.40.</p>
<p>The maximum earnings for contribution calculation purposes are <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$5,354.52.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Self-employed person:</span> A voluntary contribution of 13% of declared covered earnings plus up to 2.7% of declared covered earnings for disability and survivor insurance and for administrative fees.</p>
<p>The minimum earnings for contribution calculation purposes are equal to the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$175.40.</p>
<p>The maximum earnings for contribution calculation purposes are <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$5,354.52.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer:</span> 4.05% of covered payroll plus up to 2.7% of covered payroll for disability and survivor insurance and for administrative fees.</p>
<p>The minimum earnings for contribution calculation purposes are equal to the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$175.40.</p>
<p>The maximum earnings for contribution calculation purposes are <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$5,354.52.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Government:</span> Subsidizes the cost of the guaranteed minimum pension.</p>
<h4>Social insurance</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Insured person:</span> 7% of earnings.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Self-employed person:</span> Not applicable.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Employer:</span> 7% of payroll.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Government:</span> Special subsidies as needed to finance the program. (The government finances an indexed bond for individuals covered by the mandatory individual account system who made contributions to the old social insurance system. The bond represents the value of the insured's contributions to the old social insurance system plus interest.)</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<h4>Mandatory individual account</h4>
<p><span class="h5"><span class="nobr">Old-age</span> pension:</span> Age&nbsp;60 (men) or age&nbsp;55 (women) with at least 25&nbsp;years of contributions. Retirement is permitted before the normal retirement age if the accumulated capital and interest in the individual account is sufficient to provide a pension of at least 60% of the base salary and 160% of the minimum pension.</p>
<p>The base salary is equal to the insured's average earnings in the last 120&nbsp;months.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly pension is <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$143.64.</p>
<p>Guaranteed minimum pension: Age&nbsp;60 (men) or age&nbsp;55 (women) with at least 25&nbsp;years of contributions. Paid if the accumulated capital and interest in the individual account is insufficient to provide the minimum pension set by law and the insured has no other income.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Disability pension:</span> The insured was actively contributing to an individual account before the disability began and had at least 6&nbsp;months of contributions in the 12&nbsp;months before the disability began; unemployed persons whose disability began in the <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period following the last contribution and had at least 6&nbsp;months of contributions in the 12&nbsp;months before the last contribution.</p>
<p>If none of the qualifying conditions are met, the insured receives a pension financed by the value of the accumulated capital plus accrued interest only.</p>
<p>The degree of loss in working capacity is assessed by the Disability Commission.</p>
<p>Guaranteed minimum pension: The insured had at least 10&nbsp;years of contributions; if the disability is the result of a disease, 3&nbsp;years of contributions in the 5&nbsp;years before the disability began; if the disability is the result of an accident, the insured was actively contributing to an individual account before the disability began and had at least 6&nbsp;months of contributions in the 12&nbsp;months before the disability began. Paid if the accumulated capital and interest in the individual account is insufficient to provide the minimum pension set by law.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly pension is <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$143.64 for a disability of 66% or more; <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$100.55 a month for a partial disability.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension:</span> The insured was actively contributing to an individual account at the time of death and had at least 6&nbsp;months of contributions in the 12&nbsp;months before death; unemployed persons who died in the <span class="nobr">12-month</span> period following the last contribution and had at least 6&nbsp;months of contributions in the 12&nbsp;months before the last contribution.</p>
<p>Eligible survivors are the deceased's spouse or cohabiting partner, children younger than age&nbsp;18 (age&nbsp;24 if a student, no limit if disabled), and dependent parents.</p>
<p>Guaranteed minimum pension: The deceased had at least 10&nbsp;years of contributions; if the death is the result of a disease, 3&nbsp;years of contributions in the 5&nbsp;years before the death; if the disability is the result of an accident, the insured was actively contributing to an individual account and had at least 6&nbsp;months of contributions in the 12&nbsp;months before the death. Paid if the accumulated capital and interest in the individual account is insufficient to provide the minimum pension set by law.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly pension is <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$143.64.</p>
<h4>Social insurance</h4>
<p><span class="h5"><span class="nobr">Old-age</span> pension:</span> Age&nbsp;60 (men) or age&nbsp;55 (women) with at least 25&nbsp;years of contributions. There is no age requirement with at least 30&nbsp;years of contributions.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Disability pension:</span> The insured must be assessed with a disability, be younger than age&nbsp;60 (men) or age&nbsp;55 (women), and have at least 36&nbsp;months of contributions, including at least 18&nbsp;months in the 36&nbsp;months before the disability began.</p>
<p>The degree of disability is assessed by the Disability Commission.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance supplement: Paid if the insured is assessed with a loss in working capacity of 66% or more and requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension:</span> The deceased was a pensioner or had at least 5&nbsp;years of contributions; 10&nbsp;years if no contributions were made in the last 12&nbsp;months before the death.</p>
<p>Eligible survivors are the widow who was married to the insured for at least 6&nbsp;months, is pregnant or had a child with the deceased, or is disabled; a female partner who cohabited with the deceased for the last 3&nbsp;years, is pregnant or had a child with the deceased, or is disabled; a disabled widower; children younger than age&nbsp;18 (age&nbsp;24 if a student, no limit if disabled); a dependent mother aged&nbsp;55 or older; and a dependent father aged&nbsp;60 or older.</p>
<h3><span class="nobr">Old-Age</span> Benefits</h3>
<h4>Mandatory individual account</h4>
<p><span class="h5"><span class="nobr">Old-age</span> pension:</span> At retirement, the insured may use the contributions plus accrued interest in the individual account in one of three ways: to make periodic withdrawals to guarantee income for the duration of the expected lifespan; to buy an annuity from a private insurance company; or a combination of both options. (The value of accrued rights under the social insurance system is combined with the individual account balance at retirement.)</p>
<p>Guaranteed minimum pension: If the pension is less than the minimum pension set by law, the government makes up the difference.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly pension is <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$143.64.</p>
<h4>Social insurance</h4>
<p><span class="h5"><span class="nobr">Old-age</span> pension:</span> The pension is 30% of the base salary for the first 3&nbsp;years of contributions plus 1.5% for each additional year.</p>
<p>The base salary is equal to the insured's average earnings in the last 120&nbsp;months.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly pension is <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$143.64.</p>
<p>The maximum monthly pension is 100% of the base salary.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<h4>Mandatory individual account</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Disability pension:</span> If assessed with a loss in working capacity of 66% or more, the pension is 70% of the base salary.</p>
<p>Partial disability: With an assessed loss in working capacity of 50% to 65%, the pension is 50% of the base salary.</p>
<p>The base salary is equal to the insured's average earnings in the last 120&nbsp;months.</p>
<p>Guaranteed minimum pension: If the pension is less than the minimum pension set by law, disability insurance tops up the accumulated capital in the individual account to make up the difference.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly pension is <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$143.64 for a disability of 66% or more; <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$100.55 a month for a partial disability.</p>
<p>The minimum disability pension is replaced by the minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension at the normal retirement age.</p>
<h4>Social insurance</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Disability pension:</span> The pension is 30% of the base salary for the first 3&nbsp;years of contributions plus 1.5% for each additional year.</p>
<p>The base salary is equal to the insured's average earnings in the last 120&nbsp;months.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly pension is <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$143.64.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance supplement: 20% of the pension is paid.</p>
<p>The minimum disability pension is replaced by the minimum <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension at the normal retirement age.</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<h4>Mandatory individual account</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension:</span> 50% of the pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive is paid to a spouse or partner with children (if there is no spouse or partner the pension is paid to orphans); 60% if there are no eligible children.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Orphan's pension:</span> Each eligible child receives 25% of the pension deceased received or would have been entitled to receive.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Parent's pension:</span> Each parent receives 20% of the pension the deceased received or would have been entitled to receive; 30% if there is only one surviving parent. In the absence of an eligible spouse or partner, each parent receives 40%; 80% if there is only one surviving parent.</p>
<p>Guaranteed minimum pension: If the pension is less than the minimum pension set by law, life insurance tops up the accumulated capital in the deceased's individual account to make up the difference.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly pension is <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$143.64.</p>
<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the deceased's <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
<h4>Social insurance</h4>
<p><span class="h5">Survivor pension:</span> 50% of the deceased's pension is paid to a widow or a disabled widower.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Orphan's pension:</span> Each eligible child receives 25% of the deceased's pension; 40% for a full orphan.</p>
<p><span class="h5">Other eligible survivors (in the absence of the above):</span> 30% of the deceased's pension is paid to a mother aged&nbsp;55 or older; 30% to a father aged&nbsp;60 or older; 40% if there is only one surviving eligible parent.</p>
<p>Guaranteed minimum pension: <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$143.64 a month.</p>
<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the deceased's <span class="nobr">old-age</span> pension.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Mandatory individual account:</span> Superintendent of Pensions (http://www.spensiones.gob.sv) provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Individual pension fund management companies (<abbr class="spell">AFP</abbr>s) administer individual accounts.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Social insurance:</span> Superintendent of Pensions (http://www.spensiones.gob.sv) provides general supervision.</p>
<p>Supervised by a board of 12&nbsp;directors, the Social Insurance Institute (<a href="https://www.isss.gob.sv">http://www.isss.gob.sv</a>) plans, manages, and administers the program.</p>
<h2>Sickness and Maternity</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1949.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1953 and 1993.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Employed and self-employed persons in industry and commerce and pensioners.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Teachers and agricultural, household, and casual workers.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> 3% of covered earnings. Pensioners contribute 7.8% of the <span class="nobr">old-age</span>, disability, or survivor pension; or 6% of the work injury disability or survivor pension.</p>
<p>The minimum earnings for contribution calculation purposes are equal to the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$175.40.</p>
<p>The maximum earnings for contribution calculation purposes are <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$685.71.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> 10.5% of declared income.</p>
<p>The minimum earnings for contribution calculation purposes are equal to the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$175.40.</p>
<p>The maximum earnings for contribution calculation purposes are <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$685.71.</p>
<p>The self-employed person's contributions also finance work injury benefits.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> 7.5% of covered payroll.</p>
<p>The minimum earnings for contribution calculation purposes are equal to the legal monthly minimum wage.</p>
<p>The legal monthly minimum wage is <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$175.40.</p>
<p>The maximum earnings for contribution calculation purposes are <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$685.71.</p>
<p>The employer's contributions also finance work injury benefits.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> An annual subsidy.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Cash sickness benefits:</span> The insured is currently employed. There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Cash maternity benefits:</span> The insured must have at least 12&nbsp;weeks of contributions in the 12&nbsp;months before the expected date of childbirth; if unemployed, at least 8&nbsp;weeks of contributions in the last 3&nbsp;months.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Medical benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period if the insured is currently employed; if unemployed, at least 8&nbsp;weeks of contributions in the last 3&nbsp;months.</p>
<h3>Sickness and Maternity Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Sickness benefit:</span> The daily benefit is 75% of average monthly earnings and is paid after a <span class="nobr">3-day</span> waiting period for up to 26&nbsp;weeks for the same incapacity; may be extended for an additional 26&nbsp;weeks.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Maternity benefit:</span> The daily benefit is 75% of average earnings and is paid for up to 12&nbsp;weeks; other benefits include milk (with a medical prescription) and a layette (clothing and other necessities for the newborn).</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Benefits include complete medical and maternity care, hospitalization, medicine, auxiliary services for diagnosis and treatment, and dental care (except for cosmetic reasons). The unemployed receive medical benefits during the first 2&nbsp;months of unemployment.</p>
<h3>Dependents' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>The insured's wife receives prenatal and postnatal care, <span class="nobr">in-kind</span> benefits, and medical and dental benefits. Children up to age&nbsp;12 receive basic medical care.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Supervised by a board of 12&nbsp;directors, the Social Insurance Institute (<a href="https://www.isss.gob.sv">http://www.isss.gob.sv</a>) plans, manages, and administers the program.</p>
<p>Social Insurance Institute operates its own clinics and hospitals.</p>
<h2>Work Injury</h2>
<h3>Regulatory Framework</h3>
<p><span class="h4">First law:</span> 1949.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Current laws:</span> 1953 and 1993.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Type of program:</span> Social insurance system.</p>
<h3>Coverage</h3>
<p>Public- and private-sector employees and self-employed persons in industry and commerce.</p>
<p>Exclusions: Household, casual, and rural workers.</p>
<h3>Source of Funds</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Insured person:</span> None.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Self-employed person:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity, above.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Employer:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity, above.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Government:</span> See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity, above.</p>
<h3>Qualifying Conditions</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Work injury benefits:</span> There is no minimum qualifying period.</p>
<h3>Temporary Disability Benefits</h3>
<p>The benefit is 75% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the first&nbsp;3 of the last 4&nbsp;months. The benefit is paid from the day after the disability began for up to 52&nbsp;weeks.</p>
<h3>Permanent Disability Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Permanent disability pension:</span> With an assessed degree of disability of greater than 66%, the pension is 70% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last year.</p>
<p>The minimum monthly pension is <abbr class="spell">US</abbr>$80.00.</p>
<p>Constant-attendance supplement: Up to 50% of the pension is paid if the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions.</p>
<p>Partial disability: If the assessed degree of disability is between 35% and 66%, a percentage of the full pension is paid according to the assessed degree of disability. If the assessed degree of disability is between 20% and 34%, a pension equal to double the amount of the permanent disability pension based on the assessed degree of disability is paid for up to 3&nbsp;years.</p>
<h3>Workers' Medical Benefits</h3>
<p>Benefits include complete medical and maternity care, hospitalization, medicine, auxiliary services for diagnosis and treatment, and dental care (except for cosmetic reasons).</p>
<h3>Survivor Benefits</h3>
<p><span class="h4">Survivor pension:</span> 60% of the deceased's pension is paid to a spouse.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Orphan's pension:</span> 30% of the deceased's pension is paid for each child.</p>
<p>All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the deceased's pension.</p>
<p><span class="h4">Funeral grant:</span> A lump sum of twice the deceased's average monthly salary is paid.</p>
<h3>Administrative Organization</h3>
<p>Supervised by a board of 12&nbsp;directors, the Social Insurance Institute (<a href="https://www.isss.gob.sv">http://www.isss.gob.sv</a>) plans, manages, and administers the program.</p>
<p>Social Insurance Institute operates its own clinics and hospitals.</p>
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